Harry M. Cullings
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View article: History and current developments of RERF dosimetry
History and current developments of RERF dosimetry Open
Studies of the health effects among Japanese atomic bomb survivors, including radiation-induced carcinogenesis, necessitate accurate radiation dose estimates for individual survivors from the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings. Efforts toward…
View article: Recommendations on statistical approaches to account for dose uncertainties in radiation epidemiologic risk models
Recommendations on statistical approaches to account for dose uncertainties in radiation epidemiologic risk models Open
Each of the method has strengths and weaknesses, and some methods have limited applicability. We describe the types of uncertainty to which each method can be applied and its pros and cons. Finally, we provide summary recommendations and t…
View article: A Historical Survey of Key Epidemiological Studies of Ionizing Radiation Exposure
A Historical Survey of Key Epidemiological Studies of Ionizing Radiation Exposure Open
In this article we review the history of key epidemiological studies of populations exposed to ionizing radiation. We highlight historical and recent findings regarding radiation-associated risks for incidence and mortality of cancer and n…
View article: The Use of Joint Models in Analysis of Aggregate Endpoints in RERF Cohort Studies
The Use of Joint Models in Analysis of Aggregate Endpoints in RERF Cohort Studies Open
In radiation risk estimation based on the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) cohort studies, one common analysis is Poisson regression on radiation dose and background and effect modifying variables of an aggregate endpoint such …
View article: Fetal and Maternal Atomic Bomb Survivor Dosimetry Using the J45 Pregnant Female Phantom Series: Considerations of the Kneeling and Lying Posture with Comparisons to the DS02 System
Fetal and Maternal Atomic Bomb Survivor Dosimetry Using the J45 Pregnant Female Phantom Series: Considerations of the Kneeling and Lying Posture with Comparisons to the DS02 System Open
Organ dosimetry data of the atomic bomb survivors and the resulting cancer risk models derived from these data are currently assessed within the DS02 dosimetry system developed through the Joint US–Japan Dosimetry Working Group. In DS02, t…
View article: Japanese pediatric and adult atomic bomb survivor dosimetry: potential improvements using the J45 phantom series and modern Monte Carlo transport
Japanese pediatric and adult atomic bomb survivor dosimetry: potential improvements using the J45 phantom series and modern Monte Carlo transport Open
The radiation exposure estimates for the atomic bomb survivors at Hiroshima and Nagasaki have evolved over the past several decades, reflecting a constant strive by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) to provide thorough dosim…
View article: Yamada et al. Respond to “Radiation and Reproductive Health”
Yamada et al. Respond to “Radiation and Reproductive Health” Open
View article: Introduction to the Second Bill Morgan Memorial Special Issue: an update on low dose biology, epidemiology, its integration and implications for radiation protection
Introduction to the Second Bill Morgan Memorial Special Issue: an update on low dose biology, epidemiology, its integration and implications for radiation protection Open
Dr. William Francis Morgan, known as Bill by many of his friends and colleagues, was a leading figure in the field of radiation research. He passed away on 13 November 2015, at the age of 62 years ...
View article: Congenital Malformations and Perinatal Deaths Among the Children of Atomic Bomb Survivors: A Reappraisal
Congenital Malformations and Perinatal Deaths Among the Children of Atomic Bomb Survivors: A Reappraisal Open
From 1948 to 1954, the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission conducted a study of pregnancy outcomes among births to atomic bomb survivors (Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan) who had received radiation doses ranging from 0 Gy to near-lethal levels. …
View article: Summary of Radiation Research Society Online 66th Annual Meeting, Symposium on “Epidemiology: Updates on epidemiological low dose studies,” including discussion
Summary of Radiation Research Society Online 66th Annual Meeting, Symposium on “Epidemiology: Updates on epidemiological low dose studies,” including discussion Open
Cancer risk is thought to be the main health risk of low-level ionizing radiation exposure (Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation 2006; United Nations S...
View article: Lifetime Mortality Risk from Cancer and Circulatory Disease Predicted from the Japanese Atomic Bomb Survivor Life Span Study Data Taking Account of Dose Measurement Error
Lifetime Mortality Risk from Cancer and Circulatory Disease Predicted from the Japanese Atomic Bomb Survivor Life Span Study Data Taking Account of Dose Measurement Error Open
Dosimetric measurement error is known to potentially bias the magnitude of the dose response, and can also affect the shape of dose response. In this report, generalized relative and absolute rate models are fitted to the latest Japanese a…
View article: Causal mediation analysis in nested case‐control studies using conditional logistic regression
Causal mediation analysis in nested case‐control studies using conditional logistic regression Open
The paper proposes an approach to causal mediation analysis in nested case‐control study designs, often incorporated with countermatching schemes using conditional likelihood, and we compare the method's performance to that of mediation an…
View article: Modifying Effect of Chronic Atrophic Gastritis on Radiation Risk for Noncardia Gastric Cancer According to Histological Type
Modifying Effect of Chronic Atrophic Gastritis on Radiation Risk for Noncardia Gastric Cancer According to Histological Type Open
The findings from previously published studies have suggested that radiation exposure is associated with increased mortality and incidence of gastric cancer. However, few cohort studies have incorporated risk factors such as Helicobacter p…
View article: Epidemiological Studies of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation and Cancer: Summary Bias Assessment and Meta-Analysis
Epidemiological Studies of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation and Cancer: Summary Bias Assessment and Meta-Analysis Open
Background Ionizing radiation is an established carcinogen, but risks from low-dose exposures are controversial. Since the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation VII review of the epidemiological data in 2006, many subsequent publication…
