Ian McGowan
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View article: Predictors of virological outcomes after analytical interruption of antiretroviral therapy following immune interventions with HTI vaccines in early-treated people with HIV: a pooled analysis from the AELIX-002 and AELIX-003 clinical trials
Predictors of virological outcomes after analytical interruption of antiretroviral therapy following immune interventions with HTI vaccines in early-treated people with HIV: a pooled analysis from the AELIX-002 and AELIX-003 clinical trials Open
Randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials (RCTs) incorporating analytical treatment interruptions (ATI) are the gold standard in HIV cure research. Two independent RCTs, AELIX-002 and AELIX-003, evaluated HTI immunogen-based vaccines …
View article: Safety, immunogenicity and effect on viral rebound of HTI vaccines combined with a TLR7 agonist in early-treated HIV-1 infection: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2a trial
Safety, immunogenicity and effect on viral rebound of HTI vaccines combined with a TLR7 agonist in early-treated HIV-1 infection: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2a trial Open
View article: Treatment with the CCR5 antagonist OB-002 reduces lung pathology, but does not prevent disease in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Treatment with the CCR5 antagonist OB-002 reduces lung pathology, but does not prevent disease in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection Open
Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 pandemic, a wide range of treatment options have been evaluated in preclinical studies and clinical trials, with several being approved for use in humans. Immunomodulatory drugs have shown…
View article: Vedolizumab and ART in recent HIV-1 infection unveil the role of α4β7 in reservoir size
Vedolizumab and ART in recent HIV-1 infection unveil the role of α4β7 in reservoir size Open
BACKGROUNDWe evaluated the safety and viral rebound, after analytical treatment interruption (ATI), of vedolizumab and ART in recent HIV-1 infection. We used this model to analyze the effect of α4β7 on the HIV-1 reservoir size.METHODSParti…
View article: Affirmation, Friendship, and Volunteerism: Understanding and Facilitating what Makes LGBTQA+ Young People in Australia Feel Good About Themselves
Affirmation, Friendship, and Volunteerism: Understanding and Facilitating what Makes LGBTQA+ Young People in Australia Feel Good About Themselves Open
Introduction Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer or asexual (LGBTQA+) young people are at heightened risk of suicidality and psychological distress. Interventions in various forms are required to address this issue, which should be inform…
View article: Tenofovir Douche as HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis for Receptive Anal Intercourse: Safety, Acceptability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics (DREAM 01)
Tenofovir Douche as HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis for Receptive Anal Intercourse: Safety, Acceptability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics (DREAM 01) Open
Background Despite highly effective HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) options, no options provide on-demand, nonsystemic, behaviorally congruent PrEP that many desire. A tenofovir-medicated rectal douche before receptive anal intercourse …
View article: Ex-vivo rectal tissue infection with HIV-1 to assess time to protection following oral preexposure prophylaxis with tenofovir disoproxil/emtricitabine
Ex-vivo rectal tissue infection with HIV-1 to assess time to protection following oral preexposure prophylaxis with tenofovir disoproxil/emtricitabine Open
Objectives: We wished to assess time to protection from HIV-1 infection following oral tenofovir disoproxil and emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) as preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), using ex-vivo rectal tissue infections and drug concentration measur…
View article: A germ-free humanized mouse model shows the contribution of resident microbiota to human-specific pathogen infection
A germ-free humanized mouse model shows the contribution of resident microbiota to human-specific pathogen infection Open
View article: A germ-free humanized mouse model shows the contribution of resident microbiota to human-specific pathogen infection
A germ-free humanized mouse model shows the contribution of resident microbiota to human-specific pathogen infection Open
Germ-free (GF) mice, which are depleted of their resident microbiota, are the gold standard for exploring the role of the microbiome in health and disease; however, they are of limited value in the study of human-specific pathogens because…
View article: The Association Between Heterosexual anal Intercourse and HIV Acquisition in Three Prospective Cohorts of Women
The Association Between Heterosexual anal Intercourse and HIV Acquisition in Three Prospective Cohorts of Women Open
