Ivo Sirakov
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View article: Molecular and Serological Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Indeterminate Serology: Can We Skip the Second Sample?
Molecular and Serological Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Indeterminate Serology: Can We Skip the Second Sample? Open
Indeterminate serological results for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies create diagnostic uncertainty, requiring repeat testing after 14–21 days to establish seroconversion. This study evaluated whether direct viral detection methods could provide imm…
View article: Detection of Viruses with Oncogenic and Oncomodulatory Potential in Head and Neck Tumors—External Auricle
Detection of Viruses with Oncogenic and Oncomodulatory Potential in Head and Neck Tumors—External Auricle Open
It is estimated that approximately 90% of all head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas with a complex and multifactorial etiology. Molecular and epidemiological studies provide evidence for the role of oncogenic viruses in the in…
View article: Identification, Characterization, and Epidemiological Analysis of Lactococcus garvieae Fish Isolates Obtained in a Period of Eighteen Years
Identification, Characterization, and Epidemiological Analysis of Lactococcus garvieae Fish Isolates Obtained in a Period of Eighteen Years Open
Lactococcosis caused by Lactococcus garvieae is a bacterial infection affecting fish with a considerable economic impact. Recently, L. garvieae has established itself as an opportunistic pathogen in humans. The aim of the current study was…
View article: A Complicated Microbiology Diagnosis and Treatment of Tonsillopharyngitis in Pregnancy: A Case Report
A Complicated Microbiology Diagnosis and Treatment of Tonsillopharyngitis in Pregnancy: A Case Report Open
Pregnancy is a special period characterized by changes in the immune system as well as alteration of the microbiota predisposing to opportunistic infections, including tonsillopharyngitis. Streptococcus anginosus has numerous virulence fac…
View article: Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus among Equids in Bulgaria in 2022 and Assessment of Some Risk Factors
Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus among Equids in Bulgaria in 2022 and Assessment of Some Risk Factors Open
The aim of this study was to analyze the seroprevalence of West Nile virus (WNV) among equids in Bulgaria, confirm the results of a competitive ELISA versus the virus neutralization test (VNT) and investigate some predisposing factors for …
View article: Retrospective Analysis of the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Mediterranean Part of Bulgaria, During the First Wave of the Pandemic
Retrospective Analysis of the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Mediterranean Part of Bulgaria, During the First Wave of the Pandemic Open
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic demonstrated the importance of proper understanding of the epidemiology of viral infections in the modern cosmopolitan world. In this retrospective study, we analyzed different factors associated with the spread of …
View article: A Comparative Analysis of Molecular Biological Methods for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Testing the In Vitro Infectivity of the Virus
A Comparative Analysis of Molecular Biological Methods for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Testing the In Vitro Infectivity of the Virus Open
The virus discovered in 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China, which was later identified as SARS-CoV-2 and which spread to the level of a pandemic, put diagnostic methods to the test. Early in the pandemic, we developed a nested PCR assay for …
View article: A Case-Control Study of the Fokl Polymorphism of the Vitamin D Receptor Gene in Bulgarians With Lumbar Disc Herniation
A Case-Control Study of the Fokl Polymorphism of the Vitamin D Receptor Gene in Bulgarians With Lumbar Disc Herniation Open
This study strongly suggests that expression of the F allele of the VDR gene may increase the susceptibility of developing LDH, while having the f allele could potentially have a protective effect. Our results shed light on the underlying …
View article: Phenotypic and Molecular Characteristics of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Bulgarian Intensive Care Unit Patients
Phenotypic and Molecular Characteristics of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Bulgarian Intensive Care Unit Patients Open
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is designated as an urgent public health threat, both due to its remarkable multidrug resistance and propensity for clonal spread. This study aimed to explore the phenotypic and molecular…
View article: Molecular Screening for High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses in Patients with Periodontitis
Molecular Screening for High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses in Patients with Periodontitis Open
Members of the Papillomaviridae family account for 27.9–30% of all infectious agents associated with human cancer. The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of high-risk HPV (human papilloma virus) genotypes in patients with per…
View article: Analysis of biofilm formation in nosocomial Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates collected in Bulgaria: An 11-year study (2011–2022)
Analysis of biofilm formation in nosocomial Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates collected in Bulgaria: An 11-year study (2011–2022) Open
The present study aimed to explore the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of biofilm formation in Bulgarian nosocomial Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates ( n = 221) during the period 2011–2022, by screening for the presence of bio…
View article: Human ELISA Detects anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Cats: Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Virus Spread in Domestic and Stray Cats in Bulgaria
