Explanipedia

Dynamic response of atomic processes in detached helium plasma induced by high-density transient pulse in Magnum-PSI Open

Y. Hayashi, H. Tanaka, Shin Kajita, N. Ohno, Dogyun Hwangbo , et al. · 2025

Pulsed plasma experiments simulating the transient divertor heat loads caused by edge-localized modes (ELMs) were conducted in Magnum-PSI, a linear plasma device capable of generating ITER-relevant conditions. The dynamic responses of deta…

Erosion enhancement by impurity entrainment in the highly collisional plasmas of Magnum-PSI Open

Mark Johannes Hendrikus Cornelissen, J.W.M. Vernimmen, Jesse Verstappen, E. Zoethout, I. G. J. Classen , et al. · 2024

Extrinsic impurity seeding is planned for ITER to avoid high heat fluxes to the tungsten divertor targets. Nevertheless, excessive sputtering by impurities would lead to a reduction in fusion power output and divertor lifetime. Unlike toda…

Effect of detachment on Magnum-PSI ELM-like pulses: direct observations and qualitative results Open

F. Federici, B. Lipschultz, Gijs Akkermans, K. Verhaegh, M.L. Reinke , et al. · 2024

Conditions similar to those at the end of the divertor leg in a tokamak were replicated in the linear plasma machine Magnum-PSI. The neutral pressure in the target chamber is then increased to cause the target to transition from an attache…

Machine learning aided line intensity ratio method for helium–hydrogen mixed recombining plasmas Open

Shin Kajita, D. Nishijima, Keisuke Fujii, H. Tanaka, J.W.M. Vernimmen , et al. · 2024

The helium line intensity ratio (LIR) with the help of a collisional radiative (CR) model has long been used to measure the electron density, , and temperature, , and its potential and limitations for fusion applications have bee…

Multi-level architecture modelling and analysis: The case for model-based systems engineering of fusion diagnostics Open

T.F. Beernaert, Ad Verlaan, M. De Bock, Lucas Moser, L.F.P. Etman , et al. · 2024

Fusion reactors are complex systems of interconnected parts, many of which rely on novel technologies. Understanding the patterns of connectivity is essential for many design aspects: assessing technical risks, leveraging modularity, preve…

Effect of detachment on Magnum-PSI ELM-like pulses: I. Direct observations and qualitative results Open

F. Federici, B. Lipschultz, Gijs Akkermans, Kevin Verhaegh, M.L. Reinke , et al. · 2024

Conditions similar to those at the end of the divertor leg in a tokamak were replicated in the linear plasma machine Magnum-PSI. The neutral pressure in the target chamber is then increased to cause the target to transition from an attache…

Managing the complexity of plasma physics in control systems engineering Open

T.F. Beernaert, M.R. de Baar, L.F.P. Etman, I. G. J. Classen, M. De Bock · 2024

The magnetized nuclear fusion plasma is a non-linear dynamic system with limits and constraints. It requires a sophisticated plasma control system with a wide variety of functions and components to ensure optimal and safe performance. A gr…

Demonstration of a sparse sensor placement technique to the limited diagnostic set in a fusion power plant Open

Joost Raukema, T.O.S.J. Bosman, I. G. J. Classen, T. Wijkamp, A. Perek , et al. · 2024

Multi-Level Architecture Modelling and Analysis: The Case for Model-Based Systems Engineering of Fusion Diagnostics Open

Torben Beernaert, Ad Verlaan, Maarten De Bock, L.E. Moser, Pascal Etman , et al. · 2024

Effect of detachment on Magnum-PSI ELM-like pulses: II. Spectroscopic analysis and role of molecular assisted reactions Open

F. Federici, B. Lipschultz, Gijs Akkermans, K. Verhaegh, M.L. Reinke , et al. · 2023

The linear plasma machine Magnum-PSI can replicate similar conditions to those found in a tokamak at the end of the divertor leg. A dedicated capacitor bank, in parallel to the plasma source, can release a sudden burst of energy, leading t…

