Ingrid Hoeritzauer
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View article: The Impact of Pregnancy on Functional Neurological Disorder ( <scp>FND</scp> )
The Impact of Pregnancy on Functional Neurological Disorder ( <span>FND</span> ) Open
Background Functional neurological disorder (FND) commonly affects women of reproductive age, yet little is known about its interaction with pregnancy and childbirth. We aimed to explore FND symptom changes during pregnancy, delivery and t…
View article: From hospital discharge to long-term care: Unmet rehabilitation needs in cauda equina syndrome patients from a national UK cohort
From hospital discharge to long-term care: Unmet rehabilitation needs in cauda equina syndrome patients from a national UK cohort Open
Objectives: Although long term disability may be a consequence of cauda equina syndrome (CES), the evidence base for the effect of rehabilitation or different rehabilitation strategies is lacking. Our aim was to understand long term neurol…
View article: Beyond Surgery: Navigating Postoperative Care for Cauda Equina Syndrome Through a Scoping Review
Beyond Surgery: Navigating Postoperative Care for Cauda Equina Syndrome Through a Scoping Review Open
Despite the risk of devastating injury and a recent Getting It Right First Time pathway recommending rehabilitation post CES surgery, there is very limited literature on rehabilitation for CES. Future high-quality rehabilitation trials fol…
View article: Functional neurological disorder in pregnancy, labour and the postpartum period: systematic review
Functional neurological disorder in pregnancy, labour and the postpartum period: systematic review Open
Aims and method Functional neurological disorder (FND) most often presents in women of childbearing age, but little is known about its course and outcomes during pregnancy, labour and postpartum (the perinatal period). We searched MEDLINE,…
View article: Fowler’s syndrome—Patient led phenotyping of 265 patients
Fowler’s syndrome—Patient led phenotyping of 265 patients Open
Aims:: To better understand Fowler’s syndrome from a patient perspective. Methods:: The survey was created by the Fowler’s syndrome UK charity(FSUK, registered charity number 1196903), and advertised to patients with a diagnosis of Fowler’…
View article: Pain and functional neurological disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Pain and functional neurological disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis Open
Background Functional neurological disorder (FND) is characterised by neurological symptoms, such as seizures and abnormal movements. Despite its significance to patients, the clinical features of chronic pain in people with FND, and of FN…
View article: Functional neurological disorder: defying dualism
Functional neurological disorder: defying dualism Open
Functional neurological disorder (FND) is classified in the DSM-5-TR as "functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder)" and in the chapter on mental disorders of the ICD-11 as "dissociative neurological symptom disorder". …
View article: Diagnosis of cauda equina syndrome in the emergency department
Diagnosis of cauda equina syndrome in the emergency department Open
Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a spinal emergency that can be challenging to identify from among the many patients presenting to EDs with low back and/or radicular leg pain. This article presents a practical guide to the assessment and ear…
View article: Functional neurological disorder: A common reason for a neurology inpatient referral
Functional neurological disorder: A common reason for a neurology inpatient referral Open
Background and purpose In 2021, the European Academy of Neurology's training requirements were updated to include functional neurological disorder (FND) as a core topic for the first time. To reinforce these changes, we aimed to understand…
View article: Anomalies in the review process and interpretation of the evidence in the NICE guideline for chronic fatigue syndrome and myalgic encephalomyelitis
Anomalies in the review process and interpretation of the evidence in the NICE guideline for chronic fatigue syndrome and myalgic encephalomyelitis Open
Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is a disabling long-term condition of unknown cause. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published a guideline in 2021 that highlighted the seriousness of…
View article: Functional neurological disorder is common in patients attending chronic pain clinics
Functional neurological disorder is common in patients attending chronic pain clinics Open
Background and purpose Chronic pain is a common comorbidity in those with functional neurological disorder (FND); however, the prevalence and characteristics of FND in those with chronic pain is unknown. Methods A retrospective electronic …
View article: Functional neurological disorder is a feminist issue
Functional neurological disorder is a feminist issue Open
Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common and disabling disorder, often misunderstood by clinicians. Although viewed sceptically by some, FND is a diagnosis that can be made accurately, based on positive clinical signs, with clini…
View article: More questions than answers to the diagnosis and management of cauda equina syndrome—authors’ reply
More questions than answers to the diagnosis and management of cauda equina syndrome—authors’ reply Open
View article: What is brain fog?
