Explanipedia

UNIONS: The Ultraviolet Near-infrared Optical Northern Survey Open

K. C. Chambers, Alan W. McConnachie, E. A. Magnier, Thomas de Boer, Masamune Oguri , et al. · 2025

The Ultraviolet Near-Infrared Optical Northern Survey (UNIONS) is a “collaboration of collaborations” that is using the Canada–France–Hawai’i Telescope, the Pan-STARRS telescopes, and the Subaru Observatory to obtain ugriz images of a core…

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). Characteristics and limitations of the spectroscopic measurements Open

V. Le Brun, M. Béthermin, M. Moresco, D. Vibert, D. Vergani , et al. · 2025

The spectroscopy processing function (SPE PF) of the Euclid pipeline is dedicated to the automatic analysis of 1D spectra to determine redshifts, line fluxes, and spectral classifications. The first Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1) delivers …

Q1 SLDE missed targets Open

M. Walmsley, Paul H. Holloway, N.E.P. Lines, K. Rojas, T.E Collett , et al. · 2025

AstroVink-Q1: Strong gravitational lens candidates missed in Euclid Q1 This record contains newly identified strong gravitational lens candidates discovered with the AstroVink-Q1 vision-transformer network in Euclid Quick Data Release 1 (Q…

Cosmology Likelihood for Observables in \Euclid (CLOE). 1. Theoretical recipe Open

G Cañas-Herrera, Santiago Casas, S. Ilić, Ariel G. Sánchez, K Tanidis , et al. · 2025

As the statistical precision of cosmological measurements increases, the accuracy of the theoretical description of these measurements needs to increase correspondingly in order to infer the underlying cosmology that governs the Universe. …

Thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect at the core of CL J1226.9+3332 revealed by NOEMA Open

M. Muñoz-Echeverría, J. F. Macías–Pérez, R. Neri, É. Pointecouteau, R. Adam , et al. · 2025

We present first detailed maps of the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (tSZ) effect on a z = 0.89 cluster with the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA). The high sensitivity of these observations enabled the effective identification and re…

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). First Euclid statistical study of galaxy mergers and their connection to active galactic nuclei Open

Antonio La Marca, Lingyu Wang, B. Margalef-Bentabol, L. Gabarra, Yoshiki Toba , et al. · 2025

Galaxy major mergers are indicated as one of the principal pathways to trigger active galactic nuclei (AGN). We present the first statistical analysis of the major merger and AGN connection in the Euclid Deep Fields, and showcase the stati…

<i>Euclid</i> : Finding strong gravitational lenses in the early release observations using convolutional neural networks Open

B.C Nagam, J.A. Acevedo Barroso, J. Wilde, I.T Andika, A Manjón-García , et al. · 2025

Several new galaxy-galaxy strong gravitational lenses have been detected in the early release observations (ERO) from Euclid . The all-sky survey is expected to find 170 000 new systems, which are expected to greatly enhancing studies of d…

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). Optical and near-infrared identification and classification of point-like X-ray selected sources Open

W. Roster, M. Salvato, R. Shirley, R. Shirley, Hermine Landt , et al. · 2025

To better understand the role of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in galaxy evolution, it is crucial to work with a complete and pure AGN sample. X-ray surveys are key to doing so, but their larger positional uncertainties complicate counterpa…

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). Extending the quest for little red dots to z<4 Open

G. Rodighiero, S. Fotopoulou, F. Ricci, K. Jahnkę, A. Feltre , et al. · 2025

Recent observations with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed an interesting population of sources with a compact morphology and a characteristic v-shaped continuum, namely blue at a rest frame łambda<4000,Å and red at longe…

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). The active galaxies of Euclid Open

S. Fotopoulou, F. Ricci, M. Bolzonella, F. La Franca, A. Viitanen , et al. · 2025

We present three catalogues of candidate active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the Euclid Quick Release (Q1) fields. For each Euclid source, we collected multi-wavelength photometric and spectroscopic information from surveys such as the Galaxy …

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). Galaxy shapes and alignments in the cosmic web Open