Resonant interaction between runaway electrons and the toroidal magnetic field ripple in TCV Open

T. Wijkamp, M. Hoppe, J. Decker, B.P. Duval, A. Perek , et al. · 2023

This work explains the anomalously high runaway electron (RE) pitch angles inferred in the flat-top of dedicated Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV) experiments. Kinetic modelling shows that the resonant interaction between the gyromoti…

LiMeS-Lab: An Integrated Laboratory for the Development of Liquid–Metal Shield Technologies for Fusion Reactors Open

V.F.B. Tanke, R. S. Al, S. Alonso van der Westen, S. Brons, I. G. J. Classen , et al. · 2023

The liquid metal shield laboratory (LiMeS-Lab) will provide the infrastructure to develop, test, and compare liquid metal divertor designs for future fusion reactors. The main research topics of LiMeS-lab will be liquid metal interactions …

Characterisation of detachment in the MAST-U Super-X divertor using multi-wavelength imaging of 2D atomic and molecular emission processes Open

T. Wijkamp, J. S. Allcock, X. Feng, B. Kool, B. Lipschultz , et al. · 2023

In this work, we provide the first 2D spatially resolved description of radiative detachment in MAST-U Super-X L-mode divertor plasmas. The Super-X magnetic configuration was designed to achieve reduced heat- and particle loads at the dive…

LiMeS-lab: An integrated laboratory for the development of Liquid-Metal Shield technologies for fusion reactors Open

V.F.B. Tanke, R. S. Al, S. Alonso van der Westen, S. Brons, I. G. J. Classen , et al. · 2023

The liquid metal shield laboratory (LiMeS-Lab) will provide the infrastructure to develop, test, and compare liquid metal divertor designs for future fusion reactors. The main research topics of LiMeS-lab will be liquid metal interactions …

LiMeS-lab: An integrated laboratory for the development of Liquid-Metal Shield technologies for fusion reactors Open

V.F.B. Tanke, Radha Krishna Gopidesi, S. Alonso van der Westen, S. Brons, I. G. J. Classen , et al. · 2023

The liquid metal shield laboratory (LiMeS-Lab) will provide the infrastructure to develop, test, and compare liquid metal divertor designs for future fusion reactors. The main research topics of LiMeS-lab will be liquid metal interactions …

Demonstration of a Sparse Sensor Placement Technique to the Limited Diagnostic Set in a Fusion Power Plant Open

Joost Raukema, Thomas Bosman, I. G. J. Classen, T. Wijkamp, A. Perek , et al. · 2023

From Physics To Project Management: A Multi-Domain Matrix Model For The Distributed Analysis Of Nuclear Fusion Systems Open

Torben Beernaert, Ad Verlaan, Pascal Etman, Peter Giesen, Erik van Beekum , et al. · 2023

Nuclear fusion reactors operate in extreme and complex physical regimes. Predicting the behavior of these systems is essential for verification and validation, but requires the integration of diverse analysis activities, constrained by dom…

A spectroscopic inference and SOLPS-ITER comparison of flux-resolved edge plasma parameters in detachment experiments on TCV Open

A. Perek, M. Wensing, K. Verhaegh, B. Linehan, H. Reimerdes , et al. · 2022

This work presents the use of a collisional-radiative model to infer plasma parameters from 2D emissivities of several deuterium Balmer lines. The emissivities were obtained by MANTIS, an absolutely calibrated, ten-camera imaging polychrom…

Overview of the TCV tokamak experimental programme Open

H. Reimerdes, M. Agostini, E. Alessi, S. Alberti, Y. Andrèbe , et al. · 2022

The tokamak à configuration variable (TCV) continues to leverage its unique shaping capabilities, flexible heating systems and modern control system to address critical issues in preparation for ITER and a fusion power plant. For the 2019–…

