Heike Hofmann
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View article: Effect of Human Factors on Visual Statistical Inference
Effect of Human Factors on Visual Statistical Inference Open
Visual statistical inference determines the significance of patterns found in data exploration through graphics. It involves human observers inspecting a lineup of plots, with one real data plot randomly placed among decoys. Each observer'…
View article: A Guide to Designing Experiments to Test Statistical Graphics
A Guide to Designing Experiments to Test Statistical Graphics Open
In this paper, we discuss considerations and methods for experimentally testing visualizations. We discuss levels of user engagement with graphics, common issues when developing a sampling or data generation model, the importance of pilot …
View article: An Explainable Pipeline for Machine Learning with Functional Data
An Explainable Pipeline for Machine Learning with Functional Data Open
Machine learning (ML) models have shown success in applications with an objective of prediction, but the algorithmic complexity of some models makes them difficult to interpret. Methods have been proposed to provide insight into these "bla…
View article: Hidden multiple comparisons increase forensic error rates
Hidden multiple comparisons increase forensic error rates Open
When wires are cut, the tool produces striations on the cut surface; as in other forms of forensic analysis, these striation marks are used to connect the evidence to the source that created them. Here, we argue that the practice of compar…
View article: A reproducible pipeline for extracting representative signals from wire cuts
A reproducible pipeline for extracting representative signals from wire cuts Open
We propose a reproducible pipeline for extracting representative signals from 2D topographic scans of the tips of cut wires. The process fully addresses many potential problems in the quality of wire cuts, including edge effects, extreme v…
View article: One Model that Fits Them All: Psychometrics With Generalized Linear Mixed Effects Models
One Model that Fits Them All: Psychometrics With Generalized Linear Mixed Effects Models Open
User experiments are essential for informing researchers what an audience is seeing in a chart. User experiments are generally quite expensive in monetary value and in the time spent getting data. It is crucial that we make the most out of…
View article: Testing Perceptual Accuracy in a U.S. General Population Survey Using Stacked Bar Charts
Testing Perceptual Accuracy in a U.S. General Population Survey Using Stacked Bar Charts Open
The use of visuals is a key component in scientific communication. Decisions about the design of a data visualization should be informed by what design elements best support the audience’s ability to perceive and understand the components …
View article: An algorithm for forensic toolmark comparisons
An algorithm for forensic toolmark comparisons Open
Forensic toolmark analysis traditionally relies on subjective human judgment, leading to inconsistencies and lack of transparency. The multitude of variables, including angles and directions of mark generation, further complicates comparis…
View article: Penguins Go Parallel: A Grammar of Graphics Framework for Generalized Parallel Coordinate Plots
Penguins Go Parallel: A Grammar of Graphics Framework for Generalized Parallel Coordinate Plots Open
Parallel Coordinate Plots (PCP) are a valuable tool for exploratory data analysis of high-dimensional numerical data. The use of PCPs is limited when working with categorical variables or a mix of categorical and continuous variables. In t…
View article: A Study in Reproducibility: The Congruent Matching Cells Algorithm and cmcR Package
A Study in Reproducibility: The Congruent Matching Cells Algorithm and cmcR Package Open
Scientific research is driven by our ability to use methods, procedures, and materials from previous studies and further research by adding to it. As the need for computationally-intensive methods to analyze large amounts of data grows, th…
View article: Generalized Mosaic Plots in the \pkg{ggplot2} Framework
Generalized Mosaic Plots in the \pkg{ggplot2} Framework Open
Graphical methods for categorical variables are not well developed when compared with visualizations for numeric data. One method available for multidimensional categorical data visualizations is mosaic plots. Mosaic plots are an easy and …
View article: Penguins Go Parallel: a grammar of graphics framework for generalized parallel coordinate plots
Penguins Go Parallel: a grammar of graphics framework for generalized parallel coordinate plots Open
Parallel coordinate plots (PCP) are a valuable tool for exploratory data analysis of high-dimensional numerical data. The use of PCPs is limited when working with categorical variables or a mix of categorical and continuous variables. In t…
View article: Penguins Go Parallel: A Grammar of Graphics Framework for Generalized Parallel Coordinate Plots
Penguins Go Parallel: A Grammar of Graphics Framework for Generalized Parallel Coordinate Plots Open
Parallel Coordinate Plots (PCP) are a valuable tool for exploratory data analysis of high-dimensional numerical data. The use of PCPs is limited when working with categorical variables or a mix of categorical and continuous variables. In t…
View article: An Open-Source Implementation of the CMPS Algorithm for Assessing Similarity of Bullets
An Open-Source Implementation of the CMPS Algorithm for Assessing Similarity of Bullets Open
In this paper, we introduce the R package cmpsR, an open-source implementation of the Congruent Matching Profile Segments (CMPS) method developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for objective comparison of stri…
View article: Hierarchical Decision Ensembles- An inferential framework for uncertain Human-AI collaboration in forensic examinations
Hierarchical Decision Ensembles- An inferential framework for uncertain Human-AI collaboration in forensic examinations Open
Forensic examination of evidence like firearms and toolmarks, traditionally involves a visual and therefore subjective assessment of similarity of two questioned items. Statistical models are used to overcome this subjectivity and allow sp…
View article: ggobi/ggally: v2.1.1
ggobi/ggally: v2.1.1 Open
Bug fixes Ignore colour aesthetic if all values are NA. (@larmarange, #404) Avoid all duplicates within stat_cross(). (@larmarange, #402) Avoid an error when tidiers do not return p-values. (@larmarange, #400) Suggest emmeans to allow ggco…
View article: Visual diagnostics of an explainer model: Tools for the assessment of LIME explanations
Visual diagnostics of an explainer model: Tools for the assessment of LIME explanations Open
The importance of providing explanations for predictions made by black‐box models has led to the development of explainer model methods such as LIME (local interpretable model‐agnostic explanations). LIME uses a surrogate model to explain …
View article: Treatment of inconclusives in the AFTE range of conclusions
Treatment of inconclusives in the AFTE range of conclusions Open
In the past decade, and in response to the recommendations set forth by the National Research Council Committee on Identifying the Needs of the Forensic Sciences Community (2009), scientists have conducted several black-box studies that at…