C. Laigle, C. Gouin, Florian Sarron, L Quilley, Christophe Pichon , et al. · 2025

Galaxy morphologies and shape orientations are expected to correlate with their large-scale environments, since they grow by accreting matter from the cosmic web and are subject to interactions with other galaxies. We extracted cosmic fila…

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). Exploring galaxy morphology across cosmic time through Sérsic fits Open

L. Quilley, I Damjanov, V. de Lapparent, Ana Paulino-Afonso, H. Domínguez Sánchez , et al. · 2025

We present the results of the single-component Sérsic profile fitting for the magnitude-limited sample of galaxies within the 63.1 deg^2 area of the Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). The associated morphological catalogue includes two sets o…

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). The Strong Lensing Discovery Engine C: Finding lenses with machine learning Open

N.E.P. Lines, T.E Collett, M. Walmsley, K. Rojas, Tian Li , et al. · 2025

Strong gravitational lensing has the potential to provide a powerful probe of astrophysics and cosmology, but fewer than 1000 strong lenses have been confirmed so far. With a resolution covering a third of the sky, the Euclid telescope wil…

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). From spectrograms to spectra: The SIR spectroscopic processing function Open

Y. Copin, M. Fumana, C. Mancini, P. N. Appleton, Ranga‐Ram Chary , et al. · 2025

The Euclid space mission aims to investigate the nature of dark energy and dark matter by mapping the large-scale structure of the Universe. A key component of Euclid's observational strategy is slitless spectroscopy, which is conducted us…

Overdense fireworks in GOODS-N: Unveiling a record number of massive dusty star forming galaxies at z$\sim$5.2 with the N2CLS Open

G. Lagache, Mengyuan Xiao, A. Beelen, S. Berta, L. Ciesla , et al. · 2025

As part of the N2CLS Survey, we have identified a remarkable overdensity of ten bright dusty star-forming galaxies at z$\sim$5.2 in the GOODS-N field. Three of these galaxies, N2GN_1_01, 06, and 23 (known as GN10, HDF850.1, and S3, respect…

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). Photometric redshifts and physical properties of galaxies through the PHZ processing function Open

M Tucci, S Paltani, W G Hartley, F Dubath, N. Morisset , et al. · 2025

The ESA Euclid mission will measure the photometric redshifts of billions of galaxies to provide an accurate 3D view of the Universe at optical and near-infrared wavelengths. Photometric redshifts are determined by the PHotometric redshift…

NIKA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey Open

D. Chérouvrier, Juan-Francisco Macías-Pérez, F.–X. Désert, R. Adam, P. A. R. Ade , et al. · 2025

Clusters of galaxies, formed in the latest stages of structure formation, are unique cosmological probes. With the advent of large CMB surveys like those from the Planck satellite, the ACT and SPT telescopes, we now have access to a large …

Euclid preparation: The NISP spectroscopy channel, on ground performance and calibration Open

W. Gillard, T. Maciaszek, E Prieto, F Grupp, A. Costille , et al. · 2025

ESA's Euclid cosmology mission relies on the very sensitive and accurately calibrated spectroscopy channel of the Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP). With three operational grisms in two wavelength intervals, NISP provides di…

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). From images to multi-wavelength catalogues: The Euclid MERge Processing Function Open

E. Romelli, M. Kümmel, H. Dole, J. Gracia-Carpio, E. Merlin , et al. · 2025

The Euclid satellite is an ESA mission that was launched in July 2023. Euclid is working in its regular observing mode with the target of observing an area of $14,000 deg ^2$ with two instruments, the Visible Camera (VIS) and the Near IR S…

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). A first view of the star-forming main sequence in the Euclid Deep Fields Open

A Enia, L. Pozzetti, M Bolzonella, L Bisigello, W G Hartley , et al. · 2025

The star-forming main sequence (SFMS) is a tight relation observed between stellar masses and star formation rates (SFR) in a population of galaxies. This relation is observed at different redshifts, in various morphological, and environme…

Exploiting high-resolution NIKA2 data to study the intracluster medium and dynamical state of ACT-CL J0240.0+0116 Open