The extent to which receptive anal intercourse (RAI) increases the HIV acquisition risk of women compared to receptive vaginal intercourse (RVI) is poorly understood. We evaluated RAI practice over time and its association with HIV inciden…
View article: Impact of Obefazimod on Viral Persistence, Inflammation, and Immune Activation in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy
Impact of Obefazimod on Viral Persistence, Inflammation, and Immune Activation in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy Open
Background Persistence of viral reservoirs has been observed in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), despite long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART), and likely contributes to chronic immune activation and inflammation. Obefazimo…
View article: A topical rectal douche product containing Q-Griffithsin does not disrupt the epithelial border or alter CD4+ cell distribution in the human rectal mucosa
A topical rectal douche product containing Q-Griffithsin does not disrupt the epithelial border or alter CD4+ cell distribution in the human rectal mucosa Open
View article: Safety, immunogenicity and effect on viral rebound of HTI vaccines in early treated HIV-1 infection: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial
Safety, immunogenicity and effect on viral rebound of HTI vaccines in early treated HIV-1 infection: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial Open
View article: The association between heterosexual anal intercourse and HIV acquisition in three prospective cohorts of women
The association between heterosexual anal intercourse and HIV acquisition in three prospective cohorts of women Open
Receptive anal intercourse (RAI) may substantially increase HIV acquisition risk per sex act compared to receptive vaginal intercourse (RVI). To understand how levels of RAI change over time and evaluate the impact of exposure definitions …
View article: Impact of Obefazimod on Viral Persistence, Inflammation, and Immune Activation in People With HIV on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy
Impact of Obefazimod on Viral Persistence, Inflammation, and Immune Activation in People With HIV on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy Open
View article: Acceptability of a Dapivirine/Placebo Gel Administered Rectally to HIV-1 Seronegative Adults (MTN-026)
Acceptability of a Dapivirine/Placebo Gel Administered Rectally to HIV-1 Seronegative Adults (MTN-026) Open
View article: An Open-Label Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Assessment of Tenofovir Gel and Oral Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
An Open-Label Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Assessment of Tenofovir Gel and Oral Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Open
The Microbicide Trials Network-017 study was undertaken to characterize the safety, acceptability, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacodynamic profile of the reduced-glycerin (RG) 1% tenofovir (RG-TFV) gel compared to oral emtricitabine/teno…
View article: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1 Safety, and Pharmacokinetic Study of Dapivirine Gel (0.05%) Administered Rectally to HIV-1 Seronegative Adults (MTN-026)
A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1 Safety, and Pharmacokinetic Study of Dapivirine Gel (0.05%) Administered Rectally to HIV-1 Seronegative Adults (MTN-026) Open
Dapivirine (DPV), formulated as vaginal ring, demonstrated HIV risk reduction. MTN-026 explored DPV, formulated as rectal gel, for safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and acceptability. HIV-uninfected men and women aged 18-45 years were enrolle…
View article: A Randomized, Open-Label, Crossover Phase 1 Safety and Pharmacokinetic Study of Oral Maraviroc and Maraviroc 1% Gel (the CHARM-03 Study)
A Randomized, Open-Label, Crossover Phase 1 Safety and Pharmacokinetic Study of Oral Maraviroc and Maraviroc 1% Gel (the CHARM-03 Study) Open
The Combination HIV Antiretroviral Rectal Microbicide-3 (CHARM-03) study was a randomized, open-label, crossover Phase 1 safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of oral maraviroc (MVC) and MVC 1% gel. At a single site, healthy HIV-uninfected…
View article: Safety and Pharmacokinetics of a Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate-Emtricitabine based Oral Antiretroviral Regimen for Prevention of HIV Acquisition in Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of a Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate-Emtricitabine based Oral Antiretroviral Regimen for Prevention of HIV Acquisition in Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial Open
View article: Higher colorectal tissue HIV infectivity in cisgender women compared with MSM before and during oral preexposure prophylaxis
Higher colorectal tissue HIV infectivity in cisgender women compared with MSM before and during oral preexposure prophylaxis Open
