Henry Railo
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View article: Structural Brain Correlates of Speech Disfluency in Early Childhood: A Dimensional Analysis in a Non-Clinical Cohort
Structural Brain Correlates of Speech Disfluency in Early Childhood: A Dimensional Analysis in a Non-Clinical Cohort Open
Most neuroimaging studies of speech disfluency have compared individuals who stutter with fluent controls. However, treating speech disfluency as a continuous, dimensional trait offers new insights into the neural basis of fluency during e…
View article: Gestational Duration and Postnatal Age‐Related Changes in Aperiodic and Periodic Parameters in Neonatal and Toddler Electroencephalogram (<scp>EEG</scp>)
Gestational Duration and Postnatal Age‐Related Changes in Aperiodic and Periodic Parameters in Neonatal and Toddler Electroencephalogram (<span>EEG</span>) Open
The brain develops most rapidly during pregnancy and early neonatal months. While prior electrophysiological studies have shown that aperiodic brain activity undergoes changes across infancy to adulthood, the role of gestational duration i…
View article: Aperiodic parameters of the fMRI power spectrum associate with preterm birth and neonatal age
Aperiodic parameters of the fMRI power spectrum associate with preterm birth and neonatal age Open
While strong associations of structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) with preterm birth and post-menstrual age (PMA) have been reported, such associations for functional MRI (fMRI) have been considerably weaker. We studied the associa…
View article: Multiple independent components contribute to event-related potential correlates of conscious vision
Multiple independent components contribute to event-related potential correlates of conscious vision Open
Research has revealed two major event-related potential (ERP) markers of visual awareness: the earlier Visual Awareness Negativity (VAN, around 150-250 ms after stimulus onset), and the following Late Positivity (LP, around 300-500 ms afte…
View article: Introducing the Intra-Individual Variability Hypothesis in Explaining Individual Differences in Language Development
Introducing the Intra-Individual Variability Hypothesis in Explaining Individual Differences in Language Development Open
Purpose: Response times (RTs) are commonly used in studying language acquisition. However, previous research utilizing RT in the context of language has largely overlooked the intra-individual variability (IIV) of RTs, which could hold sig…
View article: Low-Level Auditory Processing Correlates With Language Abilities: An ERP Study Investigating Sequence Learning and Auditory Processing in School-Aged Children
Low-Level Auditory Processing Correlates With Language Abilities: An ERP Study Investigating Sequence Learning and Auditory Processing in School-Aged Children Open
Auditory processing and procedural learning deficits have been associated with language learning difficulties. We investigated the relationship of these skills and school-age language abilities in children with and without a history of lat…
View article: Conscious and unconscious perception of pitch shifts in auditory feedback during vocalization: Behavioral functions and event-related potential correlates
Conscious and unconscious perception of pitch shifts in auditory feedback during vocalization: Behavioral functions and event-related potential correlates Open
During vocalization, mismatches between expected and perceived auditory feedback are processed rapidly and automatically, suggesting that feedback control of vocalization operates unconsciously. However, whether consciousness modulates spe…
View article: Introducing the intra-individual variability hypothesis in explaining individual differences in language development
Introducing the intra-individual variability hypothesis in explaining individual differences in language development Open
Purpose: Response times (RTs) are commonly used in studying language acquisition. However, previous research utilizing RT in the context of language has largely overlooked the intra-individual variability of RTs, which could hold significa…
View article: Low-level auditory processing correlates with language abilities: An ERP study investigating sequence learning and auditory processing in school-aged children
Low-level auditory processing correlates with language abilities: An ERP study investigating sequence learning and auditory processing in school-aged children Open
Auditory processing and procedural learning deficits have been associated with language learning difficulties. We investigated the relationship of these skills and school-age language abilities in children with and without a history of lat…
View article: Rapid withdrawal from a threatening animal is movement-specific and mediated by reflex-like neural processing
Rapid withdrawal from a threatening animal is movement-specific and mediated by reflex-like neural processing Open
Responses to potentially dangerous stimuli are among the most basic animal behaviors. While research has shown that threats automatically capture the attention of human participants, research has failed to demonstrate automatic behavioral …
View article: Neurologically Healthy Humans’ Ability to Make Saccades Toward Unseen Targets
Neurologically Healthy Humans’ Ability to Make Saccades Toward Unseen Targets Open
Some patients with a visual field loss due to a lesion in the primary visual cortex (V1) can shift their gaze to stimuli presented in their blind visual field. The extent to which a similar "blindsight" capacity is present in neurologicall…
View article: Budget-Based Classification of Parkinson's Disease From Resting State EEG
Budget-Based Classification of Parkinson's Disease From Resting State EEG Open
Early detection is vital for future neuroprotective treatments of Parkinson's disease (PD). Resting state electroencephalographic (EEG) recording has shown potential as a cost-effective means to aid in detection of neurological disorders s…
