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View article: Endemic demographics of the Jomon people estimated based on complete mitogenomes reveal their regional diversity
Endemic demographics of the Jomon people estimated based on complete mitogenomes reveal their regional diversity Open
The Jomon culture that spread across Japanese archipelago began about 16,000 years ago and lasted for over 10,000 years. The genetic diversity of the Jomon people, prehistoric hunter-gatherers bearing the Jomon culture, is of great interes…
View article: Cold adaptation in Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers of eastern Eurasia
Cold adaptation in Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers of eastern Eurasia Open
Previous genomic studies understanding the dispersal of Homo sapiens have suggested that present-day East Eurasians and Native Americans can trace their ancestry to migrations from Southeast Asia. However, ineluctable adaptations during th…
View article: Metagenomic analyses of 7000 to 5500 years old coprolites excavated from the Torihama shell-mound site in the Japanese archipelago
Metagenomic analyses of 7000 to 5500 years old coprolites excavated from the Torihama shell-mound site in the Japanese archipelago Open
Coprolites contain various kinds of ancient DNAs derived from gut micro-organisms, viruses, and foods, which can help to determine the gut environment of ancient peoples. Their genomic information should be helpful in elucidating the inter…
View article: Collagen of ancient bones gives an indication of endogenous DNA preservation based on next-generation sequencing technology
Collagen of ancient bones gives an indication of endogenous DNA preservation based on next-generation sequencing technology Open
Ancient genome analysis has become an indispensable tool in studies of human population history and evolution since the breakthrough of whole-genome sequencing technology. The problem remains, however, that ancient genomes cannot be analyz…
View article: Infectious diseases may have arrested the southward advance of microblades in Upper Palaeolithic East Asia
Infectious diseases may have arrested the southward advance of microblades in Upper Palaeolithic East Asia Open
An unsolved archaeological puzzle of the East Asian Upper Palaeolithic is why the southward expansion of an innovative lithic technology represented by microblades stalled at the Qinling–Huaihe Line. It has been suggested that the southwar…
View article: Collagen of ancient bones gives an indication of endogenous DNA preservation based on the next generation sequencing technology
Collagen of ancient bones gives an indication of endogenous DNA preservation based on the next generation sequencing technology Open
Ancient genome analysis has become an indispensable tool in studies of human population history and evolution after the breakthrough of whole genome sequencing technology. Meanwhile, the problem has been not resolved that ancient genome ca…
View article: Endocrine, inflammatory and immune responses and individual differences in acute hypobaric hypoxia in lowlanders
Endocrine, inflammatory and immune responses and individual differences in acute hypobaric hypoxia in lowlanders Open
When lowlanders are exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) environments such as high mountains, hemodynamic changes occur to maintain oxygen levels in the body. However, changes to other physiological functions under such conditions have yet to…
View article: Genetic variation of olfactory receptor gene family in a Japanese population
Genetic variation of olfactory receptor gene family in a Japanese population Open
The olfactory receptor (OR) gene family is comprised of hundreds of intact and disrupted genes in humans. The compositions and copy number variation (CNV) of disrupted and intact OR genes among individuals is expected to cause variation in…
View article: Complete mitochondrial genome sequencing reveals double-buried Jomon individuals excavated from the Ikawazu shell-mound site were not in a mother–child relationship
Complete mitochondrial genome sequencing reveals double-buried Jomon individuals excavated from the Ikawazu shell-mound site were not in a mother–child relationship Open
A draft whole genome sequence of a Jomon woman from the Ikawazu shell-mound site has been reported recently. The adult woman, IK002, was excavated with a child, IK001. Because of the burial situation with the child located above the adult,…
View article: Genomes From Verteba Cave Suggest Diversity Within The Trypillians In Ukraine
Genomes From Verteba Cave Suggest Diversity Within The Trypillians In Ukraine Open
The transition to agriculture occurred relatively late in Eastern Europe, leading researchers to debate whether it was a gradual, interactive process or a colonization event. In the forest and forest-steppe regions of Ukraine, farming appe…
View article: Triangulation supports agricultural spread of the Transeurasian languages
Triangulation supports agricultural spread of the Transeurasian languages Open
The origin and early dispersal of speakers of Transeurasian languages—that is, Japanese, Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic—is among the most disputed issues of Eurasian population history 1–3 . A key problem is the relationship between…
View article: Whole-Genome Sequencing of a 900-Year-Old Human Skeleton Supports Two Past Migration Events from the Russian Far East to Northern Japan
Whole-Genome Sequencing of a 900-Year-Old Human Skeleton Supports Two Past Migration Events from the Russian Far East to Northern Japan Open
Recent studies on paleogenomics have reported some Paleolithic and Neolithic genomes that have provided new insights into the human population history in East and Northeast Asia. However, there remain some cases where more recent migration…
View article: Exploring correlations in genetic and cultural variation across language families in northeast Asia
Exploring correlations in genetic and cultural variation across language families in northeast Asia Open
Grammar can reflect genetic history better than other cultural traits, including the lexicon.
