Abstract Objective Dysfunction of the microbiota–gut–brain axis is emerging as a new pathogenic mechanism in epilepsy, potentially impacting on medication response and disease outcome. We investigated the composition of the gut microbiota in a cohort of medication‐resistant (MR) and medication‐sensitive (MS) pediatric patients with epilepsy. Methods Children with epilepsy of genetic and presumed genetic etiologies were evaluated clinically and subgrouped into MR and MS. Age‐matched healthy controls (HCs) were also…