What is brain fog? Open
Background The term ‘brain fog’ is increasingly used colloquially to describe difficulties in the cognitive realm. But what is brain fog? What sort of experiences do people talk about when they talk about brain fog? And, in turn, what migh…
View article: Presentation, management, and outcomes of cauda equina syndrome up to one year after surgery, using clinician and participant reporting: a multi-centre prospective cohort study
Presentation, management, and outcomes of cauda equina syndrome up to one year after surgery, using clinician and participant reporting: a multi-centre prospective cohort study Open
View article: Demographics of Cauda Equina Syndrome: A Population-Based Incidence Study
Demographics of Cauda Equina Syndrome: A Population-Based Incidence Study Open
Introduction: Cauda equina syndrome (CES) has significant medical, social, and legal consequences. Understanding the number of people presenting with CES and their demographic features is essential for planning healthcare services to ensur…
View article: Long-term mental wellbeing and functioning after surgery for cauda equina syndrome
Long-term mental wellbeing and functioning after surgery for cauda equina syndrome Open
Introduction Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES) can cause persisting life-changing dysfunction. There is scarce literature regarding the long-term assessment of CES symptoms, and rarer still is the impact of these symptoms on mental wellbeing inv…
View article: Suspected cauda equina syndrome: no reduction in investigation, referral and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic
Suspected cauda equina syndrome: no reduction in investigation, referral and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic Open
Introduction Compression of the cauda equina can lead to bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction with lower limb pain, numbness and weakness. Urgent surgical decompression aims to prevent progressive neurological deficit. Symptoms of cauda e…
View article: A practical review of functional neurological disorder (FND) for the general physician
A practical review of functional neurological disorder (FND) for the general physician Open
View article: What is the incidence of cauda equina syndrome? A systematic review
What is the incidence of cauda equina syndrome? A systematic review Open
OBJECTIVE Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a surgical emergency requiring timely operative intervention to prevent symptom progression. Accurately establishing the incidence of CES is required to inform healthcare service design and delivery…
View article: Evaluation of nationwide referral pathways, investigation and treatment of suspected cauda equina syndrome in the United Kingdom
Evaluation of nationwide referral pathways, investigation and treatment of suspected cauda equina syndrome in the United Kingdom Open
This is the largest known study of the investigation and management of suspected CES. We found that the majority of referrals were made without adequate investigations. Most patients were referred out-of-hours and many were transferred for…
View article: An assessment of patient-reported long-term outcomes following surgery for cauda equina syndrome
An assessment of patient-reported long-term outcomes following surgery for cauda equina syndrome Open
With a mean follow-up time of 43 months, these findings confirm the high prevalence of long-term bladder, sexual and physical dysfunction in CES patients and that a diagnosis of CES-R confers poorer outcomes. This study provides useful, ob…
View article: How Do I Explain the Diagnosis of Functional Movement Disorder to a Patient?
How Do I Explain the Diagnosis of Functional Movement Disorder to a Patient? Open
Functional movement disorders (FMDs) are common in neurological practice and a source of significant distress and disability. There is consensus that successful explanation which helps the patient feel confident that the diagnosis is corre…
View article: 21 Understanding foreign accent syndrome
21 Understanding foreign accent syndrome Open
Objectives/Aims Foreign accent syndrome (FAS) is a disorder of speech in which listeners perceive the affected individual as speaking with a foreign or different regional accent that is not their habitual accent. FAS is widely understood a…
View article: 11 The bladder and the brain: exploring functional urological symptoms
11 The bladder and the brain: exploring functional urological symptoms Open
Ingrid Hoeritzauer is a neurologist who also has a degree in psychology. She works with the Functional Research Team led by Jon Stone and Alan Carson in Edinburgh and received an ABN/Patrick Berthoud Clinical Research Training Fello…
View article: Understanding foreign accent syndrome
Understanding foreign accent syndrome Open
Objective Foreign accent syndrome (FAS) is widely understood as an unusual consequence of structural neurological damage, but may sometimes represent a functional neurological disorder. This observational study aimed to assess the prevalen…
View article: Screening for functional neurological disorders by questionnaire
Screening for functional neurological disorders by questionnaire Open
View article: Effects of fluoxetine on functional outcomes after acute stroke (FOCUS): a pragmatic, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial
Effects of fluoxetine on functional outcomes after acute stroke (FOCUS): a pragmatic, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial Open
View article: Understanding cauda equina syndrome: protocol for a UK multicentre prospective observational cohort study
Understanding cauda equina syndrome: protocol for a UK multicentre prospective observational cohort study Open
Introduction Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a potentially devastating condition caused by compression of the cauda equina nerve roots. This can result in bowel, bladder and sexual dysfunction plus lower limb weakness, numbness and pain. CE…
View article: Complex regional pain syndrome and functional neurological disorders – time for reconciliation
Complex regional pain syndrome and functional neurological disorders – time for reconciliation Open
There have been many articles highlighting differences and similarities between complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and functional neurological disorders (FND) but until now the discussions have often been adversarial with an erroneous f…