Ian Kitai
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View article: Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infection in Children, 1992-2023
Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infection in Children, 1992-2023 Open
Importance The resurgence of invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) infections and progress in GAS vaccine development emphasize the importance of understanding current trends in the epidemiology of iGAS. Objective To describe the epidemiol…
View article: P-1290. Invasive group A streptococcal infection in children in Toronto, Canada
P-1290. Invasive group A streptococcal infection in children in Toronto, Canada Open
Background Rising cases of invasive group A streptococcus (iGAS) in children have been reported globally. We assessed the epidemiology of pediatric iGAS over three decades. The annual incidence of invasive GAS infections in children in Tor…
View article: P-643. Incidence and Clinical Characteristics of Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections in Underhoused Adults in Toronto, Canada
P-643. Incidence and Clinical Characteristics of Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections in Underhoused Adults in Toronto, Canada Open
Background Post-pandemic increases of invasive group A streptococcal disease (iGAS) have been reported in many areas of the world; increased risk associated with illicit intravenous (IV) drug use has also been identified. Methods Since 199…
View article: Prolonged Fever After the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in an Adolescent
Prolonged Fever After the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in an Adolescent Open
A 17-year-old female was diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease and started on infliximab. A few weeks after starting infliximab, she developed a recurrence of daily fevers associated with an intermittent dry cough, which worsened over …
View article: Disseminated<i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>infection presenting with cervical lymphadenitis in a 15-year-old girl
Disseminated<i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>infection presenting with cervical lymphadenitis in a 15-year-old girl Open
A 15-year-old, previously healthy, Syrian-born girl, who had immigrated from Turkey 3 months previously, presented to the emergency department with a 6-month history of cervical swelling, weight loss and intermittent fevers; a 1-month hist…
View article: Rifampin-induced flu-like syndrome with shock in a patient with tuberculosis infection
Rifampin-induced flu-like syndrome with shock in a patient with tuberculosis infection Open
Key points A 15-year-old girl, born in a country with a high burden of tuberculosis (TB), was in the care of a tertiary care infectious disease clinic for TB infection (TBI) based on a positive QuantiFERON gold test. She had no evidence of…
View article: Clinical standards for drug-susceptible TB in children and adolescents
Clinical standards for drug-susceptible TB in children and adolescents Open
BACKGROUND: These clinical standards aim to provide guidance for diagnosis, treatment, and management of drug-susceptible TB in children and adolescents. METHODS: Fifty-two global experts in paediatric TB participated in a Delphi consensus…
View article: Strengthening Tuberculosis Services for Children and Adolescents in Low Endemic Settings
Strengthening Tuberculosis Services for Children and Adolescents in Low Endemic Settings Open
In low tuberculosis-burden countries, children and adolescents with the highest incidence of tuberculosis (TB) infection or disease are usually those who have immigrated from high-burden countries. It is, therefore, essential that low-burd…
View article: Distinguishing Features of Adolescents With Undiagnosed Infectious Tuberculosis Attending a Pediatric Emergency Department
Distinguishing Features of Adolescents With Undiagnosed Infectious Tuberculosis Attending a Pediatric Emergency Department Open
More than 10 days of fever or 13 days of cough differentiated adolescent patients presenting to a pediatric emergency department with infectious tuberculosis (TB) from most patients with pneumonia. Upper lobe involvement was significantly …
View article: Epidemiology, clinical features and outcomes of incident tuberculosis in children in Canada in 2013–2016: results of a national surveillance study
Epidemiology, clinical features and outcomes of incident tuberculosis in children in Canada in 2013–2016: results of a national surveillance study Open
Purpose Childhood tuberculosis disease is difficult to diagnose and manage and is an under-recognised cause of morbidity and mortality. Reported data from Canada do not focus on childhood tuberculosis or capture key epidemiologic, clinical…
View article: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of routine childhood immunizations in Ontario, Canada
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of routine childhood immunizations in Ontario, Canada Open