View article: Triangulation supports agricultural spread of the Transeurasian languages
Triangulation supports agricultural spread of the Transeurasian languages Open
The origin and early dispersal of speakers of Transeurasian languages, i.e., Japanese, Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic, is among the most disputed issues of Eurasian population history. A key problem is the relationship between lingu…
View article: An analysis of the demographic history of the risk allele R4810K in <i>RNF213</i> of moyamoya disease
An analysis of the demographic history of the risk allele R4810K in <i>RNF213</i> of moyamoya disease Open
Background Ring finger protein 213 ( RNF213 ) is a susceptibility gene of moyamoya disease (MMD). A previous case–control study and a family analysis demonstrated a strong association of the East Asian‐specific variant, R4810K (rs112735431…
View article: Paleogenomics of human remains in East Asia and Yaponesia focusing on current advances and future directions
Paleogenomics of human remains in East Asia and Yaponesia focusing on current advances and future directions Open
Ancient DNA analysis became paleogenomics once high-throughput sequencing technology was applied to ancient DNA sequencing. Paleogenomics based on whole-genome information from Neanderthals and Denisovans showed that small fragments of the…
View article: DNA methylation site loss for plasticity-led novel trait genetic fixation
DNA methylation site loss for plasticity-led novel trait genetic fixation Open
Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to adapt traits in response to environmental changes, yet the molecular basis by which such plastic traits become genetically fixed remains unclear. Here we investigated gut length plasticity in medak…
View article: Analysis of ancient human mitochondrial DNA from Verteba Cave, Ukraine: insights into the Late Neolithic-Chalcolithic Cucuteni–Tripolye culture
Analysis of ancient human mitochondrial DNA from Verteba Cave, Ukraine: insights into the Late Neolithic-Chalcolithic Cucuteni–Tripolye culture Open
Verteba Cave (VC) in western Ukraine dates to the Eneolithic period (c. 5500 YBP), and contains the largest collection yet found of human skeletal remains associated with the Cucuteni–Tripolye culture. The subsistence economy of this peopl…
View article: Parallel Evolution of Two dmrt1-Derived Genes, dmy and dm-W, for Vertebrate Sex Determination
Parallel Evolution of Two dmrt1-Derived Genes, dmy and dm-W, for Vertebrate Sex Determination Open
Animal sex-determining genes, which bifurcate for female and male development, are diversified even among closely related species. Most of these genes emerged independently from various sex-related genes during species diversity as neofunc…
View article: Jomon genome sheds light on East Asian population history
Jomon genome sheds light on East Asian population history Open
Anatomical modern humans reached East Asia by >40,000 years ago (kya). However, key questions still remain elusive with regard to the route(s) and the number of wave(s) in the dispersal into East Eurasia. Ancient genomes at the edge of Eas…
View article: Exploring correlations in genetic and cultural variation across language families in Northeast Asia
Exploring correlations in genetic and cultural variation across language families in Northeast Asia Open
Culture evolves in ways that are analogous to, but distinct from, genomes. Previous studies examined similarities between cultural variation and genetic variation (population history) at small scales within language families, but few studi…
View article: Medaka Population Genome Structure and Demographic History Described via Genotyping-by-Sequencing
Medaka Population Genome Structure and Demographic History Described via Genotyping-by-Sequencing Open
Medaka is a model organism in medicine, genetics, developmental biology and population genetics. Lab stocks composed of more than 100 local wild populations are available for research in these fields. Thus, medaka represents a potentially …
View article: A new targeted capture method using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries as baits for sequencing relatively large genes
A new targeted capture method using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries as baits for sequencing relatively large genes Open
To analyze a specific genome region using next-generation sequencing technologies, the enrichment of DNA libraries with targeted capture methods has been standardized. For enrichment of mitochondrial genome, a previous study developed an o…
View article: The prehistoric peopling of Southeast Asia
The prehistoric peopling of Southeast Asia Open
Ancient migrations in Southeast Asia The past movements and peopling of Southeast Asia have been poorly represented in ancient DNA studies (see the Perspective by Bellwood). Lipson et al. generated sequences from people inhabiting Southeas…
View article: A new targeted capture method using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries as baits for sequencing relatively large genes
A new targeted capture method using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries as baits for sequencing relatively large genes Open
To analyze a specific genome region using next-generation sequencing technologies, the enrichment of DNA libraries with targeted capture methods has been standardized. For enrichment of mitochondrial genome, a previous study developed an o…