Objective: The objective of this study was to compare HIV-negative cisgender women (CGW) with MSM for mucosal tissue differences in pharmacokinetics, HIV infectivity and cell phenotype. Design: A substudy of HPTN 069/ACTG A5305, 48-week st…
View article: Tofacitinib inhibits inflammatory cytokines from ulcerative colitis and healthy mucosal explants and is associated with pSTAT1/3 reduction in T-cells
Tofacitinib inhibits inflammatory cytokines from ulcerative colitis and healthy mucosal explants and is associated with pSTAT1/3 reduction in T-cells Open
Using colorectal biopsy material from healthy volunteers and patients with clinically defined IBD supports translational research by informing the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and target engagement for the development of new therapeu…
View article: Brief Report: Dipyridamole Decreases Gut Mucosal Regulatory T-Cell Frequencies Among People With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy
Brief Report: Dipyridamole Decreases Gut Mucosal Regulatory T-Cell Frequencies Among People With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy Open
Background: We had previously conducted a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled, partial cross-over trial showing that 12 weeks of dipyridamole decreased CD8 + T-cell activation among treated HIV(+) individuals by increasing extracel…
View article: Receptive anal sex contributes substantially to heterosexually acquired HIV infections among at‐risk women in twenty US cities: Results from a modelling analysis
Receptive anal sex contributes substantially to heterosexually acquired HIV infections among at‐risk women in twenty US cities: Results from a modelling analysis Open
Problem Receptive anal intercourse (RAI) is more efficient than receptive vaginal intercourse (RVI) at transmitting HIV, but its contribution to heterosexually acquired HIV infections among at‐risk women in the USA is unclear. Method of st…
View article: Receptive anal sex contributes substantially to heterosexually acquired HIV infections among at-risk women in twenty US cities: Results from a modelling analysis
Receptive anal sex contributes substantially to heterosexually acquired HIV infections among at-risk women in twenty US cities: Results from a modelling analysis Open
Problem: Receptive anal intercourse (RAI) is more efficient than receptive vaginal intercourse (RVI) at transmitting HIV, but its contribution to heterosexually acquired HIV infections among at-risk women in the USA is unclear. Method of s…
View article: The human tissue-resident CCR5 <sup>+</sup> T cell compartment maintains protective and functional properties during inflammation
The human tissue-resident CCR5 <sup>+</sup> T cell compartment maintains protective and functional properties during inflammation Open
Human CD69 + CCR5 + T cells in mucosal tissues are poised to maintain barrier immunity in healthy and inflamed tissues.
View article: Increases in HIV Incidence Following Receptive Anal Intercourse Among Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Increases in HIV Incidence Following Receptive Anal Intercourse Among Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Open
Receptive anal intercourse (RAI) carries a greater per-act risk of HIV acquisition than receptive vaginal intercourse (RVI) and may influence HIV epidemics driven by heterosexual sex. This systematic review explores the association between…
View article: Treatment with commonly used antiretroviral drugs induces a type I/III interferon signature in the gut in the absence of HIV infection
Treatment with commonly used antiretroviral drugs induces a type I/III interferon signature in the gut in the absence of HIV infection Open
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) are used for HIV treatment and prevention. Previously, we found that topical rectal tenofovir gel caused immunological changes in the mucosa. Here we assessed the effect of oral T…
View article: The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and mucosal responses to maraviroc-containing pre-exposure prophylaxis regimens in MSM
The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and mucosal responses to maraviroc-containing pre-exposure prophylaxis regimens in MSM Open
MVC-containing HIV PrEP regimens did not increase GALT CD4+ T-cell activation or the CD4+/CCR5+ phenotype. No virologic suppression was seen with MVC-alone at Week 48 compared with combination regimens, suggesting MVC monotherapy might be …
View article: Prevalence and determinants of anal human papillomavirus infection in men who have sex with men and transgender women
Prevalence and determinants of anal human papillomavirus infection in men who have sex with men and transgender women Open
Human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence varies by population. This study investigated anal HPV type detection risk by country in a population of men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) at risk of HIV. Sexually active HIV-1…