Explanipedia

Improving Accretion Diagnostics for Young Stellar Objects with Mid-infrared Hydrogen lines from JWST/MIRI Open

P. Manoj, Vinod C. Pathak, A. Caratti o Garatti, I. Kamp, E. van Dischoeck , et al. · 2025

We present a comprehensive study of mid-infrared neutral hydrogen (H~\textsc{i}) emission lines in 79 nearby (d $<$ 200 $pc$) young stars using JWST/MIRI. We aim to identify mid-infrared H~\textsc{i} transitions that can serve as reliable …

Hydrogen-line profiles from accreting gas giants and their CPDs Open

Thomas Henning, M. Benisty, I. Kamp · 2025

Far fewer gas giants have been caught in their accretion phase than mature ones are known. Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) instruments will have a higher sensitivity and a smaller inner working angle than instruments up to now, which shoul…

Erratum: “MINDS. JWST-MIRI Observations of a Spatially Resolved Atomic Jet and Polychromatic Molecular Wind toward SY Cha” (2025, ApJ, 980, 148) Open

Kamber R. Schwarz, M. Samland, G. Olofsson, Thomas Henning, Andrew D. Sellek , et al. · 2025

MINDS: The very low-mass star and brown dwarf sample Open

Hyerin Jang, Aditya M. Arabhavi, Till Kaeufer, Rens Waters, I. Kamp , et al. · 2025

Context . Disks around very low-mass stars (VLMSs) provide environments for the formation of Earth-like planets. Mid-infrared observations have revealed that these disks often exhibit weak silicate features and prominent hydrocarbon emissi…

MINDS Open

M. Morales‐Calderón, Hyerin Jang, M. Aditya Arabhavi, Valentin Christiaens, D. Barrado , et al. · 2025

Context. The chemistry of disks around brown dwarfs (BDs) remains largely unexplored due to their faintness. Despite the efforts performed with Spitzer, we have far less understanding of planet formation, chemical composition, disk structu…

MINDS: A transition from H2O to C2H2 dominated disk spectra with decreasing stellar luminosity Open

Sierra L. Grant, Milou Temmink, Ewine F. van Dishoeck, Danny Gasman, Aditya M. Arabhavi , et al. · 2025

Context . The chemical composition of the inner regions of disks around young stars will largely determine the properties of planets that form in these regions. Many physical processes in the disks drive their chemical evolution, and some …

MINDS. Strong oxygen depletion in the inner regions of a very low-mass star disk? Open

J. S. Kanwar, I. Kamp, Peter Woitke, Ewine F. van Dishoeck, Thomas Henning , et al. · 2025

JWST is discovering a plethora of species in planet-forming disks around very low-mass stars such as C2H2, C6H6, C4H2, CH3 etc. The column densities of these species retrieved from 0D slab models are very large, e.g. of the order of $10^{2…

MINDS: Detection of an Inner Gas Disk Caused by Evaporating Bodies around HD 172555 Open

M. Samland, Thomas Henning, A. Caratti o Garatti, T. Giannini, J. Bouwman , et al. · 2025

Mechanisms such as collisions of rocky bodies or cometary activity give rise to dusty debris disks. Debris disks trace the leftover building blocks of planets, and thus also planetary composition. HD 172555, a stellar twin of β Pic, hosts …

MINDS: Detection of an inner gas disk caused by evaporating bodies around HD 172555 Open

T. Henning, A. Caratti o Garatti, T. Giannini, Aditya M. Arabhavi, G. Olofsson , et al. · 2025

Mechanisms such as collisions of rocky bodies or cometary activity give rise to dusty debris disks. Debris disks trace the leftover building blocks of planets, and thus also planetary composition. HD 172555, a stellar twin of beta Pic, hos…

MINDS: Water reservoirs of compact planet-forming dust discs Open

Milou Temmink, D. Andrew Sellek, Danny Gasman, F. Ewine van Dishoeck, Marissa Vlasblom , et al. · 2025

Context . Millimetre-compact dust discs are thought to have efficient radial drift of icy dust pebbles. It has been hypothesised that this drift could produce an enhanced cold ( T < 400 K) H 2 O reservoir in their inner discs. Mid-infrared…

MINDS. Water reservoirs of compact planet-forming dust disk: A diversity of H$_2$O distributions Open

