Explanipedia

A New Saturn Model of Ionospheric Transport and Electrodynamics (SMITE) Open

Omakshi Agiwal, Luke Moore, C. R. Martinis, Ingo Mueller‐Wodarg, J. D. Huba · 2025

We introduce the Saturn Model of Ionospheric Transport and Electrodynamics (SMITE), a new model that incorporates interhemispheric plasma transport using a dipole magnetic field aligned grid, and a range of dynamic processes that influence…

Electrodynamic and Ionospheric Puzzles of the 10–11 May 2024 Geomagnetic Superstorm Open

Elvira Astafyeva, Boris Maletckii, M. Foerster, Ines Dahlia Ouar, J. D. Huba , et al. · 2025

On 10 May 2024, a powerful coronal mass ejection arrived at Earth at 17:05UT and caused a major geomagnetic storm. With the minimum SYM‐H excursion of −497 nT (5‐min data), this storm is the largest geomagnetic disturbance since March 1989…

Resolving the generation mechanisms and electrodynamical effects of Medium Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs) Open

J. Klenzing, Kate Zawdie, Elvira Astafyeva, Anna Belehaki, Meghan Burleigh , et al. · 2025

The term “Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances” is used to describe a number of different propagating phenomena in ionospheric plasma density with a scale size of hundreds of km. This includes multiple generation mechanisms, inc…

Higher‐Order Gravity Waves and Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances From the Polar Vortex Jet on 11–15 January 2016: Modeling With HIAMCM‐SAMI3 and Comparison With Observations in the Thermosphere and Ionosphere Open

Sharon L. Vadas, David R. Themens, J. D. Huba, Erich Becker, Katrina Bossert , et al. · 2024

In Vadas et al. (2024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ja032521 ), we modeled the atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) during 11–14 January 2016 using the HIAMCM, and found that the polar vortex jet generates medium to large‐scale, higher‐order GWs…

HF Radar Observations and Modeling of the Impact of the 8 April 2024 Total Solar Eclipse on the Ionosphere‐Thermosphere System Open

B. Kunduri, J. B. H. Baker, J. M. Ruohoniemi, E. G. Thomas, J. D. Huba , et al. · 2024

The path of totality of the 8 April 2024 solar eclipse traversed the fields‐of‐view of four US SuperDARN radars. This rare scenario provided an excellent opportunity to monitor the large‐scale ionospheric response to the eclipse. In this s…

Development of Super Plasma Bubbles During the 7 September 2017 Geomagnetic Storm Revealed by Coupled GITM‐SAMI3 Simulations Open

Zihan Wang, Shasha Zou, J. D. Huba, A. J. Ridley · 2024

In this study, we used the coupled GITM (Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model)‐SAMI3 (Sami3 is Also a Model of the Ionosphere) model to simulate the response of the ionosphere‐thermosphere system during the 7 September 2017 geomagnetic sto…

Impact of meridional winds on the development of equatorial plasma bubbles: a review Open

J. D. Huba · 2024

The impact of meridional winds on the onset and evolution of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) is reviewed. The conventional wisdom had been that transequatorial meridional winds have a stabilizing effect on the development of EPBs during e…

Multi‐Instrument and SAMI3‐TIDAS Data Assimilation Analysis of Three‐Dimensional Ionospheric Electron Density Variations During the April 2024 Total Solar Eclipse Open

Ercha Aa, J. D. Huba, Shun‐Rong Zhang, A. J. Coster, P. J. Erickson , et al. · 2024

This paper conducts a multi‐instrument and data assimilation analysis of the three‐dimensional ionospheric electron density responses to the total solar eclipse on 08 April 2024. The altitude‐resolved electron density variations over the c…

Impacts of Storm Electric Fields and Traveling Atmospheric Disturbances Over the Americas During 23–24 April 2023 Geomagnetic Storm: Experimental Analysis Open

J. R. Souza, P. B. Dandenault, A. M. Santos, J. Riccobono, M. A. Migliozzi , et al. · 2024

The paper presents the effects of the storm‐time prompt penetration electric fields (PPEF) and traveling atmospheric disturbances (TADs) on the total electron content (TEC), foF2 and hmF2 in the American sector (north and south) during the…

Modeling Equatorial Plasma Bubbles With SAMI3/WACCM‐X: September 2017 Storm Open

J. D. Huba, G. Lu · 2024

We report results from a global simulation of the September 2017 geomagnetic storm. The global model comprises the ionospheric code SAMI3 and the atmosphere/thermosphere code WACCM‐X. We show that a train of large‐scale EPBs form in the Pa…

The Impact of Vertical Plasma Motion on the Evolution of Predawn Equatorial Plasma Bubbles on the Dayside Open

H. Kil, J. D. Huba, L. J. Paxton · 2024

This study investigates the impact of vertical ionospheric drift during daytime on the evolution of predawn equatorial plasma bubbles by conducting model simulations using “Sami3 is Another Model of the Ionosphere.” The upward drift of the…

A Novel Ionospheric Inversion Model: PINN‐SAMI3 (Physics Informed Neural Network Based on SAMI3) Open

Jiayu Ma, Haiyang Fu, J. D. Huba, Ya‐Qiu Jin · 2024

Purely data‐driven ionospheric modeling fails to adequately obey fundamental physical laws. To overcome this shortcoming, we propose a novel ionospheric inversion model, Physics‐Informed Neural Network based on fully physical models SAMI3 …

Investigation of Large Scale Traveling Atmospheric/Ionospheric Disturbances Using the Coupled SAMI3 and GITM Models Open

Aaron Bukowski, A. J. Ridley, J. D. Huba, C. E. Valladares, P. C. Anderson · 2024

We present simulation results of the vertical structure of Large Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (LSTIDs) during synthetic geomagnetic storms. These data are produced using a one‐way coupled SAMI3/Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Mo…

Modeling Equatorial Plasma Bubbles with SAMI3/WACCM-X: September 2017 Storm Open

J. D. Huba · 2023

Modeling Equatorial Plasma Bubbles with SAMI3/WACCM-X: September 2017 Storm Open

J. D. Huba · 2023

Validating Ionospheric Models Against Technologically Relevant Metrics Open

Alex T. Chartier, Josh Steele, Glenn Sugar, David R. Themens, S. K. Vines , et al. · 2023

New, open access tools have been developed to validate ionospheric models in terms of technologically relevant metrics. These are ionospheric errors on GPS 3D position, HF ham radio communications, and peak F‐region density. To demonstrate…

Modeling the Development of Plasmasphere Ducts and Irregularities With SAMI3/WACCM‐X Open

J. D. Huba, Hanli Liu · 2023

We show that atmospheric gravity waves can generate plasma ducts and irregularities in the plasmasphere using the coupled SAMI3/WACCM‐X model. We find the equatorial electron density is irregular as a function of longitude which is consist…

Investigation of Large Scale Traveling Atmospheric/Ionospheric Disturbances using the Coupled SAMI3 and GITM Models Open

Aaron Bukowski, A. J. Ridley, J. D. Huba, C. E. Valladares, P. C. Anderson · 2023

We present simulation results of the vertical structure of Large Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (LSTIDs) during synthetic geomagnetic storms. These data are produced using a one-way coupled SAMI3/GITM model, where GITM (Global Io…

SAMI3 data in netCDF format (2019-May-09) Open