Michelle G. Hawkins
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View article: Economically Feasible Mass Production of Egg Yolk Powder Tablets (Chicken IgY) for Global COVID-19 Transmission Prevention
Economically Feasible Mass Production of Egg Yolk Powder Tablets (Chicken IgY) for Global COVID-19 Transmission Prevention Open
View article: Chlamydial infections in free-ranging raptors presenting to a university veterinary medical teaching hospital (1993–2022)
Chlamydial infections in free-ranging raptors presenting to a university veterinary medical teaching hospital (1993–2022) Open
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence, clinical findings, lesions, and risk factors associated with chlamydial infections in free-ranging raptors presented to a university veterinary medical teaching hospital. METHODS Medical records retros…
View article: Sublethal Anticoagulant Rodenticide Exposure in Free-Living Raptors in Agroecosystems of California
Sublethal Anticoagulant Rodenticide Exposure in Free-Living Raptors in Agroecosystems of California Open
View article: PSIII-5 Confirmation of Passive Transfer of Anti-Endotoxin Igy in Neonatal Foals
PSIII-5 Confirmation of Passive Transfer of Anti-Endotoxin Igy in Neonatal Foals Open
Passive immune transfer in a newborn foal is highly dependent upon the quality and concentration of immunoglobulins (Ig) in maternal colostrum, primarily IgG. Anti-endotoxin IgY derived from chicken egg yolks has been used in calves to red…
View article: High bioavailability, short half-life, and metabolism into hydromorphone-3-glucuronide following single intramuscular and intravenous administration of hydromorphone hydrochloride to great horned owls (Bubo virginianus)
High bioavailability, short half-life, and metabolism into hydromorphone-3-glucuronide following single intramuscular and intravenous administration of hydromorphone hydrochloride to great horned owls (Bubo virginianus) Open
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of hydromorphone hydrochloride and its metabolite, hydromorphone-3-glucuronide (H3G), after a single IV and IM dose in great horned owls ( Bubo virginianus ). ANIMALS 6 healthy adult gr…
View article: Cannabis dosing and administration for sleep: a systematic review
Cannabis dosing and administration for sleep: a systematic review Open
Study objectives As cannabis is increasingly used to treat sleep disorders, we performed a systematic review to examine the effects of cannabis on sleep and to guide cannabis prescribers in their recommendations to patients, specifically f…
View article: Absorption of grapiprant in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) is decreased when administered with food
Absorption of grapiprant in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) is decreased when administered with food Open
OBJECTIVE Describe the pharmacokinetics of grapiprant administered orally with food to red-tailed hawks (RTHAs; Buteo jamaicensis ) and compare the results with previously described grapiprant pharmacokinetics administered without food in …
View article: Pharmacokinetics of pimobendan following oral administration to New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Pharmacokinetics of pimobendan following oral administration to New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Open
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics and potential adverse effects of pimobendan after oral administration in New Zealand White rabbits ( Ocytolagus cuniculi ). ANIMALS 10 adult sexually intact (5 males and 5 females) rabbits. PROCE…
View article: Diagnosis and treatment of Candida glabrata proventriculitis in an eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus)
Diagnosis and treatment of Candida glabrata proventriculitis in an eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) Open
CASE DESCRIPTION An 8-year-old sexually intact female eclectus parrot ( Eclectus roratus ) with a 4-day history of hyporexia and lethargy and a 1-day history of tenesmus was examined. CLINICAL FINDINGS Severe leukocytosis characterized by …
View article: Pharmacokinetics of grapiprant administered to red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) after food was withheld for 24 hours
Pharmacokinetics of grapiprant administered to red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) after food was withheld for 24 hours Open
OBJECTIVE To identify an oral dose of grapiprant for red-tailed hawks (RTHAs; Buteo jamaicensis ) that would achieve a plasma concentration > 164 ng/mL, which is considered therapeutic for dogs with osteoarthritis. ANIMALS 6 healthy adult …
View article: Chlamydia buteonis in birds of prey presented to California wildlife rehabilitation facilities