Milou Temmink, Andrew D. Sellek, Danny Gasman, E. F. van Dishoeck, Marissa Vlasblom , et al. · 2025

Millimetre-compact dust disks are thought to have efficient radial drift of icy dust pebbles, which has been hypothesised to produce an enhanced cold ($T<$400 K) H$_2$O reservoir in their inner disks. Mid-infrared spectral surveys, now wit…

Can thermodynamic equilibrium be established in planet-forming disks? Open

J. S. Kanwar, P. Woitke, I. Kamp, Paul B. Rimmer, Ch. Helling · 2025

Context . The inner regions of planet-forming disks are warm and dense. The chemical networks used for disk modelling so far were developed for a cold and dilute medium and do not include a complete set of pressure-dependent reactions. The…

XUE: Thermochemical Modeling Suggests a Compact and Gas-depleted Structure for a Distant, Irradiated Protoplanetary Disk Open

B. Portilla-Revelo, Konstantin V. Getman, M. C. Ramírez-Tannus, Thomas J. Haworth, Rens Waters , et al. · 2025

Unveiling the physical structure of protoplanetary disks is crucial for interpreting the diversity of the exoplanet population. Until recently, the census of the physical properties of protoplanetary disks probed by mid-infrared observatio…

The effects of transport processes on the bulk composition of the first generation of planetesimals interior to the water ice line Open

Mark Oosterloo, I. Kamp, W. van Westrenen · 2025

Context . Knowing the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (CHNOS) elemental budgets of rocky planets is crucial for determining their structure, evolution, and potential chemical habitability. It is unclear how the nonlocal disk…

MINDS: The Very Low-mass Star and Brown Dwarf Sample Hidden Water in Carbon-dominated Protoplanetary Disks Open

Aditya M. Arabhavi, I. Kamp, E. F. van Dishoeck, Thomas Henning, Hyerin Jang , et al. · 2025

Infrared observations of the inner disks around very low-mass stars (VLMS; <0.3 M ⊙ ) have revealed a carbon-rich gas composition in the terrestrial planet-forming regions. Contrary to the typically water-rich T Tauri disk spectra, only tw…

The effects of transport processes on the bulk composition of the first generation of planetesimals interior to the water iceline Open

Mark Oosterloo, I. Kamp, W. van Westrenen · 2025

The CHNOS elemental budgets of rocky planets are crucial for their structure, evolution and potential chemical habitability. It is unclear how the nonlocal disk processes affecting dust in planet-forming disks affect the CHNOS elemental bu…

MINDS. Anatomy of a water-rich, inclined, brown dwarf disk: lack of abundant hydrocarbons Open

Giulia Perotti, N. T. Kurtovic, Thomas Henning, G. Olofsson, Aditya M. Arabhavi , et al. · 2025

2MASS J04381486+2611399 (or J0438) is one of the few young brown dwarfs (BD) with a highly inclined ($i\!\sim\!70^\circ$) disk. Here we report results from JWST-MIRI MRS, HST-ACS and ALMA Band 7 observations. Despite its late spectral type…

MINDS. JWST-MIRI Observations of a Spatially Resolved Atomic Jet and Polychromatic Molecular Wind toward SY Cha Open

Kamber R. Schwarz, M. Samland, G. Olofsson, Thomas Henning, Andrew D. Sellek , et al. · 2025

The removal of angular momentum from protostellar systems drives accretion onto the central star and may drive the dispersal of the protoplanetary disk. Winds and jets can contribute to removing angular momentum from the disk, though the d…

MINDS Open

Danny Gasman, Milou Temmink, E. F. van Dishoeck, N. T. Kurtovic, Sierra L. Grant , et al. · 2025

Context . The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) has revealed that the millimetre dust structures of protoplanetary discs are extremely diverse, ranging from small and compact dust discs to large discs with multiple rings …

MINDS. The influence of outer dust disc structure on the volatile delivery to the inner disc Open

Danny Gasman, Milou Temmink, E. F. van Dishoeck, N. T. Kurtovic, Sierra L. Grant , et al. · 2025

ALMA has revealed that the millimetre dust structures of protoplanetary discs are extremely diverse. It has been proposed that the strength of H$_2$O emission in the inner disc particularly depends on the influx of icy pebbles from the out…

