Hazel Stewart
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View article: Efficacy and potential human and economic impact of a broadly protective betacoronavirus vaccine
Efficacy and potential human and economic impact of a broadly protective betacoronavirus vaccine Open
Within two decades, three different betacoronaviruses (β-CoV) have spilled over from animals to humans causing high consequence diseases, the most recent causing the COVID-19 pandemic. Using computational antigen design technology, we deve…
View article: Serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in red and fallow deer in Great Britain
Serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in red and fallow deer in Great Britain Open
SARS-CoV-2 is the viral agent of COVID-19 disease in humans and has been shown to infect a wide range of mammals, including white-tailed deer in North America and fallow deer in the Republic of Ireland. There are six species of deer in the…
View article: Editorial: Strategies for mitigating zoonotic influenza outbreaks: a comprehensive preparedness approach
Editorial: Strategies for mitigating zoonotic influenza outbreaks: a comprehensive preparedness approach Open
View article: Encephalomyocarditis virus protein 2B* interacts with 14-3-3 proteins through a phosphorylated C-terminal binding motif
Encephalomyocarditis virus protein 2B* interacts with 14-3-3 proteins through a phosphorylated C-terminal binding motif Open
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) has been an important model RNA virus for decades. Although most of the EMCV proteins are obtained via proteolytic cleavage of a long polyprotein, 2B* is expressed from a short overlapping open reading fra…
View article: The EMCV protein 2B* is required for efficient cell lysis via both caspase-3-dependent and -independent pathways during infection
The EMCV protein 2B* is required for efficient cell lysis via both caspase-3-dependent and -independent pathways during infection Open
2B* is a poorly characterized protein encoded by an overlapping ORF in the genome of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). We have previously found 2B* to have a role in innate immune antagonism; however, this role is distinct from an earlier…
View article: Human placental cells are resistant to SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication
Human placental cells are resistant to SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication Open
Background Infection during pregnancy with SARS-CoV-2 can have a serious impact on both maternal and foetal health. Clinical studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 transmission from the mother to the foetus typically does not occur. However, t…
View article: Zika viruses encode 5′ upstream open reading frames affecting infection of human brain cells
Zika viruses encode 5′ upstream open reading frames affecting infection of human brain cells Open
View article: Encephalomyocarditis virus protein 2B* antagonises innate immune signalling by interacting with 14-3-3 protein family members
Encephalomyocarditis virus protein 2B* antagonises innate immune signalling by interacting with 14-3-3 protein family members Open
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) has for decades served as an important model RNA virus. Although most of the EMCV proteins are obtained via proteolytic cleavage of a long polyprotein, 2B* is expressed from a short overlapping open readin…
View article: Human placental cells are resistant to SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication
Human placental cells are resistant to SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication Open
Background Infection during pregnancy with SARS-CoV-2 can have a serious impact on both maternal and foetal health. Clinical studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 transmission from the mother to the foetus typically does not occur. However, …
View article: Inhibition of the Lectin Pathway of Complement Activation Reduces Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Severity in a Mouse Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Inhibition of the Lectin Pathway of Complement Activation Reduces Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Severity in a Mouse Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Open
Most patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit develop an acute respiratory distress syndrome characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased lung compliance, and high vascular permeability. Activation of the complement system is a ha…
View article: Tetherin antagonism by <scp>SARS‐CoV</scp> ‐2 <scp>ORF3a</scp> and spike protein enhances virus release
Tetherin antagonism by <span>SARS‐CoV</span> ‐2 <span>ORF3a</span> and spike protein enhances virus release Open
View article: The SARS-CoV-2 protein ORF3c is a mitochondrial modulator of innate immunity
The SARS-CoV-2 protein ORF3c is a mitochondrial modulator of innate immunity Open
View article: A computationally designed antigen eliciting broad humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 and related sarbecoviruses
A computationally designed antigen eliciting broad humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 and related sarbecoviruses Open
View article: The SARS-CoV-2 protein ORF3c is a mitochondrial modulator of innate immunity
The SARS-CoV-2 protein ORF3c is a mitochondrial modulator of innate immunity Open
SUMMARY The SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes a multitude of accessory proteins. Using comparative genomic approaches, an additional accessory protein, ORF3c, has been predicted to be encoded within the ORF3a sgmRNA. Expression of ORF3c during inf…
View article: Altered subgenomic RNA abundance provides unique insight into SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7/Alpha variant infections
Altered subgenomic RNA abundance provides unique insight into SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7/Alpha variant infections Open
View article: Evaluating ribosomal frameshifting in CCR5 mRNA decoding
Evaluating ribosomal frameshifting in CCR5 mRNA decoding Open
View article: SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein adheres to replication organelles before viral assembly at the Golgi/ERGIC and lysosome-mediated egress
SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein adheres to replication organelles before viral assembly at the Golgi/ERGIC and lysosome-mediated egress Open