A. Paliwal, M de Petris, A. Ferragamo, R. Adam, P Ade , et al. · 2025

It is crucial to have a detailed understanding of the intracluster medium (ICM) to infer precise cluster physics, such as the cluster’s dynamical state, in order to carry out cluster-based cosmological studies. This knowledge limits the ac…

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1): First visual morphology catalogue Open

Mike Walmsley, M Huertas-Company, L. Quilley, Karen L. Masters, Sandor Kruk , et al. · 2025

We present a detailed visual morphology catalogue for Euclid's Quick Release 1 (Q1). Our catalogue includes galaxy features such as bars, spiral arms, and ongoing mergers, for the 378000 bright ($I_E < 20.5$) or extended (area $\geq 700\,$…

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). The active galaxies of Euclid Open

T. Matamoro Zatarain, T. Matamoro Zatarain, S. Fotopoulou, M Bolzonella, M. Bolzonella , et al. · 2025

We present a catalogue of candidate active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the $Euclid$ Quick Release (Q1) fields. For each $Euclid$ source we collect multi-wavelength photometry and spectroscopy information from Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX)…

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1) The Strong Lensing Discovery Engine B -- Early strong lens candidates from visual inspection of high velocity dispersion galaxies Open

K. Rojas, T.E Collett, J.A. Acevedo Barroso, J.W Nightingale, Daniel Stern , et al. · 2025

We present a search for strong gravitational lenses in Euclid imaging with high stellar velocity dispersion ($\sigma_\nu > 180$ km/s) reported by SDSS and DESI. We performed expert visual inspection and classification of $11\,660$ \Euclid …

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). Combined Euclid and Spitzer galaxy density catalogues at $z>$ 1.3 and detection of significant Euclid passive galaxy overdensities in Spitzer overdense regions Open

N. Mai, S. Mei, Charles M. Cleland, Ranga‐Ram Chary, J. G. Bartlett , et al. · 2025

Euclid will detect tens of thousands of clusters and protoclusters at $z$>1.3. With a total coverage of 63.1deg$^2$, the Euclid Quick Data Release 1 (Q1) is large enough to detect tens of clusters and hundreds of protoclusters at these ear…

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). Extending the quest for little red dots to z<4 Open

L Bisigello, Laura Bisigello, S. Fotopoulou, S. Fotopoulou, K Jahnke , et al. · 2025

Recent James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations have revealed a population of sources with a compact morphology and a characteristic `v-shaped' continuum, namely blue at rest-frame $λ<4000$A and red at longer wavelengths. The nature …

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). The first catalogue of strong-lensing galaxy clusters Open

P. Bergamini, P. Bergamini, M. Meneghetti, B. Clément, M. Bolzonella , et al. · 2025

We present the first catalogue of strong lensing galaxy clusters identified in the Euclid Quick Release 1 observations (covering $63.1\,\mathrm{deg^2}$). This catalogue is the result of the visual inspection of 1260 cluster fields. Each ga…

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1) Exploring galaxy properties with a multi-modal foundation model Open

M. Siudek, Marc Huertas-Company, M. Smith, Michael J. Smith, G. Martínez-Solaeche , et al. · 2025

Modern astronomical surveys, such as the Euclid mission, produce high-dimensional, multi-modal data sets that include imaging and spectroscopic information for millions of galaxies. These data serve as an ideal benchmark for large, pre-tra…

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). The Strong Lensing Discovery Engine E -- Ensemble classification of strong gravitational lenses: lessons for Data Release 1 Open

Paul H. Holloway, Paul H. Holloway, Mike Walmsley, Phillip John Marshall, Philip J. Marshall , et al. · 2025

The Euclid Wide Survey (EWS) is expected to identify of order $100\,000$ galaxy-galaxy strong lenses across $14\,000$deg$^2$. The Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1) of $63.1$deg$^2$ Euclid images provides an excellent opportunity to test our l…

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). The role of cosmic connectivity in shaping galaxy clusters Open

Euclid Collaboration, C. Laigle, Florian Sarron, T. Bonnaire, T. Bonnaire , et al. · 2025

The matter distribution around galaxy clusters is distributed over several filaments, reflecting their positions as nodes in the large-scale cosmic web. The number of filaments connected to a cluster, namely its connectivity, is expected t…

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