Ihshan Akthar
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View article: Toll-like receptor 2 activation of early divided bovine embryo promotes its viability and development competence in vitro
Toll-like receptor 2 activation of early divided bovine embryo promotes its viability and development competence in vitro Open
View article: TLR2 and TLR4 bridge physiological and pathological inflammation in the reproductive system
TLR2 and TLR4 bridge physiological and pathological inflammation in the reproductive system Open
View article: Peptidoglycan derived from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus acidophilus suppress TLR2/1-mediated inflammation in bovine endometrial epithelial cells
Peptidoglycan derived from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus acidophilus suppress TLR2/1-mediated inflammation in bovine endometrial epithelial cells Open
Bacteria and associated products are factors in the pathogenesis of bovine endometrial inflammation, contributing to reproductive dysfunction. While peptidoglycan derived from Staphylococcus aureus (PGN-Sa) has been demonstrated to induce …
View article: Platelet secretions exert anti-inflammatory effects in vitro on neutrophils and uterine epithelia in cattle: a possible role in amplifying the uterine immune network toward pregnancy
Platelet secretions exert anti-inflammatory effects in vitro on neutrophils and uterine epithelia in cattle: a possible role in amplifying the uterine immune network toward pregnancy Open
Background Platelet derivatives improve the uterine immune environment and increase pregnancy success in humans and animals. Platelet-conditioned media (PCM) contain all molecules derived from platelets in vitro (platelet secretions). The …
View article: Semen extender triggers a mild physiological inflammatory response in the uterus without disrupting sperm-uterine immune crosstalk <i>in vitro</i> in cattle
Semen extender triggers a mild physiological inflammatory response in the uterus without disrupting sperm-uterine immune crosstalk <i>in vitro</i> in cattle Open
Artificial insemination (AI) in cattle involves introducing frozen-thawed sperm, a minimal amount of seminal plasma, and a significant volume of semen extender (SE) into the uterus. Previous studies have demonstrated that sperm interact wi…
View article: Sperm hyperactivation in the uterus and oviduct: a double-edged sword for sperm and maternal innate immunity toward fertility
Sperm hyperactivation in the uterus and oviduct: a double-edged sword for sperm and maternal innate immunity toward fertility Open
In cattle, artificial insemination (AI) is a technique that allows breeding by depositing frozen-thawed and extended semen into the female reproductive tract. The semen contains sperm with various motility patterns including dead, progress…
View article: Activation of sperm Toll-like receptor 2 induces hyperactivation to enhance the penetration to mucus and uterine glands: a trigger for the uterine inflammatory cascade in cattle
Activation of sperm Toll-like receptor 2 induces hyperactivation to enhance the penetration to mucus and uterine glands: a trigger for the uterine inflammatory cascade in cattle Open
It is known that sperm and seminal plasma (SP) affect uterine immunity. In cattle, artificial insemination enables breeding by depositing frozen and largely diluted sperm with a negligible amount of SP into the uterus. Thus, the present st…
View article: Hyaluronan regulates sperm-induced inflammatory response by enhancing sperm attachment to bovine endometrial epithelial cells via CD44: in-silico and in-vitro approaches
Hyaluronan regulates sperm-induced inflammatory response by enhancing sperm attachment to bovine endometrial epithelial cells via CD44: in-silico and in-vitro approaches Open
Recently, we reported that sperm induce cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) expression and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-mediated inflammatory response in bovine uterus. In the present study, we hypothesized that the interaction between CD4…
View article: Sperm activate TLR2/TLR1 heterodimerization to induce a weak proinflammatory response in the bovine uterus
Sperm activate TLR2/TLR1 heterodimerization to induce a weak proinflammatory response in the bovine uterus Open
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling pathway is involved in the sperm-triggered uterine inflammatory response at insemination, but its precise mechanism at molecular-level remains unknown. According to the ligand specificity, TLR2 forms a…
View article: Peptidoglycan Switches Off the TLR2-Mediated Sperm Recognition and Triggers Sperm Localization in the Bovine Endometrium
Peptidoglycan Switches Off the TLR2-Mediated Sperm Recognition and Triggers Sperm Localization in the Bovine Endometrium Open
In mammals, the uterine mucosal immune system simultaneously recognizes and reacts to most bacteria as well as allogenic sperm mainly through the Toll-like receptors (TLR)2/4 signaling pathway. Here, we characterized the impact of pathogen…
View article: Sensing sperm via maternal immune system: a potential mechanism for controlling microenvironment for fertility in the cow
Sensing sperm via maternal immune system: a potential mechanism for controlling microenvironment for fertility in the cow Open