Despite being the target of extensive research efforts due to the COVID-19 pandemic, relatively little is known about the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 replication within cells. We investigate and characterise the tightly orchestrated sequence of…
View article: The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein associates with the replication organelles before viral assembly at the Golgi/ERGIC and lysosome-mediated egress
The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein associates with the replication organelles before viral assembly at the Golgi/ERGIC and lysosome-mediated egress Open
Despite being the target of extensive research efforts due to the COVID-19 pandemic, relatively little is known about the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 replication within cells. We investigate and characterise the tightly orchestrated sequence of…
View article: Tetherin antagonism by SARS-CoV-2 enhances virus release: multiple mechanisms including ORF3a-mediated defective retrograde traffic
Tetherin antagonism by SARS-CoV-2 enhances virus release: multiple mechanisms including ORF3a-mediated defective retrograde traffic Open
The antiviral restriction factor, tetherin, blocks the release of several different families of enveloped viruses, including the Coronaviridae . Tetherin is an interferon-induced protein that forms parallel homodimers between the host cell…
View article: Structure–function analysis of the equine hepacivirus 5′ untranslated region highlights the conservation of translational mechanisms across the hepaciviruses
Structure–function analysis of the equine hepacivirus 5′ untranslated region highlights the conservation of translational mechanisms across the hepaciviruses Open
Equine hepacivirus (EHcV) (now also classified as hepacivirus A) is the closest genetic relative to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and is proposed to have diverged from HCV within the last 1000 years. The 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of both HC…
View article: Peer Review #2 of "Genome-wide analysis of circular RNAs in goat skin fibroblast cells in response to Orf virus infection (v0.1)"
Peer Review #2 of "Genome-wide analysis of circular RNAs in goat skin fibroblast cells in response to Orf virus infection (v0.1)" Open
Orf, caused by Orf virus (ORFV), is a globally distributed zoonotic disease responsible for serious economic losses in the agricultural sector.However, the mechanism underlying ORFV infection remains largely unknown.Circular RNAs (circRNAs…
View article: Peer Review #2 of "Genome-wide analysis of circular RNAs in goat skin fibroblast cells in response to Orf virus infection (v0.2)"
Peer Review #2 of "Genome-wide analysis of circular RNAs in goat skin fibroblast cells in response to Orf virus infection (v0.2)" Open
Orf, caused by Orf virus (ORFV), is a globally distributed zoonotic disease responsible for serious economic losses in the agricultural sector.However, the mechanism underlying ORFV infection remains largely unknown.Circular RNAs (circRNAs…
View article: Propensity of a picornavirus polymerase to slip on potyvirus-derived transcriptional slippage sites
Propensity of a picornavirus polymerase to slip on potyvirus-derived transcriptional slippage sites Open
The substitution rates of viral polymerases have been studied extensively. However less is known about the tendency of these enzymes to ‘slip’ during RNA synthesis to produce progeny RNAs with nucleotide insertions or deletions. We recentl…
View article: Transcriptional and Translational Landscape of Equine Torovirus
Transcriptional and Translational Landscape of Equine Torovirus Open
Toroviruses infect cattle, goats, pigs, and horses worldwide and can cause gastrointestinal disease. There is no treatment or vaccine, and their ability to spill over into humans has not been assessed. These viruses are related to importan…
View article: The transcriptional and translational landscape of equine torovirus
The transcriptional and translational landscape of equine torovirus Open
The genus Torovirus (subfamily Torovirinae , family Coronaviridae , order Nidovirales ) encompasses a range of species that infect domestic ungulates including cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses, causing an acute self-limiting gastroent…
View article: A role for domain I of the hepatitis C virus NS5A protein in virus assembly
A role for domain I of the hepatitis C virus NS5A protein in virus assembly Open
The NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) plays roles in both virus genome replication and assembly. NS5A comprises three domains, of these domain I is believed to be involved exclusively in genome replication. In contrast, domains II an…
View article: Zika viruses encode multiple upstream open reading frames in the 5′ viral region with a role in neurotropism
Zika viruses encode multiple upstream open reading frames in the 5′ viral region with a role in neurotropism Open
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus recently associated with congenital diseases and neurological complications. As for all flaviviruses, the ZIKV RNA genome is expected to encode a single polyprotein with all the en…
View article: Release of Infectious Hepatitis C Virus from Huh7 Cells Occurs via a <i>trans</i> -Golgi Network-to-Endosome Pathway Independent of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Secretion
Release of Infectious Hepatitis C Virus from Huh7 Cells Occurs via a <i>trans</i> -Golgi Network-to-Endosome Pathway Independent of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Secretion Open
The release of infectious hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles from infected cells remains poorly characterized. We previously demonstrated that virus release is dependent on the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT). Here,…
View article: Identification of novel RNA secondary structures within the hepatitis C virus genome reveals a cooperative involvement in genome packaging
Identification of novel RNA secondary structures within the hepatitis C virus genome reveals a cooperative involvement in genome packaging Open
The specific packaging of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome is hypothesised to be driven by Core-RNA interactions. To identify the regions of the viral genome involved in this process, we used SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exp…
View article: A novel method for the measurement of hepatitis C virus infectious titres using the IncuCyte ZOOM and its application to antiviral screening
A novel method for the measurement of hepatitis C virus infectious titres using the IncuCyte ZOOM and its application to antiviral screening Open