Explanipedia

Comprehensive language-image pre-training for 3D medical image understanding Open

Tassilo Wald, İbrahim Ethem Hamamcı, Yuan Gao, Sam Bond-Taylor, Harshita Sharma , et al. · 2025

Vision-language pre-training, i.e., aligning images with paired text, is a powerful paradigm to create encoders that can be directly used for tasks such as classification and retrieval, and for downstream tasks such as segmentation and rep…

Data Scaling Laws for Radiology Foundation Models Open

Maximilian Ilse, Harshita Sharma, Anton Schwaighofer, Sam Bond-Taylor, Fernando Pérez‐García , et al. · 2025

Foundation vision encoders such as CLIP and DINOv2, trained on web-scale data, exhibit strong transfer performance across tasks and datasets. However, medical imaging foundation models remain constrained by smaller datasets, limiting our u…

Lunguage: A Benchmark for Structured and Sequential Chest X-ray Interpretation Open

Jong Hak Moon, G.S. Choi, Paloma Rabaey, Min Gwan Kim, Haiping Hong , et al. · 2025

Radiology reports convey detailed clinical observations and capture diagnostic reasoning that evolves over time. However, existing evaluation methods are limited to single-report settings and rely on coarse metrics that fail to capture fin…

MedHELM: Holistic Evaluation of Large Language Models for Medical Tasks Open

Suhana Bedi, Hejie Cui, Miguel Fuentes, Alyssa Unell, Michael Wornow , et al. · 2025

While large language models (LLMs) achieve near-perfect scores on medical licensing exams, these evaluations inadequately reflect the complexity and diversity of real-world clinical practice. We introduce MedHELM, an extensible evaluation …

Machine Learning in Healthcare: A Comparative Review of Techniques and Applications Open

Harshita Sharma, Kishori Lal Bansal · 2025

The rise of machine learning has profoundly impacted healthcare, enhancing the interpretation and utilization of medical data. It emphasizes how machine learning may improve diagnosis accuracy, maximize treatment choices, and advance preci…

Extract from endophytic Fusarium isolates stimulates seed germination of the host and protocorm development of non-host orchids Open

Sujit Shah, Mukti Ram Paudel, Bir Bahadur Thapa, Harshita Sharma, Arun Kumar Kashyap , et al. · 2024

We isolated endophytic Fusarium strains from the healthy roots, stems, and leaves of Dendrobium moschatum to investigate their plant growth-promoting activities in vitro. Subsequently, Indole acetic acid (IAA) was quantified …

MAIRA-Seg: Enhancing Radiology Report Generation with Segmentation-Aware Multimodal Large Language Models Open

Harshita Sharma, Valentina Salvatelli, Shaury Srivastav, Kenza Bouzid, Shruthi Bannur , et al. · 2024

There is growing interest in applying AI to radiology report generation, particularly for chest X-rays (CXRs). This paper investigates whether incorporating pixel-level information through segmentation masks can improve fine-grained image …

ENHANCING HEAT RESILIENCE OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN DELHI NCR THROUGH CROSS VENTILATION Open

Deepashree Choudhury, Harshita Sharma · 2024

In regions characterized by extreme temperatures like the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR), ensuring the heat resilience of affordable housing is paramount for the well-being and comfort of residents. This research paper investigates th…

MAIRA-2: Grounded Radiology Report Generation Open

Shruthi Bannur, Kenza Bouzid, Daniel C. Castro, Anton Schwaighofer, Sam Bond-Taylor , et al. · 2024

Radiology reporting is a complex task requiring detailed medical image understanding and precise language generation, for which generative multimodal models offer a promising solution. However, to impact clinical practice, models must achi…

Multimodal Healthcare AI: Identifying and Designing Clinically Relevant Vision-Language Applications for Radiology Open

Nur Yildirim, Hannah Richardson, Maria Teodora Wetscherek, Junaid Bajwa, Joseph Jacob , et al. · 2024

Recent advances in AI combine large language models (LLMs) with vision encoders that bring forward unprecedented technical capabilities to leverage for a wide range of healthcare applications. Focusing on the domain of radiology, vision-la…

