Harald Harmuth
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View article: Characterization of shear failure of refractory fireclay mortar joints using slant shear test at room temperature
Characterization of shear failure of refractory fireclay mortar joints using slant shear test at room temperature Open
Mortar joints are commonly used in industrial vessels to stabilize refractory linings. Quantification of their mechanical and thermomechanical behaviors is required for appropriate applications. In this study, slant shear tests of mortar j…
View article: Application of coupled CFD-DEM modelling in erosion study of cohesive materials: A case study of rotating finger test
Application of coupled CFD-DEM modelling in erosion study of cohesive materials: A case study of rotating finger test Open
The Erosion of cohesive materials due to fluid-induced shear stress at the liquid-solid interface is a continuous wear mechanism. The erosion resistance of cohesive materials is largely influenced by the strength of the bonds between parti…
View article: Dissolution of Magnesia in Silicate Melts and Diffusivity Determination from CLSM Studies
Dissolution of Magnesia in Silicate Melts and Diffusivity Determination from CLSM Studies Open
Magnesia is one of the vital and extensively used refractory components. In this study, the dissolution of magnesia is investigated at 1450, 1500, and 1550 °C in three silicate slags in the CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO system using high-temperature …
View article: Creep strain recovery of an in situ spinel-forming refractory castable under loading/unloading compressive creep conditions
Creep strain recovery of an in situ spinel-forming refractory castable under loading/unloading compressive creep conditions Open
Creep strain recovery after unloading has been well studied for metals and certain ceramic composites; however, it has not yet been investigated for ordinary ceramic refractories applied in industrial furnaces. The present study explores t…
View article: Anisotropy of fracture mechanical properties of carbon-containing refractories and its impact on cracking in a steel ladle lining
Anisotropy of fracture mechanical properties of carbon-containing refractories and its impact on cracking in a steel ladle lining Open
Cracks are occasionally observed in bricks installed in steel ladle sidewalls. Three magnesia-carbon refractories used in steel ladles were investigated in terms of the anisotropy of the mechanical properties and their possible contributio…
View article: Quantification of Magnesia Dissolution in Silicate Melts and Diffusivity Determination Using Rotating Finger Test
Quantification of Magnesia Dissolution in Silicate Melts and Diffusivity Determination Using Rotating Finger Test Open
Refractories exposed to corrosive melts at high temperatures experience wear due to dissolution. The presented work deals with the dynamic corrosion of magnesia fine ceramics in a CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO silicate slag with a CaO/SiO2 weight rat…
View article: Method for inverse calculation of erosion parameters in slag-refractory systems
Method for inverse calculation of erosion parameters in slag-refractory systems Open
Refractory erosion due to fluid flow is caused by the shear stresses acting on the liquid/solid interface. This mechanism of continuous wear has not been extensively investigated based on appropriate physical considerations. This study pro…
View article: Thermomechanical finite element modeling of steel ladle containing alumina spinel refractory lining
Thermomechanical finite element modeling of steel ladle containing alumina spinel refractory lining Open
Refractory linings are used in steel ladles in iron and steel industry, to protect the vessel structure from the molten steel (with temperature above 1600 °C). To increase the durability of the refractory lining, researching the possible f…
View article: Creep characterization and modelling of ordinary refractory ceramics under combined compression and shear loading conditions
Creep characterization and modelling of ordinary refractory ceramics under combined compression and shear loading conditions Open
Creep behaviour of ordinary refractory ceramics is evidently asymmetric under uniaxial tension and compression. In service, they are often exposed to multiaxial stress states. In the present paper, the modified shear test specimens were ap…
View article: Discrete element modelling of ordinary refractory ceramics under cold crushing testing: Influence of minimum element size
Discrete element modelling of ordinary refractory ceramics under cold crushing testing: Influence of minimum element size Open
Ordinary refractory ceramics comprise aggregates and fines of different sizes. Reasonable representation of fines in discrete element models is important for computation efficiency and obtaining representative results. In this study, diffe…
View article: Application of an improved testing device for the study of alumina dissolution in silicate slag
Application of an improved testing device for the study of alumina dissolution in silicate slag Open
This study entailed a dissolution study of alumina fine ceramics in a CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO silicate slag system with a CaO/SiO2 weight ratio of 0.65. Finger-test experiments with several corrosion steps were carried out in a contemporary con…
View article: Method for determination of mass transfer coefficients for dissolution of dense ceramics in liquid slags
Method for determination of mass transfer coefficients for dissolution of dense ceramics in liquid slags Open
This paper presents a numerical method to determine the mass transfer coefficients in the dissolution of dense ceramics in liquid slags. Simulations are based on a typical rotating finger test as the experimental set-up, where a cylindrica…
View article: Method for determination of effective binary diffusivities in dissolution of dense ceramic materials
Method for determination of effective binary diffusivities in dissolution of dense ceramic materials Open
A method is proposed to determine the effective binary diffusivities in a dissolution of dense ceramics in liquid slags. This is achieved by combining computational fluid dynamics with a boundary layer approach to overcome the resolution p…