MINDS: JWST/NIRCam imaging of the protoplanetary disk PDS 70 Open

Valentin Christiaens, M. Samland, Th. Henning, B. Portilla-Revelo, Giulia Perotti , et al. · 2025

Contains fulltext : 316490.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

MINDS. JWST-MIRI reveals a peculiar CO2-rich chemistry in the drift-dominated disk CX Tau Open

Marissa Vlasblom, Milou Temmink, Sierra L. Grant, N. T. Kurtovic, Andrew D. Sellek , et al. · 2025

Context . Radial drift of icy pebbles can have a large impact on the chemistry of the inner regions of protoplanetary disks, where most terrestrial planets are thought to form. Disks with compact millimeter dust emission (≲50 au) are sugge…

MINDS. JWST-MIRI reveals a peculiar CO$_2$-rich chemistry in the drift-dominated disk CX Tau Open

Marissa Vlasblom, Milou Temmink, Sierra L. Grant, N. T. Kurtovic, Andrew D. Sellek , et al. · 2024

Radial drift of icy pebbles can have a large impact on the chemistry of the inner regions of protoplanetary disks. Compact dust disks ($\lesssim$50 au) are suggested to have a higher (cold) H$_2$O flux than more extended disks, likely due …

The effect of dynamic temperatures on pebble dynamics and planet formation Open

Areli Castrejon, M. Min, I. Kamp, U. G. Jørgensen · 2024

Context. To date, more than 5000 exoplanets have been discovered. The large majority of these planets have a mass between 1 and 17 M ⊕ , making them so-called super-Earths and mini-Neptunes. The exact formation process for this abundant pl…

The effect of dynamic temperatures on pebble dynamics and planet formation Open

Areli Castrejon, M. Min, I. Kamp, Uffe Jørgensen · 2024

Context. To date, more than 5000 exoplanets have been discovered. The large majority of these planets have a mass between 1 and 17 {M_\oplus}, making them so-called super-Earths and mini-Neptunes. The exact formation process for this abund…

Dust mineralogy and variability of the inner PDS 70 disk Open

Hyerin Jang, Rens Waters, Till Kaeufer, Akemi Tamanai, Giulia Perotti , et al. · 2024

Context. The inner disk of the young star PDS 70 may be a site of rocky planet formation, with two giant planets detected further out. Recently, James Webb Space Telescope/Mid-Infrared Instrument (JWST/MIRI) Medium-Resolution Spectrometer …

MINDS. JWST-MIRI Observations of a Spatially Resolved Atomic Jet and Polychromatic Molecular Wind Toward SY Cha Open

Kamber R. Schwarz, M. Samland, G. Olofsson, Thomas Henning, Andrew D. Sellek , et al. · 2024

The removal of angular momentum from protostellar systems drives accretion onto the central star and may drive the dispersal of the protoplanetary disk. Winds and jets can contribute to removing angular momentum from the disk, though the d…

Dust mineralogy and variability of the inner PDS 70 disk Open

Hyerin Jang, Rens Waters, Till Kaeufer, Akemi Tamanai, Giulia Perotti , et al. · 2024

The inner disk of the young star PDS 70 may be a site of rocky planet formation, with two giant planets detected further out. Solids in the inner disk may inform us about the origin of this inner disk water and nature of the dust in the ro…

Disentangling the dust and gas contributions of the JWST/MIRI spectrum of Sz 28 Open

Till Kaeufer, P. Woitke, I. Kamp, J. S. Kanwar, M. Min · 2024

Context. Recent spectra of protoplanetary disks around very low-mass stars (VLMS), captured by the Mid-InfraRed Instrument (MIRI) on board the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), reveal a rich carbon chemistry. Current interpretations of th…

MINDS. Hydrocarbons detected by JWST/MIRI in the inner disk of Sz28 consistent with a high C/O gas-phase chemistry Open

J. S. Kanwar, I. Kamp, Hyerin Jang, Laurens B. F. M. Waters, E. F. van Dishoeck , et al. · 2024

Context. With the advent of JWST, we are acquiring unprecedented insights into the physical and chemical structure of the inner regions of planet-forming disks where terrestrial planet formation occurs. Very low-mass stars (VLMSs) are know…

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