Inducing thermionic emission from lanthanum hexaboride probes in Magnum-PSI Open

J. van den Berg-Stolp, I. G. J. Classen, H.J. van der Meiden, J.W.M. Vernimmen, S. Brons , et al. · 2021

TRACING THE EMERGENCE OF DESIGN PROBLEMS AND THEIR IMPACTS ON THE COMPLEXITY OF ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS Open

Torben Beernaert, Pascal Etman, Maarten De Bock, I. G. J. Classen, M. de Baar · 2021

The design of ITER, a large-scale nuclear fusion reactor, is intertwined with profound research and development efforts. Tough problems call for novel solutions, but the low maturity of those solutions can lead to unexpected problems. If d…

Thermalized collisional pre-sheath detected in dense plasma with coherent and incoherent Thomson scattering Open

J. van den Berg-Stolp, H.J. van der Meiden, I. G. J. Classen, J.W.M. Vernimmen, Yu Li , et al. · 2021

In the direct vicinity of plasma-facing surfaces, the incident plasma particles interact with surface-recombined neutrals. Remarkably high near-surface pressure losses were observed in the high-flux linear plasma generator Magnum-PSI. Comb…

Measurement of the 2D emission profiles of hydrogen and impurity ions in the TCV divertor Open

A. Perek, B. Linehan, M. Wensing, K. Verhaegh, I. G. J. Classen , et al. · 2020

The role of hydrogen molecular effects on detachment in Magnum-PSI Open

Gijs Akkermans, I. G. J. Classen, R. Perillo, H.J. van der Meiden, F. Federici , et al. · 2020

The hydrogen plasma-chemical processes responsible for tokamak divertor detachment are studied experimentally in the linear device Magnum-PSI, with a focus on molecular activated recombination (MAR) in hydrogen plasmas. Hydrogen plasmas wi…

Incoherent and Collective Thomson Scattering for the Determination of Electron and Ion Properties in Low-Temperature Plasma Open

H.J. van der Meiden, J.W.M. Vernimmen, J. van den Berg, I. G. J. Classen · 2020

In this lecture an overview of applications of incoherent Thomson scattering (TS) as well as collective Thomson scattering (CTS) will be given. These are the most accurate methods for measuring the electron and ion properties, because the …

Cross-field transport in detached helium plasmas in Magnum-PSI Open

H. Tanaka, Y. Hayashi, Shin Kajita, H.J. van der Meiden, Masayuki Yoshikawa , et al. · 2020

In this study, enhanced radial transport in a volume-recombining region in detached helium plasmas in a linear device, Magnum-PSI, was investigated. By installing a reciprocating Langmuir probe, electrostatic fluctuations with high spatiot…

MANTIS: A real-time quantitative multispectral imaging system for fusion plasmas Open

A. Perek, W.A.J. Vijvers, Y. Andrèbe, I. G. J. Classen, B.P. Duval , et al. · 2019

This work presents a novel, real-time capable, 10-channel Multispectral Advanced Narrowband Tokamak Imaging System installed on the TCV tokamak, MANTIS. Software and hardware requirements are presented together with the complete system arc…

Thomson scattering near the high-fluence target surface of the Magnum-PSI linear plasma generator Open

J. van den Berg, H.J. van der Meiden, J.W.M. Vernimmen, I. G. J. Classen · 2019

In the quest to long-term operation of high-power magnetically confined fusion devices, it is crucial to control the particle and heat loads on the wall. In order to predict these loads, understanding of the plasma-wall interaction is impo…

Investigating the effect of different impurities on plasma detachment in linear plasma machine Magnum-PSI Open

R. Perillo, R. Chandra, Gijs Akkermans, I. G. J. Classen, S. Korving · 2019

To achieve a tolerable heat and particle flux to the divertor target of fusion reactors, the so-called plasma detachment is essential to be set up and controlled. Impurity seeding facilitates the achievement of such a regime, mostly due to…

Experimental evidence of enhanced recombination of a hydrogen plasma induced by nitrogen seeding in linear device Magnum-PSI Open

R. Perillo, Gijs Akkermans, I. G. J. Classen, W.A.J. Vijvers, R. Chandra , et al. · 2019

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