Patrick Wallis
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View article: Trust, Guilds, and Kinship in London, 1330–1680
Trust, Guilds, and Kinship in London, 1330–1680 Open
How was trust created and reinforced between the inhabitants of medieval and early modern cities? And how did the social foundations of trusting relationships change over time? Current research highlights the role of kinship, neighbourhood…
View article: Nominal wage patterns, monopsony, and labour market power in early modern England
Nominal wage patterns, monopsony, and labour market power in early modern England Open
Records of long‐eighteenth‐century English wage rates exhibit almost absolute nominal rigidity over many decades, alongside significant dispersion between the wages paid by different organizations for the same type of work in the same loca…
View article: Job Tenure and Unskilled Workers before the Industrial Revolution: St Paul’s Cathedral 1672–1748
Job Tenure and Unskilled Workers before the Industrial Revolution: St Paul’s Cathedral 1672–1748 Open
How were unskilled workers selected and hired in preindustrial labor markets? We exploit records from the rebuilding of St Paul’s Cathedral, London (1672–1748), to analyze the hiring and employment histories of over 1,000 general building …
View article: Unmaking Apprenticeship in Early Modern London: Goldsmiths’ Apprentices and the Lord Mayor’s Court, 1597–1720
Unmaking Apprenticeship in Early Modern London: Goldsmiths’ Apprentices and the Lord Mayor’s Court, 1597–1720 Open
© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of The London Journal Trust. cc-by-nc-nd
View article: Transferring useful knowledge. Quality mechanisms in European apprenticeship
Transferring useful knowledge. Quality mechanisms in European apprenticeship Open
Human capital is central to current debates about the sources of growth and divergence in the premodern economy. Apprenticeship, the key formal arrangement by which occupational skills were transferred in this period, has in the past often…
View article: Unskilled labour before the Industrial Revolution
Unskilled labour before the Industrial Revolution Open
The Industrial Revolution is seen as a major turning point in the management of labour, bringing about employment practices that gave structure and stability to the workforce. This paper provides evidence that employers were using hiring a…
View article: Conclusion: Apprenticeship in Europe – A Survey
Conclusion: Apprenticeship in Europe – A Survey Open
All European countries had apprenticeship systems, which were normally regulated and implemented locally. This involved three institutional actors: guilds providing a regulatory framework, notaries registering the contracts between individ…
View article: Access to the Trade: Monopoly and Mobility in European Craft Guilds in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
Access to the Trade: Monopoly and Mobility in European Craft Guilds in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Open
One of the standard objections against guilds in the premodern world has been their exclusiveness. Guilds have been portrayed as providing unfair advantages to the children of established masters and locals, over immigrants and other outsi…
View article: Between Apprenticeship and Skill: Acquiring Knowledge outside the Academy in Early Modern England
Between Apprenticeship and Skill: Acquiring Knowledge outside the Academy in Early Modern England Open
Argument Apprenticeship was probably the largest mode of organized learning in early modern European societies, and artisan practitioners commonly began as apprentices. Yet little is known about how youths actually gained skills. I develop…
View article: The extent of citizenship in pre-industrial England, Germany, and the Low Countries
The extent of citizenship in pre-industrial England, Germany, and the Low Countries Open
Citizenship was the main vehicle through which urban authorities granted political and economic rights to their communities. This article estimates the size of the citizenry and citizenship rates for over 30 European towns and cities betwe…
View article: Guilds and mutual protection in England
Guilds and mutual protection in England Open
Guilds made an important contribution to the provision of mutual welfare to their members in the Netherlands and some other parts of Europe, giving their members entitlements to support and assistance during periods of unemployment, sickne…
View article: Structural Change and Economic Growth in the British Economy before the Industrial Revolution, 1500–1800
Structural Change and Economic Growth in the British Economy before the Industrial Revolution, 1500–1800 Open
Structural transformation is a key indicator of economic development. We present the first time series of male labor sectoral shares for England and Wales before 1800, using a large sample of probate and apprenticeship data to produce nati…
View article: Structural change and economic growth in the British economy before the Industrial Revolution, 1500-1800
Structural change and economic growth in the British economy before the Industrial Revolution, 1500-1800 Open
Structural transformation is a key indicator of economic development. We present the first time series of male labor sectoral shares for England and Wales before 1800, using a large sample of probate and apprenticeship data to produce nati…
View article: Guilds in the transition to modernity: the cases of Germany, United Kingdom, and the Netherlands
Guilds in the transition to modernity: the cases of Germany, United Kingdom, and the Netherlands Open
