Helen McIlleron
YOU?
Author Swipe
View article: Population pharmacokinetics of ritonavir as a booster of lopinavir, atazanavir, or darunavir in African children with HIV
Population pharmacokinetics of ritonavir as a booster of lopinavir, atazanavir, or darunavir in African children with HIV Open
Ritonavir is important in antiretroviral therapy (ART) because it is used to boost the drug exposure of its fellow protease inhibitors (PIs). While PIs are commonly used in children, ritonavir data in this population are quite scarce. We i…
View article: Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy for Children Living with HIV in Africa
Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy for Children Living with HIV in Africa Open
Second-line ART regimens including TAF-emtricitabine and dolutegravir were effective for children, with no evidence of safety concerns. Ritonavir-boosted darunavir was also effective. (Funded by the European and Developing Countries Clinic…
View article: Intracellular Penetration of Atazanavir, Ritonavir and Dolutegravir With Concomitant Rifampicin: A Dose Escalation Study
Intracellular Penetration of Atazanavir, Ritonavir and Dolutegravir With Concomitant Rifampicin: A Dose Escalation Study Open
Ritonavir‐boosted atazanavir is a victim of drug–drug interaction with rifampicin, a key component of antitubercular treatment. In a recent dose escalation clinical trial, we showed that increasing atazanavir/ritonavir to 300/100 mg b.i.d.…
View article: Oral Regimens for Rifampin-Resistant, Fluoroquinolone-Susceptible Tuberculosis
Oral Regimens for Rifampin-Resistant, Fluoroquinolone-Susceptible Tuberculosis Open
Consistent results across all the analyses support the noninferior efficacy of three all-oral shortened regimens for the treatment of rifampin-resistant tuberculosis. (Funded by Unitaid and others; endTB ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02754…
View article: Bedaquiline, Delamanid, Linezolid and Clofazimine for the Treatment of Rifampicin- and Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Tuberculosis (endTB-Q): A Phase 3, Open-Label, Multicentre, Randomised, Controlled, Stratified, Non-Inferiority Trial
Bedaquiline, Delamanid, Linezolid and Clofazimine for the Treatment of Rifampicin- and Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Tuberculosis (endTB-Q): A Phase 3, Open-Label, Multicentre, Randomised, Controlled, Stratified, Non-Inferiority Trial Open
View article: Pharmacokinetics of ethambutol and weight banded dosing in South African adults newly diagnosed with tuberculosis and HIV
Pharmacokinetics of ethambutol and weight banded dosing in South African adults newly diagnosed with tuberculosis and HIV Open
Ethambutol is used to treat tuberculosis (TB) in individuals living with HIV. Low concentrations of ethambutol have been reported in patients dosed with the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended first-line regimen. We analyzed the ph…
View article: Determining Targets for Antiretroviral Drug Concentrations: A Causal Framework Illustrated With Pediatric Efavirenz Data From the <scp>CHAPAS</scp>‐3 Trial
Determining Targets for Antiretroviral Drug Concentrations: A Causal Framework Illustrated With Pediatric Efavirenz Data From the <span>CHAPAS</span>‐3 Trial Open
Background Determining a therapeutic window for maintaining antiretroviral drug concentrations within an appropriate range is required for identifying effective dosing regimens. The limits of this window are typically calculated using pred…
View article: Recoverability of causal effects under presence of missing data: a longitudinal case study
Recoverability of causal effects under presence of missing data: a longitudinal case study Open
Summary Missing data in multiple variables is a common issue. We investigate the applicability of the framework of graphical models for handling missing data to a complex longitudinal pharmacological study of children with HIV treated with…
View article: Causal Inference for Continuous Multiple Time Point Interventions
Causal Inference for Continuous Multiple Time Point Interventions Open
There are limited options to estimate the treatment effects of variables which are continuous and measured at multiple time points, particularly if the true dose–response curve should be estimated as closely as possible. However, these sit…
View article: Pharmacokinetics of once-daily darunavir/ritonavir in second-line treatment in African children with HIV
Pharmacokinetics of once-daily darunavir/ritonavir in second-line treatment in African children with HIV Open
