Cédric Hernalsteens
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View article: Performance of the CERN Proton Synchrotron internal dump: numerical simulation studies and comparison with beam measurements
Performance of the CERN Proton Synchrotron internal dump: numerical simulation studies and comparison with beam measurements Open
In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade project, a new internal dump for the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) ring has been designed, installed, and successfully commissioned. This device is designed to move rapidly into the beam and stop…
View article: Linear and nonlinear beam dynamics of vertical fixed-field accelerators
Linear and nonlinear beam dynamics of vertical fixed-field accelerators Open
Vertical fixed-field accelerators (vFFAs) feature a magnetic field that increases exponentially in the vertical direction, resulting in vertically stacked nonplanar orbits. Their magnetic field is highly nonlinear, and their solenoid and q…
View article: Damage experiment with superconducting sample coils - experimental setup and observations during beam impact
Damage experiment with superconducting sample coils - experimental setup and observations during beam impact Open
The damage mechanisms and limits of superconducting accelerator magnets due to the impact of high-intensity particle beams have been subject to extensive studies in the past years at CERN. Recently an experiment with dedicated sample coils…
View article: Dynamic aperture studies for vertical fixed field accelerators
Dynamic aperture studies for vertical fixed field accelerators Open
Vertical orbit excursion Fixed Field Accelerators (vFFAs) feature highly nonlinear magnetic fields and strong transverse motion coupling. The detailed study of their Dynamic Aperture (DA) requires computation codes allowing long-term track…
View article: Georges: A modular Python library for seamless beam dynamics simulations and optimization
Georges: A modular Python library for seamless beam dynamics simulations and optimization Open
Particle tracking codes such as MAD-X or TRANSPORT commonly use a matrix formalism to propagate beams\nthrough magnetic elements as it simplifies the analysis of particle behavior, facilitates beam optimization and\ncomponent design, and e…
View article: Parametrizations of coupled betatron motion for strongly coupled lattices
Parametrizations of coupled betatron motion for strongly coupled lattices Open
The coupling of transverse motion is a natural occurrence in particle accelerators, either in the form of a residual coupling arising from imperfections or originating by design from strong systematic coupling fields. While the first can b…
View article: Hybrid monitoring and measurement of concrete shielding activation at the ProtherWal proton therapy centre
Hybrid monitoring and measurement of concrete shielding activation at the ProtherWal proton therapy centre Open
View article: Achromatic gantry design using fixed-field spiral combined-function magnets
Achromatic gantry design using fixed-field spiral combined-function magnets Open
Arc-therapy and flash therapy are promising proton therapy treatment modalities as they enable further sparing of the healthy tissues surrounding the tumor site. They impose strong constraints on the beam delivery system and rotating gantr…
View article: Upgrade of a proton therapy eye treatment nozzle using a cylindrical beam stopping device for enhanced dose rate performances
Upgrade of a proton therapy eye treatment nozzle using a cylindrical beam stopping device for enhanced dose rate performances Open
Proton therapy is a well established treatment method for ocular cancerous diseases. General-purpose multi-room systems which comprise eye-treatment beamlines must be thoroughly optimized to achieve the performances of fully dedicated syst…
View article: The Zgoubidoo python framework for ray-tracing simulations with Zgoubi: applications to fixed-field accelerators
The Zgoubidoo python framework for ray-tracing simulations with Zgoubi: applications to fixed-field accelerators Open
The study of beam dynamics in accelerators featuring main magnets with complex geometries such as Fixed Field Accelerators (FFAs) requires simulation codes allowing step-by-step particle tracking in complex magnetic fields, such as the Zgo…
View article: Concrete shielding activation for proton therapy systems using BDSIM and FISPACT-II
Concrete shielding activation for proton therapy systems using BDSIM and FISPACT-II Open
Proton therapy systems are used worldwide for patient treatment and fundamental research. The generation of secondary particles when the beam interacts with the beamline elements is a well known issue. In particular, the energy degrader is…
View article: Ambient dose simulation of the ProtherWal proton therapy centre radioactive shielding decay using BDSIM and FISPACT-II
Ambient dose simulation of the ProtherWal proton therapy centre radioactive shielding decay using BDSIM and FISPACT-II Open
Next-generation proton therapy centres couple treatment and research programs, leading to higher beam currents and longer irradiation times than in clinical conditions. Large fluxes of energetic secondary particles are produced and long- a…
View article: Modeling and implementation of vertical excursion FFA in the Zgoubi ray-tracing code
Modeling and implementation of vertical excursion FFA in the Zgoubi ray-tracing code Open
View article: Review of coupled betatron motion parametrizations and applications to strongly coupled lattices
Review of coupled betatron motion parametrizations and applications to strongly coupled lattices Open
The coupling of transverse motion is a natural occurrence in particle accelerators, either in the form of a residual coupling arising from imperfections or originating by design from strong systematic coupling fields. While the first can b…
View article: A hybrid numerical approach to the propagation of charged particle beams through matter for hadron therapy beamline simulations
A hybrid numerical approach to the propagation of charged particle beams through matter for hadron therapy beamline simulations Open
In hadron therapy beamlines, passive elements are used to reduce the beam energy or to shape its transverse profile and frequently complement the magnetic transport channel elements. In particular, cyclotron-based facilities feature energy…
View article: Self-consistent numerical evaluation of concrete shielding activation for proton therapy systems
Self-consistent numerical evaluation of concrete shielding activation for proton therapy systems Open