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has a worldwide impact on all health services, including childhood immunizations. In Canada, there is limited data to quantify and characterize this issue. Methods We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectiona…
View article: 15 PAEDIATRIC TUBERCULOSIS MANAGED AT A CANADIAN CHILDRENS HOSPITAL: RELATIONSHIP TO BIRTHPLACE AND TRAVEL HISTORY
15 PAEDIATRIC TUBERCULOSIS MANAGED AT A CANADIAN CHILDRENS HOSPITAL: RELATIONSHIP TO BIRTHPLACE AND TRAVEL HISTORY Open
Background There are limited data about the relationship of child’s birthplace, parents’ birthplace, and travel history to paediatric tuberculosis (TB) acquisition and disease phenotype in Canada. Travel history is not routinely collected …
View article: Inguinal mass in a 4-month-old boy
Inguinal mass in a 4-month-old boy Open
A previously well 4-month-old boy, with no history suggestive of immunodeficiency, presented to the clinic with a 1-month history of a right-sided inguinal mass ([Figure 1][1]). He was a twin pregnancy born at 37 weeks’ gestational age to …
View article: 2716. Persistence of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) Serotypes in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Adults in Southern Ontario Canada Despite Routine Pediatric Vaccination
2716. Persistence of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) Serotypes in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Adults in Southern Ontario Canada Despite Routine Pediatric Vaccination Open
Background In Ontario, Canada, PCV13 is covered for immunocompromised (IC) adults over 50y. PCV13 programs are thought not to be cost-effective in other adults because it is assumed that herd immunity from pediatric vaccination programs (P…
View article: Prevalence of tuberculosis infection and disease in children referred for tuberculosis medical surveillance in Ontario: a single-cohort study
Prevalence of tuberculosis infection and disease in children referred for tuberculosis medical surveillance in Ontario: a single-cohort study Open
Most children were referred because of a history of prior treatment for tuberculosis; few had clinical or laboratory evidence of infection or prior disease. The tuberculosis medical surveillance process did not identify any children who re…
View article: Final Results of National Surveillance of Childhood Tuberculosis in Canada: 2013–2016
Final Results of National Surveillance of Childhood Tuberculosis in Canada: 2013–2016 Open
BACKGROUND There is little detailed epidemiologic and clinical data about tuberculosis (TB) disease in children in Canada. OBJECTIVES This study characterizes the epidemiologic, clinical, and treatment data for all cases of TB in children …
View article: Factors Associated With 30-Day Mortality Rate in Respiratory Infections Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
Factors Associated With 30-Day Mortality Rate in Respiratory Infections Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae Open
In multivariable analysis of associations between initial antibiotic therapy and clinical outcomes in 5005 patients with microbiologically confirmed Streptococcus pneumoniae infections, "discordant" empiric antibiotic therapy was not assoc…
View article: RESULTS OF NATIONAL SURVEILLANCE OF CHILDHOOD TUBERCULOSIS: 2013–2016
RESULTS OF NATIONAL SURVEILLANCE OF CHILDHOOD TUBERCULOSIS: 2013–2016 Open
\nBACKGROUND: There is little detailed epidemiologic and clinical data about tuberculosis (TB) disease in children in Canada.
View article: Diagnosis and management of pediatric tuberculosis in Canada
Diagnosis and management of pediatric tuberculosis in Canada Open
Tuberculosis (TB) is uncommon in children and adolescents in Canada, and diagnosis is often delayed because of a lack of diagnostic suspicion.[1][1] Social determinants of health, including poverty, underscore its incidence and prevalence …
View article: Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Among Immunocompromised Persons: Implications for Vaccination Programs
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Among Immunocompromised Persons: Implications for Vaccination Programs Open
Immunocompromised individuals comprised 28% of IPD. Both PPV23 and herd immunity from pediatric PCV7 were associated with reductions in IPD in immunocompromised populations. PCV13 vaccination of immunocompromised adults may substantially r…
View article: Nonresponding osteomyelitis in a two-year-old boy
Nonresponding osteomyelitis in a two-year-old boy Open
A progressive limp and swelling of the heel developed in a previously healthy two-year-old boy over a two-week period. The child had been born in India and had lived in Canada since the age of seven months. There was no history of trauma. …
View article: Epidemiology and clinical management of tuberculosis in children in Canada
Epidemiology and clinical management of tuberculosis in children in Canada Open
Although often regarded as a foreign disease, latent tuberculosis or tuberculosis disease will be encountered in many clinical situations by the Canadian child health practitioner. There are key differences between tuberculosis in children…