H. W. Hendel
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View article: Continuous plasma acceleration at electron cyclotron resonance
Continuous plasma acceleration at electron cyclotron resonance Open
Experimental and analytical results are presented covering a continuous method of accelerating neutral plasmas. By raising the electron energy selectively in electron cyclotron resonance and transferring this energy to the ions by space ch…
View article: Neutron ion temperature measurement
Neutron ion temperature measurement Open
One important use of fusion product diagnostics is in the determination of the deuterium ion temperature from the magnitude of the 2.5 MeV d(d,n)/sup 3/He neutron emission. The detectors, calibration methods, and limitations of this techni…
View article: In-situ calibration of TFTR (Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor) neutron detectors
In-situ calibration of TFTR (Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor) neutron detectors Open
We report results of the TFTR fission detector calibration performed in December 1988. A NBS-traceable, remotely controlled {sup 252}Cf neutron source was moved toroidally through the TFTR vacuum vessel. Detection efficiencies for two {sup…
View article: Loss of alpha-like MeV fusion products from TFTR
Loss of alpha-like MeV fusion products from TFTR Open
A detailed comparison between the observed and expected loss of alpha-like MeV fusion products in TFTR is presented. The D-D fusion products (mainly the 1 MeV triton) were measured with an 2-D imaging scintillation detector. The expected f…
View article: Numerical simulations of in-situ neutron detector calibration experiments on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor
Numerical simulations of in-situ neutron detector calibration experiments on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor Open
Accurate determinations of fusion neutron yields on the TFTR require that the neutron detectors be absolutely calibrated in-situ, using neutron sources of known strengths. For such calibrations, numerical simulations of neutron transport c…
View article: The tokamak as a neutron source
The tokamak as a neutron source Open
This paper describes the tokamak in its role as a neutron source, with emphasis on experimental results for D-D neutron production. The sections summarize tokamak operation, sources of fusion and non-fusion neutrons, principal neutron dete…
View article: Calculation of the absolute detection efficiency of a moderated /sup 235/U neutron detector on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor
Calculation of the absolute detection efficiency of a moderated /sup 235/U neutron detector on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor Open
Neutron transport simulations have been carried out to calculate the absolute detection efficiency of a moderated /sup 235/U neutron detector which is used on the TFTR as a part of the primary fission detector diagnostic system for measuri…
View article: Relative intensities of 2. 5 and 14-MeV source neutrons from comparative responses of U-235 and U-238 detectors
Relative intensities of 2. 5 and 14-MeV source neutrons from comparative responses of U-235 and U-238 detectors Open
The response of polyethylene-moderated U-235 fission counters is only weakly dependent on incident neutron energy, while the response of unmoderated U-238 or Th-232 fission counters increases strongly with energy. A given concentration of …
View article: q-dependent, H-mode-like phenomena in TFTR
q-dependent, H-mode-like phenomena in TFTR Open
A new phenomenon has been observed in TFTR discharges with neutral beam injection and slowly ramped plasma current. When q/sub /psi// (a) reaches certain values close to low-order rational numbers, the D/sub ..cap alpha../ emission decreas…
View article: Reduction in TFTR (Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor) fusion reaction rate by unbalanced beam injection and rotation
Reduction in TFTR (Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor) fusion reaction rate by unbalanced beam injection and rotation Open
In TFTR plasmas at low to moderate density, the highest fusion energy gain Q/sub dd/ (D-D fusion power/injected power P/sub b/) is obtained with nearly balanced co- and counter-injection of neutral beams. For a given beam power, significan…
View article: Fission-detector determination of D-D triton burnup fraction in beam-heated TFTR (Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor) plasmas
Fission-detector determination of D-D triton burnup fraction in beam-heated TFTR (Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor) plasmas Open
After the end of a neutral-beam injection pulse into a low-density TFTR plasma, once the beam-injected deuterons have thermalized, the neutron emission is dominated by the 14-MeV neutron production from D-D triton burnup. Ordinary fission …
View article: High-temperature plasmas in a tokamak fusion test reactor
High-temperature plasmas in a tokamak fusion test reactor Open
Neutral-beam heating of plasmas in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor at low preinjection densities [ne(0)1019 m-3] were characterized by Te(0)=6.5 keV, Ti(0)=20 keV, ne(0)=7Ã1019 m-3, E=170 msec, theta=2, and a d(d,n)3He neutron emission ra…
View article: Measurements of fusion product emission profiles in tokamaks
Measurements of fusion product emission profiles in tokamaks Open
The techniques and results of fusion product emission profile measurements are reviewed. While neutron source strength profile measurements have been attempted by several methods, neutron scattering is a limitation to the results. Profile …
View article: Fusion-neutron production in the TFTR with deuterium neutral beam injection
Fusion-neutron production in the TFTR with deuterium neutral beam injection Open
We report measurements of the fusion reaction rate in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) covering a wide range of plasma conditions and injected neutral beam powers up to 6.3 MW. The fusion-neutron production rate in beam-injected plas…
View article: Charge-exchange and fusion reaction measurements during compression experiments with neutral beam heating in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor
Charge-exchange and fusion reaction measurements during compression experiments with neutral beam heating in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor Open
Adiabatic toroidal compression experiments were performed in conjunction with high power neutral beam injection in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR). Acceleration of beam ions to energies nearly twice the injection energy was measured…
View article: Acceleration of Beam Ions during Major-Radius Compression in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor
Acceleration of Beam Ions during Major-Radius Compression in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor Open
Tangentially coinjected deuterium beam ions were accelerated from 82 up to 150 keV during a major-radius compression experiment in the tokamak fusion test reactor. The ion energy spectra and the variation in fusion yield were in good agree…
View article: Acceleration of beam ions during major radius compression in TFTR
Acceleration of beam ions during major radius compression in TFTR Open
Tangentially co-injected deuterium beam ions were accelerated from 82 keV up to 150 keV during a major radius compression experiment in TFTR. The ion energy spectra and the variation in fusion yield were in good agreement with Fokker-Planc…
View article: Fusion gamma diagnostics for D-T and D-/sup 3/He plasmas
Fusion gamma diagnostics for D-T and D-/sup 3/He plasmas Open
Nuclear reactions of interest in controlled thermonuclear fusion research often possess a branch yielding prompt emission of gamma radiation. In principle, the gamma emission can be exploited to provide a new fusion diagnostic offering mea…
View article: Current-driven instabilities and resultant anomalous effects in isothermal, inhomogeneous plasmas
Current-driven instabilities and resultant anomalous effects in isothermal, inhomogeneous plasmas Open
The evolution and effects of current-driven instabilities in isothermal, inhomogeneous plasmas are investigated in both theory and experiment. Successive destabilizations of four different instabilities, low-frequency drift wave, ion-cyclo…
View article: Electrostatic ion cyclotron instabilities driven by parallel ion beam injection
Electrostatic ion cyclotron instabilities driven by parallel ion beam injection Open
The detailed identification is presented for two instabilities driven by an ion beam injected parallel to the confining magnetic field, a resonant ion cyclotron instability and a nonresonant ion cyclotron drift wave driven by the beam'…
View article: Ion-beam-driven resonant ion cyclotron instability
Ion-beam-driven resonant ion cyclotron instability Open
The resonant ion-beam-driven electrostatic ion cyclotron instability is identified. Measured dispersion relation and onset vs. beam energy and density agree with numerical calculations based on a theory which includes beam acoustic terms. …