Robert J. Bodnar
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View article: The role of magma differentiation in optimizing the fluid-assisted extraction of copper to generate large porphyry-type deposits
The role of magma differentiation in optimizing the fluid-assisted extraction of copper to generate large porphyry-type deposits Open
Porphyry copper deposits (PCDs) are the main source of copper globally, with the metals transported in and deposited from aqueous magmatic fluids. Processes that define the volume of magma and concentration of copper in the magma required …
View article: Review: The hydrogeology of critical mineral resources relevant to the energy transition
Review: The hydrogeology of critical mineral resources relevant to the energy transition Open
Attaining the goals of the international treaty on climate change (the Paris Agreement) will greatly increase the demand for the critical minerals required to implement clean-energy technologies. This poses both challenges and opportunitie…
View article: Elucidating the Role of InGaAs and InAlAs Buffers on Carrier Dynamics of Tensile-Strained Ge Double Heterostructures
Elucidating the Role of InGaAs and InAlAs Buffers on Carrier Dynamics of Tensile-Strained Ge Double Heterostructures Open
Extensive research efforts of strained germanium (Ge) are currently underway due to its unique properties, namely, (i) possibility of band gap and strain engineering to achieve a direct band gap, thus exhibiting superior radiative properti…
View article: Ocean chemistry archived in modern evaporites: implications for robust seawater and CO2 reconstructions from Earth’s past
Ocean chemistry archived in modern evaporites: implications for robust seawater and CO2 reconstructions from Earth’s past Open
The chemical history of seawater provides key information on Earth’s geologic processes and is fundamental for robust CO2 reconstructions. The knowledge of the secular evolution of the oceanic boron isotope budget is particularly imp…
View article: Insights into magma storage depths and eruption controls at Kīlauea Volcano during explosive and effusive periods of the past 500 years based on melt and fluid inclusions
Insights into magma storage depths and eruption controls at Kīlauea Volcano during explosive and effusive periods of the past 500 years based on melt and fluid inclusions Open
Kīlauea Volcano experiences centuries-long cycles of explosive and effusive eruptive behavior, but the relation, if any, between these eruptive styles and changing conditions in the magma plumbing system remains poorly known. We analyze ol…
View article: Mapping the Ge/InAl(Ga)As interfacial electronic structure and strain relief mechanism in germanium quantum dots
Mapping the Ge/InAl(Ga)As interfacial electronic structure and strain relief mechanism in germanium quantum dots Open
Germanium quantum dots (QDs) with defect-free regions and clusters of stacking faults (SFs) relieved the strain from Ge QDs.
View article: GeSn-on-GaAs with photoconductive carrier lifetime >400 ns: role of substrate orientation and atomistic simulation
GeSn-on-GaAs with photoconductive carrier lifetime >400 ns: role of substrate orientation and atomistic simulation Open
Microwave reflection photoconductive decay carrier lifetimes of Ge0.94Sn0.06 materials on oriented GaAs substrates at 300 K.
View article: Constraining the volatile evolution of mafic melts at Mt. Somma–Vesuvius, Italy, based on the composition of reheated melt inclusions and their olivine hosts
Constraining the volatile evolution of mafic melts at Mt. Somma–Vesuvius, Italy, based on the composition of reheated melt inclusions and their olivine hosts Open
Mount Somma–Vesuvius is a stratovolcano that represents a geological hazard to the population of the city of Naples and surrounding towns in southern Italy. Historically, volcanic eruptions at Mt. Somma–Vesuvius (SV) include high-magnitude…
View article: Secular evolution of boron isotope composition of seawater archived in evaporites?
Secular evolution of boron isotope composition of seawater archived in evaporites? Open
The boron isotope composition of the ocean is homogeneous, but varies on multi-million year time scales, given its residence time of approximately 10 million years. To date, the secular evolution of the oceanic boron isotope budget has bee…
View article: THE OCCURRENCE AND ROLE OF FLUIDS IN THE LITHOSPHERIC MANTLE
THE OCCURRENCE AND ROLE OF FLUIDS IN THE LITHOSPHERIC MANTLE Open
Recent studies have shown that the asthenospheric mantle contains significant amounts of H 2 O, mostly occurring as protons (hydrogen ions) in defects in nominally anhydrous phases such as olivine, pyroxene, and garnet, as well as in perov…
View article: Multivalley Electron Conduction at the Indirect-Direct Crossover Point in Highly Tensile-Strained Germanium
Multivalley Electron Conduction at the Indirect-Direct Crossover Point in Highly Tensile-Strained Germanium Open
As forward-looking electron devices increasingly adopt high-mobility low-band-gap materials, such as germanium (Ge), questions remain regarding the feasibility of strain engineering in low-band-gap systems. Particularly, the Ge L-Γ valley …
View article: Opening-mode fracturing and cementation during hydrocarbon generation in shale: An example from the Barnett Shale, Delaware Basin, West Texas
Opening-mode fracturing and cementation during hydrocarbon generation in shale: An example from the Barnett Shale, Delaware Basin, West Texas Open
Relative timing of fracturing is a key input for predictive fracture models, but timing information for fractures is commonly difficult to obtain. In this study, we used crosscutting relations and fluid inclusion assemblage temperatures fr…
View article: Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu: Direct evidence from returned samples
Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu: Direct evidence from returned samples Open