View article: Multiple independent components contribute to event-related potential correlates of conscious vision
Multiple independent components contribute to event-related potential correlates of conscious vision Open
Research has revealed two major event-related potential (ERP) markers of visual awareness: the earlier Visual Awareness Negativity (VAN, around 150–250 ms after stimulus onset), and the following Late Positivity (LP, around 300–500 ms afte…
View article: Top-Down Processing and Nature Connectedness Predict Psychological and Physiological Effects of Nature
Top-Down Processing and Nature Connectedness Predict Psychological and Physiological Effects of Nature Open
Exposure to natural environments has positive psychological effects. These effects have been explained from an evolutionary perspective, emphasizing humans’ innate preference for natural stimuli. We tested whether top-down cognitive proces…
View article: Neurologically healthy humans’ ability to make saccades toward unseen targets
Neurologically healthy humans’ ability to make saccades toward unseen targets Open
Some patients with a visual field loss due to a lesion in the primary visual cortex (V1) can shift their gaze to stimuli presented in their blind visual field. The extent to which a similar “blindsight” capacity is present in neurologicall…
View article: Auditory Mismatch Responses to Emotional Stimuli in 3-Year-Olds in Relation to Prenatal Maternal Depression Symptoms
Auditory Mismatch Responses to Emotional Stimuli in 3-Year-Olds in Relation to Prenatal Maternal Depression Symptoms Open
Maternal depression symptoms are common in pregnant women and can have negative effects on offspring’s emotional development. This study investigated the association between prenatal maternal depression symptoms (assessed with the Edinburg…
View article: Event-related potential correlates of learning to produce novel foreign phonemes
Event-related potential correlates of learning to produce novel foreign phonemes Open
Learning to pronounce a foreign phoneme requires an individual to acquire a motor program that enables the reproduction of the new acoustic target sound. This process is largely based on the use of auditory feedback to detect pronunciation…
View article: Event-Related Potential Correlates of Learning to Produce Novel Foreign Phonemes
Event-Related Potential Correlates of Learning to Produce Novel Foreign Phonemes Open
Learning to pronounce a foreign phoneme requires an individual to acquire a motor program that enables the reproduction of the new acoustic target sound. This process is largely based on the use of auditory feedback to detect pronunciation…
View article: Promise and challenges for discovering transcranial magnetic stimulation induced “numbsense”—Commentary on Ro & Koenig (2021)
Promise and challenges for discovering transcranial magnetic stimulation induced “numbsense”—Commentary on Ro & Koenig (2021) Open
The notion that behavioral responses to stimuli can be mediated by separate unconscious and conscious sensory pathways remains popular, but also hotly debated. Recently, Ro and Koenig (2021) reported that when activity in somatosensory cor…
View article: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced Blindsight of Orientation is Degraded Conscious Vision
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced Blindsight of Orientation is Degraded Conscious Vision Open
Patients with blindsight are blind due to an early visual cortical lesion, but they can discriminate stimuli presented to the blind visual field better than chance. Studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of early visual cort…
View article: Subliminal perception is continuous with conscious vision and can be predicted from prestimulus electroencephalographic activity
Subliminal perception is continuous with conscious vision and can be predicted from prestimulus electroencephalographic activity Open
Individuals are able to discriminate visual stimuli they report not consciously seeing. This phenomenon is known as “subliminal perception.” Such capacity is often assumed to be relatively automatic in nature and rely on stimulus‐driven ac…
View article: Is the primary visual cortex necessary for blindsight-like behavior? Review of transcranial magnetic stimulation studies in neurologically healthy individuals
Is the primary visual cortex necessary for blindsight-like behavior? Review of transcranial magnetic stimulation studies in neurologically healthy individuals Open
The visual pathways that bypass the primary visual cortex (V1) are often assumed to support visually guided behavior in humans in the absence of conscious vision. This conclusion is largely based on findings on patients: V1 lesions cause b…
View article: Primary visual cortex is necessary for blindsight-like behavior in neurologically healthy individuals: Review of transcranial magnetic stimulation studies
Primary visual cortex is necessary for blindsight-like behavior in neurologically healthy individuals: Review of transcranial magnetic stimulation studies Open
The visual pathways that bypass the primary visual cortex (V1) are often assumed to support visually guided behavior in humans in the absence of conscious vision. This conclusion is largely based on findings on patients: V1 lesions cause b…
View article: Segregated brain state during hypnosis
Segregated brain state during hypnosis Open
Can the brain be shifted into a different state using a simple social cue, as tests on highly hypnotizable subjects would suggest? Demonstrating an altered global brain state is difficult. Brain activation varies greatly during wakefulness…
View article: Resting state EEG as a biomarker of Parkinson’s disease: Influence of measurement conditions
Resting state EEG as a biomarker of Parkinson’s disease: Influence of measurement conditions Open
Resting state electroencephalographic (EEG) recording could provide cost-effective means to aid in the detection of neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). We examined how many electrodes are needed for classification of P…