Challenges for Responsible AI Design and Workflow Integration in Healthcare: A Case Study of Automatic Feeding Tube Qualification in Radiology Open

Anja Thieme, Abhijith Rajamohan, Benjamin T. Cooper, Heather Groombridge, Robert Simister , et al. · 2024

Nasogastric tubes (NGTs) are feeding tubes that are inserted through the nose into the stomach to deliver nutrition or medication. If not placed correctly, they can cause serious harm, even death to patients. Recent AI developments demonst…

Enabling large-scale screening of Barrett’s esophagus using weakly supervised deep learning in histopathology Open

Kenza Bouzid, Harshita Sharma, Sarah Killcoyne, Daniel C. Castro, Anton Schwaighofer , et al. · 2024

Exploring scalable medical image encoders beyond text supervision Open

Fernando Pérez‐García, Harshita Sharma, Sam Bond-Taylor, Kenza Bouzid, Valentina Salvatelli , et al. · 2024

Language-supervised pre-training has proven to be a valuable method for extracting semantically meaningful features from images, serving as a foundational element in multimodal systems within the computer vision and medical imaging domains…

Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy of Metallosurfactant-Fluorescein Conjugate Under Visible Light Illumination Open

Preeti Garg, Harshita Sharma, Rakesh Sehgal, Upninder Kaur, Varinder Garg , et al. · 2024

RadEdit: stress-testing biomedical vision models via diffusion image editing Open

Fernando Pérez‐García, Sam Bond-Taylor, Pedro P. Sanchez, Boris van Breugel, Daniel C. Castro , et al. · 2023

Biomedical imaging datasets are often small and biased, meaning that real-world performance of predictive models can be substantially lower than expected from internal testing. This work proposes using generative image editing to simulate …

Verb Categorisation for Hindi Word Problem Solving Open

Harshita Sharma, Pruthwik Mishra, Dipti Misra Sharma · 2023

Word problem Solving is a challenging NLP task that deals with solving mathematical problems described in natural language. Recently, there has been renewed interest in developing word problem solvers for Indian languages. As part of this …

Antiparasitic effect of Farnesol against Leishmania major: A rationale from in vitro and in silico investigations Open

Harshita Sharma, Rakesh Sehgal, Nishant Shekhar, Gaurav Shoeran, Upninder Kaur , et al. · 2023

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by the infective bite of female Phlebotomine sandflies. Treatment of leishmaniasis by conventional synthetic compounds is met by challenges pertaining to adverse effects which call…

Introduction of Reinforcement Learning and Its Application Across Different Domain Open

Harshita Sharma, Hritik Kumar, Rashmi Pandey · 2023

In the modern era of rapid development in Deep Neural Networks, Reinforcement Learning (RL) has evolved into a pivotal and transformative technology. RL, a learning process where these machine agent interacts with several unknown environme…

Exploring the Boundaries of GPT-4 in Radiology Open

Qianchu Liu, Stephanie L. Hyland, Shruthi Bannur, Kenza Bouzid, Daniel C. Castro , et al. · 2023

The recent success of general-domain large language models (LLMs) has significantly changed the natural language processing paradigm towards a unified foundation model across domains and applications. In this paper, we focus on assessing t…

Evaluation of farnesol orally and topically against experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis: In -vivo analysis Open

Harshita Sharma, Rakesh Sehgal, Sanjay Jhacak, Kirti Nandkumar Deshmukh, Ritambhra Nada · 2023

Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease transmitted by an obligate intra-macrophage protozoan of the genus Leishmania through the infective bite of a vector sandfly. This study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of farnesol, a sesquiterpene…

Enabling large-scale screening of Barrett’s esophagus using weakly supervised deep learning in histopathology Open

Kenza Bouzid, Harshita Sharma, Sarah Killcoyne, Daniel C. Castro, Anton Schwaighofer , et al. · 2023

Timely detection of Barrett’s esophagus, the pre-malignant condition of esophageal adenocarcinoma, can improve patient survival rates. The Cytosponge-TFF3 test, a non-endoscopic minimally invasive procedure, has been used for diagnosing in…