Samples of the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu were brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We analyzed 17 Ryugu samples measuring 1 to 8 millimeters. Carbon dioxide–bearing water inclusions are present within a pyrrhotite crystal, indic…
View article: Mapping the Interfacial Electronic Structure of Strain-Engineered Epitaxial Germanium Grown on In<sub><i>x</i></sub>Al<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>As Stressors
Mapping the Interfacial Electronic Structure of Strain-Engineered Epitaxial Germanium Grown on In<sub><i>x</i></sub>Al<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>As Stressors Open
The indirect nature of silicon (Si) emission currently limits the monolithic integration of photonic circuitry with Si electronics. Approaches to circumvent the optical shortcomings of Si include band structure engineering via alloying (e.…
View article: The Coles Hill Uranium Deposit, Virginia, USA: Geology, Geochemistry, Geochronology, and Genetic Model
The Coles Hill Uranium Deposit, Virginia, USA: Geology, Geochemistry, Geochronology, and Genetic Model Open
The Coles Hill uranium deposit, with an indicated resource of about 130 Mlb of U3O8, is the largest unmined uranium deposit in the United States. The deposit is hosted in the Taconian (approx. 480–450 Ma) Martinsville igneous complex, whic…
View article: Examining volatiles and pre-eruptive storage histories of Nyiragongo’s most primitive magmas
Examining volatiles and pre-eruptive storage histories of Nyiragongo’s most primitive magmas Open
Nyiragongo, one of the East African Rift's most active volcanoes, emits voluminous quantities of CO 2 and SO 2 (Werner et al. 2019, Sawyer et al. 2008).Due to a paucity of higher-Mg magmas erupted from Nyiragongo's central vent system, the…
View article: Biogenic formation of amorphous carbon by anaerobic methanotrophs and select methanogens
Biogenic formation of amorphous carbon by anaerobic methanotrophs and select methanogens Open
Anaerobic methanotrophs and methanogens synthesize amorphous carbon.
View article: Synthetic Fluid Inclusions XXIV. In situ Monitoring of the Carbonation of Olivine Under Conditions Relevant to Carbon Capture and Storage Using Synthetic Fluid Inclusion Micro-Reactors: Determination of Reaction Rates
Synthetic Fluid Inclusions XXIV. In situ Monitoring of the Carbonation of Olivine Under Conditions Relevant to Carbon Capture and Storage Using Synthetic Fluid Inclusion Micro-Reactors: Determination of Reaction Rates Open
Ultramafic and mafic rocks are possible targets for CO 2 sequestration via mineral carbonation. The determination of reaction kinetics and the factors that control mineralization are important in order to understand and predict how fast in…
View article: Interpretation of Recent Unrest Events (Bradyseism) at Campi Flegrei, Napoli (Italy): Comparison of Models Based on Cyclical Hydrothermal Events versus Shallow Magmatic Intrusive Events
Interpretation of Recent Unrest Events (Bradyseism) at Campi Flegrei, Napoli (Italy): Comparison of Models Based on Cyclical Hydrothermal Events versus Shallow Magmatic Intrusive Events Open
Several recent models that have been put forth to explain bradyseism at Campi Flegrei (CF), Italy, are discussed. Data obtained during long-term monitoring of the CF volcanic district has led to the development of a model based on litholog…
View article: Insight Into the Early Exhumation of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit, Syros, Greece: Combined Application of Zoned Garnet Geochronology, Thermodynamic Modeling, and Quartz Elastic Barometry
Insight Into the Early Exhumation of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit, Syros, Greece: Combined Application of Zoned Garnet Geochronology, Thermodynamic Modeling, and Quartz Elastic Barometry Open
Constraining conditions and mechanisms of the early stages of exhumation from within subduction zones is challenging. Although pressure, temperature, and age can be inferred from the exhumed rock record, it is generally difficult to derive…
View article: Reconciling early Deccan Traps CO <sub>2</sub> outgassing and pre-KPB global climate
Reconciling early Deccan Traps CO <sub>2</sub> outgassing and pre-KPB global climate Open
Significance Carbon outgassing from Large Igneous Provinces has been invoked as a mechanism to drive major climate shifts throughout Earth’s history. However, the lack of direct constraints on evolving carbon release from magmas in these p…
View article: Formation of miarolitic-class, segregation-type pegmatites in the Taishanmiao batholith, China: The role of pressure fluctuations and volatile exsolution during pegmatite formation in a closed, isochoric system
Formation of miarolitic-class, segregation-type pegmatites in the Taishanmiao batholith, China: The role of pressure fluctuations and volatile exsolution during pegmatite formation in a closed, isochoric system Open
The Taishanmiao granitic batholith, located in the Eastern Qinling Orogen in Henan Province, China, contains numerous small (mostly tens of centimeters in maximum dimension) bodies exhibiting textures and mineralogy characteristics of simp…
View article: Experimentally Induced Volumetric Re‐equilibration of Plagioclase‐Hosted Melt Inclusions
Experimentally Induced Volumetric Re‐equilibration of Plagioclase‐Hosted Melt Inclusions Open
The application of melt inclusions (MI) to infer magmatic processes assumes the MI have remained as constant mass, constant volume systems since the time of trapping. Understanding the effects of both compositional and volumetric re‐equili…
View article: Carbonatite and highly peralkaline nephelinite melts from Oldoinyo Lengai Volcano, Tanzania: The role of natrite-normative fluid degassing
Carbonatite and highly peralkaline nephelinite melts from Oldoinyo Lengai Volcano, Tanzania: The role of natrite-normative fluid degassing Open
Oldoinyo Lengai, located in the Gregory Rift in Tanzania, is a world-famous volcano owing to its uniqueness in producing natrocarbonatite melts and because of its extremely high CO2 flux. The volcano is constructed of highly peralkaline [P…