Background Darunavir is a potent HIV protease inhibitor with a high barrier to resistance. We conducted a nested pharmacokinetic sub-study within CHAPAS-4 to evaluate darunavir exposure in African children with HIV, taking once-daily darun…
View article: Population Pharmacokinetics of Dolutegravir in African Children: Results From the CHAPAS-4 Trial
Population Pharmacokinetics of Dolutegravir in African Children: Results From the CHAPAS-4 Trial Open
We characterized population pharmacokinetics in 42 African children receiving once-daily 25 mg (14 to <20 kg) or 50 mg (>20 kg) dolutegravir. Coadministration with emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide reduced dolutegravir bioavail…
View article: Population pharmacokinetics of rifabutin among HIV/TB co-infected children on lopinavir/ritonavir-based antiretroviral therapy
Population pharmacokinetics of rifabutin among HIV/TB co-infected children on lopinavir/ritonavir-based antiretroviral therapy Open
In adults requiring protease inhibitor (PI)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART), replacing rifampicin with rifabutin is a preferred option, but there is lack of evidence to guide rifabutin dosing in children, especially with PIs. We aimed t…
View article: The impact of alcohol and illicit substance use on the pharmacokinetics of first-line TB drugs
The impact of alcohol and illicit substance use on the pharmacokinetics of first-line TB drugs Open
Background In South Africa, an estimated 11% of the population have high alcohol use, a major risk factor for TB. Alcohol and other substance use are also associated with poor treatment response, with a potential mechanism being altered TB…
View article: Testing novel strategies for patients hospitalised with HIV-associated disseminated tuberculosis (NewStrat-TB): protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Testing novel strategies for patients hospitalised with HIV-associated disseminated tuberculosis (NewStrat-TB): protocol for a randomised controlled trial Open
View article: Second-line tenofovir alafenamide for children with HIV in Africa
Second-line tenofovir alafenamide for children with HIV in Africa Open
Background Children living with HIV have few second-line antiretroviral therapy(ART) options, especially fixed-dose-combinations(FDC). Methods Children from Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe were randomised to second-line tenofovir alafenamide(TAF)…
View article: Clinical Outcomes in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treated for Nonsevere Tuberculosis in the SHINE Trial
Clinical Outcomes in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treated for Nonsevere Tuberculosis in the SHINE Trial Open
Background Children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, CWH) are at high risk of tuberculosis (TB) and face poor outcomes, despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). We evaluated outcomes in CWH and children not living with HIV treated for …
View article: Pharmacokinetics of antitubercular drugs in patients hospitalized with HIV-associated tuberculosis: a population modeling analysis
Pharmacokinetics of antitubercular drugs in patients hospitalized with HIV-associated tuberculosis: a population modeling analysis Open
Background Early mortality among hospitalized HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB/HIV) patients is high despite treatment. The pharmacokinetics of rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide were investigated in hospitalized TB/HIV patients and a …
View article: Recoverability of Causal Effects under Presence of Missing Data: a Longitudinal Case Study
Recoverability of Causal Effects under Presence of Missing Data: a Longitudinal Case Study Open
Missing data in multiple variables is a common issue. We investigate the applicability of the framework of graphical models for handling missing data to a complex longitudinal pharmacological study of children with HIV treated with an efav…
View article: Nine-month, all-oral regimens for rifampin-resistant tuberculosis
Nine-month, all-oral regimens for rifampin-resistant tuberculosis Open
Background After a history of poor treatments for rifampin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB), recent advances have resulted in shorter, more effective treatments. However, they are not available to everyone and have shortcomings, requiring ad…
View article: Rifampicin and protein concentrations in paired spinal versus ventricular cerebrospinal fluid samples of children with tuberculous meningitis
Rifampicin and protein concentrations in paired spinal versus ventricular cerebrospinal fluid samples of children with tuberculous meningitis Open