Chlamydia buteonis in birds of prey presented to California wildlife rehabilitation facilities Open
Chlamydial infections, caused by a group of obligate, intracellular, gram-negative bacteria, have health implications for animals and humans. Due to their highly infectious nature and zoonotic potential, staff at wildlife rehabilitation ce…
View article: Evaluation of deslorelin implant on subsequent mammary tumors of rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Evaluation of deslorelin implant on subsequent mammary tumors of rats (Rattus norvegicus) Open
Mammary fibroadenomas are one of the most common tumors of female companion rats (Rattus norvegicus forma domestica). The objectives of this study were to determine if subcutaneous administration of a deslorelin implant following excision …
View article: Founder events, isolation, and inbreeding: Intercontinental genetic structure of the domestic ferret
Founder events, isolation, and inbreeding: Intercontinental genetic structure of the domestic ferret Open
Domestication and breeding for human‐desired morphological traits can reduce population genetic diversity via founder events and artificial selection, resulting in inbreeding depression and genetic disorders. The ferret ( Mustela putorius …
View article: Differential Disease Susceptibilities in Experimentally Reptarenavirus-Infected Boa Constrictors and Ball Pythons
Differential Disease Susceptibilities in Experimentally Reptarenavirus-Infected Boa Constrictors and Ball Pythons Open
Inclusion body disease (IBD) is an infectious disease originally described in captive snakes. It has traditionally been diagnosed by the presence of large eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions and is associated with neurological, gastrointes…
View article: Description of the prevalence, histologic characteristics, concomitant abnormalities, and outcomes of mammary gland tumors in companion rats (Rattus norvegicus): 100 cases (1990–2015)
Description of the prevalence, histologic characteristics, concomitant abnormalities, and outcomes of mammary gland tumors in companion rats (Rattus norvegicus): 100 cases (1990–2015) Open
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence, histologic characteristics, concomitant abnormalities, and outcomes for various types of mammary gland tumors in companion rats ( Rattus norvegicus ). DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 100 clie…
View article: Widespread Recombination, Reassortment, and Transmission of Unbalanced Compound Viral Genotypes in Natural Arenavirus Infections
Widespread Recombination, Reassortment, and Transmission of Unbalanced Compound Viral Genotypes in Natural Arenavirus Infections Open
Arenaviruses are one of the largest families of human hemorrhagic fever viruses and are known to infect both mammals and snakes. Arenaviruses package a large (L) and small (S) genome segment in their virions. For segmented RNA viruses like…
View article: Effects of fentanyl on isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration in New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Effects of fentanyl on isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration in New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Open
OBJECTIVE To determine effects of increasing plasma fentanyl concentrations on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in rabbits. ANIMALS 6 adult female New Zealand White rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ). PROCEDURES Rabbit…
View article: Poikilocytosis in Rabbits: Prevalence, Type, and Association with Disease
Poikilocytosis in Rabbits: Prevalence, Type, and Association with Disease Open
Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are a popular companion animal, food animal, and animal model of human disease. Abnormal red cell shapes (poikilocytes) have been observed in rabbits, but their significance is unknown. The objective of this…
View article: Knemidocoptic Mange in Wild Golden Eagles, California, USA
Knemidocoptic Mange in Wild Golden Eagles, California, USA Open
During 2012-2013 in California, USA, 3 wild golden eagles were found with severe skin disease; 2 died. The cause was a rare mite, most closely related to Knemidocoptes derooi mites. Cautionary monitoring of eagle populations, habitats, and…
View article: <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>Isolates in 2 Pet Iguanas, California, USA
<i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>Isolates in 2 Pet Iguanas, California, USA Open
Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, was isolated from abscesses of 2 pet green iguanas in California, USA. The international trade in iguanas may contribute to importation of this pathogen into countries where it…