One important aspect of the transition to modernity is the survival of elements of the Old Regime beyond the French Revolution. It has been claimed that this can explain why in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries some Western…
View article: Access to the trade: monopoly and mobility in European craft guilds, 17th and 18th centuries
Access to the trade: monopoly and mobility in European craft guilds, 17th and 18th centuries Open
One of the standard objections against citizenship systems and trade organizations in the premodern world has been their exclusiveness. Privileged access to certain professions and industries is seen as a disincentive for technological pro…
View article: Failure or Flexibility? Apprenticeship Training in Premodern Europe
Failure or Flexibility? Apprenticeship Training in Premodern Europe Open
Pre-industrial apprenticeship is often considered more stable than its nineteenth- and twentieth-century counterparts, apparently because of the more durable relationships between masters and apprentices. Nevertheless, recent studies have …
View article: Failure or flexibility? Apprenticeship training in premodern Europe
Failure or flexibility? Apprenticeship training in premodern Europe Open
Preindustrial apprenticeship is often considered more stable than its nineteenth- and twentieth century counterparts, apparently because of the more durable relationships between masters and apprentices. Nevertheless, recent studies have s…
View article: Failure or flexibility? exits from apprenticeship training in pre-modern Europe
Failure or flexibility? exits from apprenticeship training in pre-modern Europe Open
Preindustrial apprenticeship is often considered more stable than its nineteenth- and twentieth century counterparts, apparently because of the more durable relationships between masters and apprentices. Nevertheless, recent studies have s…
View article: Working Paper On Rates Of Failure To Qualify For Citizenship And Trades (Deliverable 3.4)
Working Paper On Rates Of Failure To Qualify For Citizenship And Trades (Deliverable 3.4) Open
Europe’s historical citizenship regimes limited economic citizenship to specific groups. As in modern national citizenship regimes, those outsiders who sought to access economic rights needed to meet various criteria. In this paper, we eva…
View article: Puncturing the Malthus delusion: structural change in the British economy before the industrial revolution, 1500-1800
Puncturing the Malthus delusion: structural change in the British economy before the industrial revolution, 1500-1800 Open
Accounts of structural change in the pre-modern British economy vary substantially. We present the first time series of male labour sectoral shares before 1800, using a large sample of probate and apprenticeship data to produce national an…
View article: Guild Traditions, Economic Development And The Formation Of National Political Economies In Germany, The United Kingdom And The Netherlands In The 19Th And Early 20Th Centuries (D3.6)
Guild Traditions, Economic Development And The Formation Of National Political Economies In Germany, The United Kingdom And The Netherlands In The 19Th And Early 20Th Centuries (D3.6) Open
In recent decades historians, sociologists and political scientists have attempted to explain why in the late 19th and early 20th centuries some Western countries adopted national corporatist structures while others transformed into libera…
View article: Introduction: The Growth of the Early Modern Medical Economy
Introduction: The Growth of the Early Modern Medical Economy Open
The papers in this section address a common question: how likely were sick people in early modern Europe to seek care from a medical practitioner? The evidence they present reveals a level of engagement with commercial medical provision th…
View article: Medical Revolutions? The Growth of Medicine in England, 1660–1800
Medical Revolutions? The Growth of Medicine in England, 1660–1800 Open
This paper studies the rising use of commercial medical assistance in early modern England. We measure individual consumption of medical and nursing services using a new dataset of debts at death between ca. 1670 and ca. 1790. Levels of co…
View article: Households, Consumption and the Development of Medical Care in the Netherlands, 1650–1900
Households, Consumption and the Development of Medical Care in the Netherlands, 1650–1900 Open
This article examines the development of the Dutch medical marketplace between 1650 and 1900 from a household's perspective. Using debts for medical care recorded in probate inventories, we construct the first quantitative analysis of leve…
View article: Research Paper Submitted To A Refereed Journal On "Formal And Informal Barriers To Citizenship And Trades" (Deliverable 3.2)
Research Paper Submitted To A Refereed Journal On "Formal And Informal Barriers To Citizenship And Trades" (Deliverable 3.2) Open
Barriers to economic rights that limited access to markets and strongly privileged ‘insiders’ are often identified as constraining pre-modern economies. This paper provides the first systematic comparative analysis of the nature, size and …
View article: The Scale And Scope Of Citizenship In Early Modern Europe: Preliminary Estimates (Deliverable 3.1)
The Scale And Scope Of Citizenship In Early Modern Europe: Preliminary Estimates (Deliverable 3.1) Open
This paper develops a simple methodology to estimate the stock of citizens and citizenship rates for over 30 European towns and cities between 1550 and 1800. We find substantial variation in individual urban citizenship rates, from less th…