View article: Investigation of three-stage compressive creep of a spinel forming refractory castable containing 8% MgO
Investigation of three-stage compressive creep of a spinel forming refractory castable containing 8% MgO Open
A spinel forming castable with an initial MgO content of 8%, commonly applied in refractory linings in the steel industry, was characterised with regard to the creep behaviour. Three creep stages were observed for 1300, 1400, and 1500 °C f…
View article: Phase formation in MgO-C refractories with different antioxidants
Phase formation in MgO-C refractories with different antioxidants Open
The application of Al or Si as antioxidants in MgO-C refractories leads to the in situ formation of new phases. Due to uncertainties regarding phase formation in some references four different test series were heat treated from 800 to 1600…
View article: Combined damaged elasticity and creep modeling of ceramics with wedge splitting tests
Combined damaged elasticity and creep modeling of ceramics with wedge splitting tests Open
During the crack propagation in common refractory ceramics at high temperatures, creep may occur in the wake of a process zone and in front of a crack tip. To account for this phenomenon, an integrated material constitutive model was devel…
View article: Asymmetric creep modeling of common refractory ceramics with high temperature wedge splitting test
Asymmetric creep modeling of common refractory ceramics with high temperature wedge splitting test Open
Common refractory ceramics display significant asymmetric creep behavior at high temperatures under uniaxial loading conditions. This study introduces an advanced asymmetric creep model based on the stress path in the hydrostatic pressure–…
View article: Design, operation and evaluation of an improved refractory wear testing technique
Design, operation and evaluation of an improved refractory wear testing technique Open
A newly developed Continuous Wear Testing Device (CWTD) based on a rotating cylinder specimen enables in-situ wear rate measurements of fine ceramic dissolution in slags. A corroding fine ceramic sample is measured several times during a c…
View article: A comparison of two damage models for inverse identification of mode Ⅰ fracture parameters: Case study of a refractory ceramic
A comparison of two damage models for inverse identification of mode Ⅰ fracture parameters: Case study of a refractory ceramic Open
Fracture behavior of refractories influences their durability in high-temperature applications to a great extent. The fictitious crack model has been used for simulation of the fracture process of refractories and concrete materials. The p…
View article: Statistical study of compressive creep parameters of an alumina spinel refractory
Statistical study of compressive creep parameters of an alumina spinel refractory Open
Refractory microstructure and phase composition play important roles in the creep resistance of refractories at high temperatures. The production processing causes heterogeneity of refractory microstructure, which affects the determination…
View article: Wedge-Splitting Test on Carbon-Containing Refractories at High Temperatures
Wedge-Splitting Test on Carbon-Containing Refractories at High Temperatures Open
The mode I fracture behavior of ordinary refractory materials is usually tested with the wedge-splitting test. At elevated temperatures, the optical displacement measurement is difficult because of the convection in the furnace and possibl…
View article: Automated break temperature determination of mould slags for the continuous casting of steel based on temperature-dependent viscosity data
Automated break temperature determination of mould slags for the continuous casting of steel based on temperature-dependent viscosity data Open
The continuous casting process of steels is mainly influenced by the infiltration of mould slag into the gap between the strand and the mould and the temperature-dependent solidification behaviour of the slag. Thus, measurements of the tem…
View article: Influence of Variation/Response Space Complexity and Variable Completeness on BP-ANN Model Establishment: Case Study of Steel Ladle Lining
Influence of Variation/Response Space Complexity and Variable Completeness on BP-ANN Model Establishment: Case Study of Steel Ladle Lining Open
Artificial neural network (ANN) is widely applied as a predictive tool to solve complex problems. The performance of an ANN model is significantly affected by the applied architectural parameters such as the node number in a hidden layer, …
View article: Creep testing of carbon containing refractories under reducing conditions
Creep testing of carbon containing refractories under reducing conditions Open
Mechanical testing of carbon containing refractories at high temperatures requires measures to protect the sample from oxidation. Therefore, special setups for tensile and compressive creep testing were developed to prevent the oxidation o…
View article: Thermal and Thermomechanical Responses Prediction of a Steel Ladle Using a Back‐Propagation Artificial Neural Network Combining Multiple Orthogonal Arrays
Thermal and Thermomechanical Responses Prediction of a Steel Ladle Using a Back‐Propagation Artificial Neural Network Combining Multiple Orthogonal Arrays Open
To facilitate industrial vessel lining design for various material properties and lining configurations, a method, being composed of the back‐propagation artificial neural network (BP‐ANN) with multiple orthogonal arrays, is developed, and…
View article: Identification of secondary raw materials in mold powders and their melting behavior
Identification of secondary raw materials in mold powders and their melting behavior Open
Commercial mold powders use a limited number of main mineral constituents, but may differ significantly in chemical composition. The main mineral raw materials of specimens investigated here are quartz, fluorite and free carbon, as well as…
View article: High-temperature investigation of mould slag crystallization by single and double hot thermocouple techniques
High-temperature investigation of mould slag crystallization by single and double hot thermocouple techniques Open
Methods for the characterization of mould slag crystallization with special emphasis on the single/double hot thermocouple technique (SHTT/DHTT) are reviewed. In the continuous casting process of steels, horizontal heat transfer is mainly …