View article: Epidemiological Studies of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation and Cancer: Rationale and Framework for the Monograph and Overview of Eligible Studies
Epidemiological Studies of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation and Cancer: Rationale and Framework for the Monograph and Overview of Eligible Studies Open
Whether low-dose ionizing radiation can cause cancer is a critical and long-debated question in radiation protection. Since the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation report by the National Academies in 2006, new publications from large,…
View article: Characteristics of induced mutations in offspring derived from irradiated mouse spermatogonia and mature oocytes
Characteristics of induced mutations in offspring derived from irradiated mouse spermatogonia and mature oocytes Open
The exposure of germ cells to radiation introduces mutations in the genomes of offspring, and a previous whole-genome sequencing study indicated that the irradiation of mouse sperm induces insertions/deletions (indels) and multisite mutati…
View article: Strengths and Weaknesses of Dosimetry Used in Studies of Low-Dose Radiation Exposure and Cancer
Strengths and Weaknesses of Dosimetry Used in Studies of Low-Dose Radiation Exposure and Cancer Open
Background A monograph systematically evaluating recent evidence on the dose-response relationship between low-dose ionizing radiation exposure and cancer risk required a critical appraisal of dosimetry methods in 26 potentially informativ…
View article: Assessing the Relative Biological Effectiveness of Neutrons across Organs of Varying Depth among the Atomic Bomb Survivors
Assessing the Relative Biological Effectiveness of Neutrons across Organs of Varying Depth among the Atomic Bomb Survivors Open
When assessing radiation-related risk among the atomic bomb survivors, choices in modeling approach can have an important impact on the results, which are then used to inform radiation protection standards throughout the world. The atomic …
View article: Effect of Heterogeneity in Background Incidence on Inference about the Solid-Cancer Radiation Dose Response in Atomic Bomb Survivors
Effect of Heterogeneity in Background Incidence on Inference about the Solid-Cancer Radiation Dose Response in Atomic Bomb Survivors Open
A recent analysis of solid cancer incidence in the Life Span Study of atomic bomb survivors (Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan) found evidence of a nonlinear, upwardly curving radiation dose response among males but not among females. Further …
View article: Association of Weight Fluctuation With Mortality in Japanese Adults
Association of Weight Fluctuation With Mortality in Japanese Adults Open
The findings suggest that an association exists between weight variation and heart disease mortality and that weight loss interventions, if deemed to be necessary, should be considered carefully.
View article: Correction to: Dose–responses for mortality from cerebrovascular and heart diseases in atomic bomb survivors: 1950–2003
Correction to: Dose–responses for mortality from cerebrovascular and heart diseases in atomic bomb survivors: 1950–2003 Open
View article: Dosimetric Impact of a New Computational Voxel Phantom Series for the Japanese Atomic Bomb Survivors: Children and Adults
Dosimetric Impact of a New Computational Voxel Phantom Series for the Japanese Atomic Bomb Survivors: Children and Adults Open
One of the largest sources of data on radiation exposure in humans is the study of the atomic bomb survivors at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan performed by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF). As part of their retrospective dos…
View article: Epidemiological studies of atomic bomb radiation at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation
Epidemiological studies of atomic bomb radiation at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation Open
Epidemiological studies of people who were exposed to atomic bomb radiation and their children who were conceived after parental exposure to radiation (F1) have investigated late health effects of atomic bomb radiation and its t…
View article: Increased risk of skin cancer in Japanese heterozygotes of xeroderma pigmentosum group A
Increased risk of skin cancer in Japanese heterozygotes of xeroderma pigmentosum group A Open
View article: Population Density in Hiroshima and Nagasaki Before the Bombings in 1945: Its Measurement and Impact on Radiation Risk Estimates in the Life Span Study of Atomic Bomb Survivors
Population Density in Hiroshima and Nagasaki Before the Bombings in 1945: Its Measurement and Impact on Radiation Risk Estimates in the Life Span Study of Atomic Bomb Survivors Open
In the Life Span Study cohort of atomic bomb survivors, differences in urbanicity between high-dose and low-dose survivors could confound the association between radiation dose and adverse outcomes. We obtained data on the population distr…
View article: Typical doses and dose rates in studies pertinent to radiation risk inference at low doses and low dose rates
Typical doses and dose rates in studies pertinent to radiation risk inference at low doses and low dose rates Open
In order to quantify radiation risks at exposure scenarios relevant for radiation protection, often extrapolation of data obtained at high doses and high dose rates down to low doses and low dose rates is needed. Task Group TG91 on 'Radiat…
View article: Dose-responses for mortality from cerebrovascular and heart diseases in atomic bomb survivors: 1950–2003
Dose-responses for mortality from cerebrovascular and heart diseases in atomic bomb survivors: 1950–2003 Open
View article: Effect of follow-up period on minimal-significant dose in the atomic-bomb survivor studies
Effect of follow-up period on minimal-significant dose in the atomic-bomb survivor studies Open
View article: Simulation–Extrapolation for Bias Correction with Exposure Uncertainty in Radiation Risk Analysis Utilizing Grouped Data
Simulation–Extrapolation for Bias Correction with Exposure Uncertainty in Radiation Risk Analysis Utilizing Grouped Data Open
Summary In observational epidemiological studies, the exposure that is received by an individual often cannot be precisely observed, resulting in measurement error, and a common approach to dealing with measurement error is regression cali…
View article: Solid Cancer Incidence among the Life Span Study of Atomic Bomb Survivors: 1958–2009
Solid Cancer Incidence among the Life Span Study of Atomic Bomb Survivors: 1958–2009 Open
This is the third analysis of solid cancer incidence among the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort of atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, adding eleven years of follow-up data since the previously reported analysis. For this analysis…