Due to the advancement of proton therapy for cancer treatment, there has been a worldwide increase in the construction of treatment facilities. Therapy centres are often coupled with clinical, biological or material-science research progra…
View article: Optimization of proton therapy eye-treatment systems toward improved clinical performances
Optimization of proton therapy eye-treatment systems toward improved clinical performances Open
The treatment protocols of cancerous ocular diseases with proton therapy are well established, and dedicated eye-treatment systems can produce the clinical beam properties that meet the peculiar features required by eye-treatment modalitie…
View article: BDSIM Developments for Hadron Therapy Centre Applications
BDSIM Developments for Hadron Therapy Centre Applications Open
Hadron therapy centres are evolving towards reduced-footprint layouts, often featuring a single treatment room. The evaluation of beam properties, radiation protection quantities, and concrete shielding activation via numerical simulations…
View article: Recent BDSIM Related Developments and Modeling of Accelerators
Recent BDSIM Related Developments and Modeling of Accelerators Open
Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM) is a program based on Geant4 that creates 3D radiation transport models of accelerators from a simple optical description in a vastly reduced time frame with great flexibility. It also uses ROOT and CLHEP t…
View article: FailSim: A Numerical Toolbox for the Study of Fast Failures and Their Impact on Machine Protection at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
FailSim: A Numerical Toolbox for the Study of Fast Failures and Their Impact on Machine Protection at the CERN Large Hadron Collider Open
The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) foresees to reach a nominal, levelled luminosity of 5·10³⁴ cm⁻² s⁻¹ through a higher beam brightness and by using new equipment, such as larger aperture final focusing quadrupole magnets. The HL-LHC upgrade…
View article: A novel approach to seamless simulations of compact hadron therapy systems for self-consistent evaluation of dosimetric and radiation protection quantities
A novel approach to seamless simulations of compact hadron therapy systems for self-consistent evaluation of dosimetric and radiation protection quantities Open
Hadron therapy installations are evolving towards more compact systems that require higher-quality beams for advanced treatment modalities such as proton flash and arc therapy. Therefore the accurate modelling of present and next-generatio…
View article: Finite-horizon covariance control of state-affine nonlinear systems with application to proton beamline calibration
Finite-horizon covariance control of state-affine nonlinear systems with application to proton beamline calibration Open
In this paper, we address the problem of finite-horizon distribution steering of state-affine nonlinear systems using open-loop control. The terminal distribution is constrained by an isotropy constraint which enforces uniformity in all di…
View article: Simulations of the Activation of a Proton Therapy Facility Using a Complete Beamline Model With BDSIM
Simulations of the Activation of a Proton Therapy Facility Using a Complete Beamline Model With BDSIM Open
A detailed model of the IBA Proteus One compact gantry system has been created with BDSIM (Beam Delivery Simulation) that has been validated against experimental data. Results regarding activation studies have been obtained for the first t…
View article: Study of a Proton Therapy Beamline for Eye Treatment with Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM) and an In-House Tracking Code
Study of a Proton Therapy Beamline for Eye Treatment with Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM) and an In-House Tracking Code Open
The complete modelling of passive scattering proton therapy systems is challenging and requires simulation tools that have capabilities in both beam transport and in the detailed description of particle-matter interactions. Beam Delivery S…
View article: Transverse beam splitting made operational: Key features of the multiturn extraction at the CERN Proton Synchrotron
Transverse beam splitting made operational: Key features of the multiturn extraction at the CERN Proton Synchrotron Open
Following a successful commissioning period, the multiturn extraction (MTE) at the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) has been applied for the fixed-target physics programme at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) since September 2015. This except…
View article: Operational performance of the CERN injector complex with transversely split beams
Operational performance of the CERN injector complex with transversely split beams Open
With the progress made in 2015, the beams produced by the CERN Proton Synchrotron using multiturn extraction (MTE) have been delivered to the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) for the fixed-target physics run. Operation successfully started i…
View article: First implementation of transversely split proton beams in the CERN Proton Synchrotron for the fixed-target physics programme
First implementation of transversely split proton beams in the CERN Proton Synchrotron for the fixed-target physics programme Open
A new extraction technique has been studied at the CERN Proton Synchrotron with a view of using it for the fixed-target physics programme at the Super Proton Synchrotron. The extraction scheme is based on advanced concepts of non-linear be…
View article: Performance of Transverse Beam Splitting and Extraction at the CERN Proton Synchrotron in the Framework of Multi-turn Extraction
Performance of Transverse Beam Splitting and Extraction at the CERN Proton Synchrotron in the Framework of Multi-turn Extraction Open
Considerable progress has been made in 2015 in the setting up of the multi-turn extraction (MTE) in the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS). A key ingredient in this novel extraction technique is the beam splitting in transverse phase space. This…
View article: Transverse Beam Splitting Made Operational: Recent Progress of the Multi-Turn Extraction at the CERN Proton Synchrotron
Transverse Beam Splitting Made Operational: Recent Progress of the Multi-Turn Extraction at the CERN Proton Synchrotron Open
Following a successful commissioning period, the Multi-Turn Extraction (MTE) at the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) has been applied for the fixed-target physics programme at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) since September 2015. This excep…