Ivan M. Lang
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View article: The pharyngeal phase of swallowing controls deglutitive inhibition
The pharyngeal phase of swallowing controls deglutitive inhibition Open
Deglutitive inhibition is caused by central inhibition of ongoing esophageal phase of swallowing during the new pharyngeal phase by short-term cessation of striated muscle peristalsis and longer-term reduction in smooth muscle peristaltic …
View article: Coordination of Pharyngeal and Esophageal Phases of Swallowing
Coordination of Pharyngeal and Esophageal Phases of Swallowing Open
Although swallowing has been reviewed extensively, the coordination of the phases of swallowing have not. The phases are controlled by the brainstem, but peripheral factors help coordinate the phases. The occurrence, magnitude, and duratio…
View article: Malondialdehyde-specific natural IgM inhibit toll-like receptor 4 and peptidyl-arginine deiminase 4-dependent NETosis triggered by coronary extracellular vesicles of myocardial infarction patients
Malondialdehyde-specific natural IgM inhibit toll-like receptor 4 and peptidyl-arginine deiminase 4-dependent NETosis triggered by coronary extracellular vesicles of myocardial infarction patients Open
Background Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are critical mediators of thromboinflammation during acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, triggers and signalling pathways of NETosis in AMI remain incompletely understood. Levels of …
View article: Biomechanical increase in cervical esophageal wall tension during peristalsis
Biomechanical increase in cervical esophageal wall tension during peristalsis Open
Circumferential tension of cervical esophagus (CTE) increases during esophageal peristalsis. CTE response is correlated with distal longitudinal tension on cervical esophagus during esophageal peristalsis but not laryngeal elevation or eso…
View article: Biomechanical effects of esophageal elongation on the circumferential tension of the cervical esophagus in vivo
Biomechanical effects of esophageal elongation on the circumferential tension of the cervical esophagus in vivo Open
Physical or physiological esophageal elongation increases esophageal circumferential active or passive tension by a biomechanical process, which causes a decrease in esophageal circumferential elasticity. This increased stiffness of the es…
View article: Physiology of the Digestive Tract Correlates of Vomiting
Physiology of the Digestive Tract Correlates of Vomiting Open
Emesis is composed of 3 independent digestive tract correlates that are individually organized by a brainstem neural network and all 3 hierarchically organized by a central pattern generator. The central pattern generator may be in the Böt…
View article: A biomechanical response of the esophagus participates in swallowing
A biomechanical response of the esophagus participates in swallowing Open
The pharyngeal phase of swallowing includes increased circumferential tension of the cervical esophagus during the pharyngeal phase of swallowing (CTPP). The CTPP is a biomechanical response caused by elongation of the esophagus during lar…
View article: The role of the area postrema in belching
The role of the area postrema in belching Open
Introduction: The primary reflex involved with belching is associated with the activation of neurons in the area postrema (AP), therefore, we investigated the role of the AP in the activation of belching. Methods: The effects of mechanical…
View article: The Physiology of Esophageal Reflexes
The Physiology of Esophageal Reflexes Open
Several digestive tract reflexes involving the esophagus and its sphincter muscles have been identified, but to date, no comprehensive review has addressed most of these reflexes. The current review presents the known physiology of differe…
View article: Mechanisms of bradycardia in premature infants: Aerodigestive–cardiac regulatory–rhythm interactions
Mechanisms of bradycardia in premature infants: Aerodigestive–cardiac regulatory–rhythm interactions Open
In control infants and those with recurrent bradycardia, pharyngeal stimulation results in similar PECR response characteristics. However, when severe bradycardia occurs, PECR response characteristics are distinct. The mechanisms of severe…
View article: Characterization and mechanism of the esophago-esophageal contractile reflex of the striated muscle esophagus
Characterization and mechanism of the esophago-esophageal contractile reflex of the striated muscle esophagus Open
An esophago-esophageal contractile reflex (EECR) of the cervical esophagus has been identified in humans. The aim of this study was to characterize and determine the mechanisms of the EECR. Cats ( n = 35) were decerebrated, electrodes were…
View article: Pharyngoesophageal and cardiorespiratory interactions: potential implications for premature infants at risk of clinically significant cardiorespiratory events
Pharyngoesophageal and cardiorespiratory interactions: potential implications for premature infants at risk of clinically significant cardiorespiratory events Open
The aims of this study were to 1) examine pharyngoesophageal and cardiorespiratory responses to provoking pharyngeal stimuli, and 2) to determine potential contributory factors impacting heart rate (HR) changes to provide insight into card…
View article: Effects of esophageal acidification on esophageal reflexes controlling the upper esophageal sphincter
Effects of esophageal acidification on esophageal reflexes controlling the upper esophageal sphincter Open
Esophageal acid exposure can alter upper esophageal sphincter (UES) function, but the mechanism is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of esophageal acid exposure on esophago-UES relaxation (EURR) and contractile (E…
View article: Characterization and mechanisms of the supragastric belch in the cat
Characterization and mechanisms of the supragastric belch in the cat Open
A response in which a belch occurs without gastric involvement, i.e., the supragastric belch (SGB), has been characterized in humans. The aims of this study were to determine whether animals have an SGB and, if so, to determine its mechani…
View article: Characterization and mechanisms of the pharyngeal swallow activated by stimulation of the esophagus
Characterization and mechanisms of the pharyngeal swallow activated by stimulation of the esophagus Open
Stimulation of the esophagus activates the pharyngeal swallow response (EPSR) in human infants and animals. The aims of this study were to characterize the stimulus and response of the EPSR and to determine the function and mechanisms gene…
View article: Mechanisms of airway responses to esophageal acidification in cats
Mechanisms of airway responses to esophageal acidification in cats Open
Acid in the esophagus causes airway constriction, tracheobronchial mucous secretion, and a decrease in tracheal mucociliary transport rate. This study was designed to investigate the neuropharmacological mechanisms controlling these respon…
View article: The Role of Central and Enteric Nervous Systems in the Control of the Retrograde Giant Contraction
The Role of Central and Enteric Nervous Systems in the Control of the Retrograde Giant Contraction Open
The CNS activates the RGC 10 to 20 cm aborad of its innervation of the intestine and controls the RGC sequence. On the other hand, the ENS plays a role in initiation and generation of the RGC.