Background Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most lethal form of TB. To study the disease, drug concentrations in samples obtained from the spinal CSF are usually used to reflect brain concentrations. Emerging data suggest that transport…
View article: OA-225 Optimising second line anchor drug options for children with HIV in Africa: 96 week results of the CHAPAS-4 randomised trial
OA-225 Optimising second line anchor drug options for children with HIV in Africa: 96 week results of the CHAPAS-4 randomised trial Open
Background Paediatric second line antiretroviral therapy (ART) formulations are limited. CHAPAS-4 (ISRCTN22964075), a 2X4 factorial randomised trial investigated efficacy and safety of 4 anchor drugs. Methods Children from Uganda, Zambia a…
View article: Evaluating newly approved drugs in combination regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with fluoroquinolone resistance (endTB-Q): study protocol for a multi-country randomized controlled trial
Evaluating newly approved drugs in combination regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with fluoroquinolone resistance (endTB-Q): study protocol for a multi-country randomized controlled trial Open
View article: Evaluating pediatric tuberculosis dosing guidelines: A model-based individual data pooled analysis
Evaluating pediatric tuberculosis dosing guidelines: A model-based individual data pooled analysis Open
Background The current World Health Organization (WHO) pediatric tuberculosis dosing guidelines lead to suboptimal drug exposures. Identifying factors altering the exposure of these drugs in children is essential for dose optimization. Ped…
View article: Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Twice-daily Ritonavir-boosted Atazanavir With Rifampicin
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Twice-daily Ritonavir-boosted Atazanavir With Rifampicin Open
Background Critical drug-drug interactions (DDI) and hepatotoxicity complicate concurrent use of rifampicin and protease inhibitors. We investigated whether dose escalation of atazanavir/ritonavir could safely overcome the DDI with rifampi…
View article: Optimizing dosing of the cycloserine pro-drug terizidone in children with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis
Optimizing dosing of the cycloserine pro-drug terizidone in children with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis Open
There are no pharmacokinetic data in children on terizidone, a pro-drug of cycloserine and a World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended group B drug for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) treatment. We collected pharmacokinetic dat…
View article: Recent advances in the treatment of tuberculosis
Recent advances in the treatment of tuberculosis Open
Future research should be directed to individualize regimens and protect these recent breakthroughs by preventing and identifying the selection of drug resistance and providing widespread, affordable, patient-centred access to new treatmen…
View article: Inadequate Lopinavir Concentrations With Modified 8-Hourly Lopinavir/Ritonavir 4:1 Dosing During Rifampicin-based Tuberculosis Treatment in Children Living With HIV
Inadequate Lopinavir Concentrations With Modified 8-Hourly Lopinavir/Ritonavir 4:1 Dosing During Rifampicin-based Tuberculosis Treatment in Children Living With HIV Open
Background: Lopinavir/ritonavir plasma concentrations are profoundly reduced when co-administered with rifampicin. Super-boosting of lopinavir/ritonavir is limited by nonavailability of single-entity ritonavir, while double-dosing of co-fo…
View article: Erratum for van der Laan et al., “Pharmacokinetics and Dose Optimization Strategies of Para-Aminosalicylic Acid in Children with Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis”
Erratum for van der Laan et al., “Pharmacokinetics and Dose Optimization Strategies of Para-Aminosalicylic Acid in Children with Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis” Open
View article: Smoked drug use in patients with TB is associated with higher bacterial burden
Smoked drug use in patients with TB is associated with higher bacterial burden Open
BACKGROUND: Smoking of illicit drugs may lead to more rapid TB disease progression or late treatment presentation, yet research on this topic is scant. We examined the association between smoked drug use and bacterial burden among patients…
View article: Causal Inference for Continuous Multiple Time Point Interventions
Causal Inference for Continuous Multiple Time Point Interventions Open
There are limited options to estimate the treatment effects of variables which are continuous and measured at multiple time points, particularly if the true dose-response curve should be estimated as closely as possible. However, these sit…