Human ELISA Detects anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Cats: Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Virus Spread in Domestic and Stray Cats in Bulgaria Open
The aim of this study was to verify whether the human DR-ELISA for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can be applied in cats, and to assess the risk factors that determine the spread of the virus among the cat population in Bulgar…
View article: Comparison between Some Phenotypic and Genotypic Methods for Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance Trend of Bovine Mastitis Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Bulgaria
Comparison between Some Phenotypic and Genotypic Methods for Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance Trend of Bovine Mastitis Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Bulgaria Open
The aim of this study was to assess the resistance of bovine mastitis S. aureus isolates from farms in Bulgaria to different classes of chemotherapeutic drugs by comparison of some phenotypic and genotypic methods by means of Cohen’s kappa…
View article: Development of Nested PCR for SARS-CoV-2 Detection and Its Application for Diagnosis of Active Infection in Cats
Development of Nested PCR for SARS-CoV-2 Detection and Its Application for Diagnosis of Active Infection in Cats Open
SARS-CoV-2 emerged in 2019 and found diagnostic laboratories unprepared worldwide. To meet the need for timely and accurate virus detection, laboratories used rapid Ag tests and PCR kits based on costly multi-channel real-time techniques. …
View article: Aquaponic systems: biological and technological parameters
Aquaponic systems: biological and technological parameters Open
Aquaponics is a specific ecosystem that combines aquaculture, hydroponics and beneficial bacteria in a symbiotic relationship. This integrated approach is emerging as a sustainable method of organic food production. This review analyzes th…
View article: Application of nano compounds for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of SARS-coronavirus: A review
Application of nano compounds for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of SARS-coronavirus: A review Open
Coronavirus disease, also called COVID-19, a universal health concern, has a?ected more than 200 countries after its declaration as a pandemic on 11 March 2020 by the World Health Organization, WHO. COVID-19 results due to SARS-CoV-2 entra…
View article: Reviews of "GRP78 binds SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and ACE2 and GRP78 depleting antibody blocks viral entry and infection in vitro"
Reviews of "GRP78 binds SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and ACE2 and GRP78 depleting antibody blocks viral entry and infection in vitro" Open
Reviews of "GRP78 binds SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and ACE2 and GRP78 depleting antibody
View article: Review 2: "GRP78 binds SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and ACE2 and GRP78 depleting antibody blocks viral entry and infection in vitro"
Review 2: "GRP78 binds SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and ACE2 and GRP78 depleting antibody blocks viral entry and infection in vitro" Open
This preprint demonstrates that GRP78 is an important cofactor for the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and ACE2 on the cell surface and provides evidence to support the therapeutic potential of targeting GRP78. Reviewers deem these…
View article: Respiratory viruses crossing the species barrier and emergence of new human coronavirus infectious disease
Respiratory viruses crossing the species barrier and emergence of new human coronavirus infectious disease Open
In the context of the current pandemic caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, it is essential to note that a new human respiratory virus has been identified almost every year in the last two decades. This brief summary outlines the airb…
View article: Antiviral activities of ellagitannins against bovine herpesvirus-1, suid alphaherpesvirus-1 and caprine herpesvirus-1
Antiviral activities of ellagitannins against bovine herpesvirus-1, suid alphaherpesvirus-1 and caprine herpesvirus-1 Open
In vitro antiviral activity of three ellagitannins - castalagin, vescalagin and grandinin was investigated against replication of three of the most common herpes viruses infecting animals, namely bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1), suid alphahe…
View article: Heavy metal content in the meat of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.), cultivated under different technologies
Heavy metal content in the meat of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.), cultivated under different technologies Open
Water pollution from industrial production and developing agriculture is a serious problem in aquaculture. The aim of this study was to determine the content of heavy metals Zn (zink), Pb(lead), Ni (nickel) and Cd (cadmium) in the muscles …
View article: Fish production and some traits of meat quality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farmed in different production systems
Fish production and some traits of meat quality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farmed in different production systems Open
The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), an important species in Bulgarian aquaculture, is farmed in different production systems as raceways, net cages etc. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two different rearing …
View article: Positive HBV DNA in liver samples in patients with chronic HCV infection
Positive HBV DNA in liver samples in patients with chronic HCV infection Open
PURPOSE: To determine prevalence of positive HBV DNA in liver tissue samples in patients with chronic HCV infection (CHCV) and to investigate whether there is an association between it and underlying clinical condition.METHODE: For the per…