View article: Distribution and outcome of ocular lesions in snakes examined at a veterinary teaching hospital: 67 cases (1985–2010)
Distribution and outcome of ocular lesions in snakes examined at a veterinary teaching hospital: 67 cases (1985–2010) Open
Objective —To determine the distribution and clinical outcome of ocular lesions in snakes. Design —Retrospective case series. Animals —67 snakes with ocular lesions. Procedures —Signalment, lesion duration, diagnosis, treatment, and clinic…
View article: Evaluation of the effects of dorsal versus lateral recumbency on the cardiopulmonary system during anesthesia with isoflurane in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis)
Evaluation of the effects of dorsal versus lateral recumbency on the cardiopulmonary system during anesthesia with isoflurane in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) Open
Objective —To evaluate the effects of dorsal versus lateral recumbency on the cardiopulmonary system during isoflurane anesthesia in red-tailed hawks ( Buteo jamaicensis ). Animals —6 adult 1.1- to 1.6-kg red-tailed hawks. Procedures —A ra…
View article: Isolation and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers in the Domestic Ferret (Mustela putorius furo)
Isolation and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers in the Domestic Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) Open
The domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) is an important model organism for the study of avian influenza and other diseases of humans and animals, as well as a popular pet animal. In order to evaluate genetic diversity and study disease…
View article: Calculation of body surface area via computed tomography–guided modeling in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Calculation of body surface area via computed tomography–guided modeling in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Open
Objective —To optimize the use of CT-guided modeling for the calculation of body surface area (BSA) in domestic rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ). Animals —12 domestic rabbits. Procedures —Adult rabbits (body weight, 1 to > 4 kg) that were…
View article: Immune-mediated pure red cell aplasia in a domestic ferret
Immune-mediated pure red cell aplasia in a domestic ferret Open
Case Description —An 8-month-old spayed female domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was referred for examination to determine the cause of lethargy and severe anemia. Clinical Findings —Initial examination revealed that the ferret was l…
View article: 169 ALLOGRAFT SPONGE FILLS FOCAL DEFECTS AFTER ONE YEAR IN A GOAT MODEL
169 ALLOGRAFT SPONGE FILLS FOCAL DEFECTS AFTER ONE YEAR IN A GOAT MODEL Open
View article: Effect of body position on respiratory system volumes in anesthetized red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) as measured via computed tomography
Effect of body position on respiratory system volumes in anesthetized red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) as measured via computed tomography Open
Objective —To determine the effects of body position on lung and air-sac volumes in anesthetized and spontaneously breathing red-tailed hawks ( Buteo jamaicensis ). Animals —6 adult red-tailed hawks (sex unknown). Procedures —A crossover s…
View article: Stability and uniformity of extemporaneous preparations of voriconazole in two liquid suspension vehicles at two storage temperatures
Stability and uniformity of extemporaneous preparations of voriconazole in two liquid suspension vehicles at two storage temperatures Open
Objective —To determine the stability and distribution of voriconazole in 2 extemporaneously prepared (compounded) suspensions stored for 30 days at 2 temperatures. Sample Population —Voriconazole suspensions (40 mg/mL) compounded from com…
View article: Enantioselective pharmacokinetics of racemic carprofen in New Zealand white rabbits
Enantioselective pharmacokinetics of racemic carprofen in New Zealand white rabbits Open
The enantioselective pharmacokinetics of single dose (2 mg/kg) racemic carprofen (CPF) were evaluated in adult New Zealand white rabbits after intravenous (i.v.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) dose. Six rabbits were utilized in a two‐way randomiz…
View article: Results of cytologic and microbiologic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in New Zealand White rabbits
Results of cytologic and microbiologic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in New Zealand White rabbits Open
Objective —To determine cytologic and microbiologic findings in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and Sp O 2 values obtained during BAL in healthy rabbits. Animals —9 rabbits. Procedures —Bronchoscopic BAL of left and right caudal lobar b…