Vincristine, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy induced oral chronic hyperplastic candidiasis and xerostomia in a young patient with Ewing’s sarcoma: A case report Open

Harshita Sharma, Charisma Thimmaiah, Almas Binnal, Manoj Kumar Golla, Suprabha BS · 2023

A common primary bone malignancy in childhood and adolescence is Ewing’s sarcoma. Here we report multidisciplinary approach in the management of chronic hyperplastic candidiasis and xerostomia secondary to chemotherapy with vincristine, do…

Clinical and Radiological Evaluation of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Open

Nitish Baisakhiya, Harshita Sharma, Sujata Maini, Gaurav Batni, Anusha Shukla Pandey , et al. · 2023

Introduction The diagnosis of rhinosinusitis is based on clinical grounds having characteristic symptoms, combined with objective evidence of mucosal inflammation. We studied the corelation between the symptoms of the patients, clinical an…

Learning to Exploit Temporal Structure for Biomedical Vision-Language Processing Open

Shruthi Bannur, Stephanie L. Hyland, Qianchu Liu, Fernando Pérez‐García, Maximilian Ilse , et al. · 2023

Self-supervised learning in vision-language processing exploits semantic alignment between imaging and text modalities. Prior work in biomedical VLP has mostly relied on the alignment of single image and report pairs even though clinical n…

Exploring the Boundaries of GPT-4 in Radiology Open

Qianchu Liu, Stephanie L. Hyland, Shruthi Bannur, Kenza Bouzid, Daniel C. Castro , et al. · 2023

Qianchu Liu, Stephanie Hyland, Shruthi Bannur, Kenza Bouzid, Daniel Castro, Maria Wetscherek, Robert Tinn, Harshita Sharma, Fernando Pérez-García, Anton Schwaighofer, Pranav Rajpurkar, Sameer Khanna, Hoifung Poon, Naoto Usuyama, Anja Thiem…

Antiparasitic effect of Farnesol against Leishmania major: a rationale from in vitro and in silico investigations Open

Harshita Sharma, Rakesh Sehgal, Nishant Shekhar, Upninder Kaur, Bikash Medhi · 2022

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by the bite of female Phlebotomine sandflies. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates 100,000 cases to be reported annually on a global scale, moreover, 13 million people were in…

Antiparasitic effect of Farnesol against Leishmania major: a rationale from in vitro and in silico investigations Open

Harshita Sharma, Rakesh Sehgal, Nihant Shekhar, Upninder Kaur, Bikash Medhi · 2022

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by the bite of female Phlebotomine sandflies. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates 100,000 cases to be reported annually on a global scale, moreover, 13 million people were in…

TRANSDERMAL NITROGLYCERIN PATCH AND ITS EFFECT ON DIEP FREE FLAP : A CASE REPORT Open

Harshita Sharma, Ashwhn Charaniya, Nandita Gautam · 2022

There may occasionally be venous congestion in a free flap lacking venous anastomosis blockage or other biological causes of decreased venous drainage (hematoma, seroma compressing the pedicle). The researchers advise applying a nitroglyce…

Gaze-assisted automatic captioning of fetal ultrasound videos using three-way multi-modal deep neural networks Open

Mohammad Alsharid, Yifan Cai, Harshita Sharma, Lior Drukker, Aris T. Papageorghiou , et al. · 2022

In this work, we present a novel gaze-assisted natural language processing (NLP)-based video captioning model to describe routine second-trimester fetal ultrasound scan videos in a vocabulary of spoken sonography. The primary novelty of ou…

Clinical workflow of sonographers performing fetal anomaly ultrasound scans: deep‐learning‐based analysis Open

Lior Drukker, Harshita Sharma, J. Karim, Richard Droste, J. Alison Noble , et al. · 2022

Objective Despite decades of obstetric scanning, the field of sonographer workflow remains largely unexplored. In the second trimester, sonographers use scan guidelines to guide their acquisition of standard planes and structures; however,…

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