Joshua D. Freilich
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Approaches to Defining the “Hate Element” of a Behavior: A Data-Driven Typology Open
This article addresses the proliferation of definitions and approaches used to characterize the hate element in behaviors motivated by hate, including hate crimes, hate speech, and behaviors motivated by prejudice against specific identiti…
Situational crime prevention as a harm mitigation policy for active shooter incidents Open
Research summary Situational crime prevention (SCP) is an environmental crime control perspective with enormous practical and policy relevance due to its practitioner‐friendly theoretical approach. This study examines whether SCP intervent…
Open-Source Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice Open
This review focuses on the use of open-source data in criminology and criminal justice research, highlighting the field's advancements through these data, optimal practices for constructing open-source databases, and key methodological hur…
Data Collection in Online Terrorism and Extremism Research: Strengths, Limitations, and Future Directions Open
There has been a growing interest among researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to analyze the online activities of extremists and terrorists. As studies in this research area have increased, various data collection techniques have em…
Mapping the scientific knowledge and approaches to defining and measuring hate crime, hate speech, and hate incidents: A systematic review Open
Background The difficulties in defining hate crime, hate incidents and hate speech, and in finding a common conceptual basis constitute a key barrier toward operationalisation in research, policy and programming. Definitions disagree about…
View article: Assessing nation‐state‐sponsored cyberattacks using aspects of Situational Crime Prevention
Assessing nation‐state‐sponsored cyberattacks using aspects of Situational Crime Prevention Open
Research Summary This study utilized a quantitative analysis of 246 cyberattack incidents reported in the Extremist CyberCrime Database to identify significant predictors of nation‐state‐sponsored cyberattacks relative to those performed b…
Introduction to the special issue on global mass shootings Open
For decades now, mass shootings have been viewed as a uniquely American problem, a crime issue that is specific to the culture, politics, and history of the United States. Only recently has research started to investigate the global contex…
Terrorism, Political Extremism, and Crime and Criminal Justice Open
This review focuses on terrorism and extremist crimes, including ideologically motivated hate crimes. Research on these topics has become more rigorous in recent decades, and more scholars have engaged in original data collection. Our asse…
PROTOCOL: Mapping the scientific knowledge and approaches to defining and measuring hate crime, hate speech, and hate incidents Open
The overall aim of the review is to map the definitions and measurement tools used to capture the whole spectrum of hate motivated behaviors, including hate crime, hate speech and hate incidents. This will benefit the field of hate studies…
View article: Introducing and Exploring the Extremist Cybercrime Database (ECCD)
Introducing and Exploring the Extremist Cybercrime Database (ECCD) Open
This study uses open source, public information to examine nation-state and non-nation-state ideologically motivated cyberattacks performed against US targets from 1998 to 2018. We created the Extremist Cyber Crime Database (ECCD) that inc…
View article: Detecting Extremists Online: Examining Online Posting Behaviors of Violent and Non-Violent Right-Wing Extremists
Detecting Extremists Online: Examining Online Posting Behaviors of Violent and Non-Violent Right-Wing Extremists Open
Like most of us, violent extremists often leave a digital footprint behind. Researchers, practitioners, and policymakers raise questions about whether violent individuals can be identified online prior to their attacks offline based on the…
Attacks from lone terrorists in the US are more severe than those who are affiliated with groups Open
US counterterrorism officials continue to grapple with the issue of lone actor terrorism. However, the extent to which these individuals are more dangerous than group-affiliated terrorists is unclear. In new research, Noah Turner, Steven C…
Triggered by defeat or victory? Assessing the impact of presidential election results on extreme right-wing mobilization online Open
Triggered by defeat or
Triggered by Defeat or Victory? Assessing the Impact of Presidential Election Results on Extreme Right-Wing Mobilization Online Open
The theoretical literature from criminology, social movements, and political sociology, among others, includes diverging views about how political outcomes could affect movements. Many theories arg...
A Mixed Method Examination of Law Enforcement Investigatory Strategies Used in Jihadi and Far-Right Foiled Terrorist Plots Before and After 9/11 Open
Empirical research on the law enforcement strategies used to prevent terrorism has increased since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Yet, few studies have examined how these preventative approaches vary based on terrorists' ideolog…
Government Policies for Counteracting Violent Extremism Open
It took the 1995 bombing of the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City and, more importantly, the four coordinated attacks of September 11, 2001, to produce substantial interest among criminologists in the empirical study of violent poli…
Is More Violent Better? The Impact of Group Participation in Violence on Group Longevity for Far-Right Extremist Groups Open
Recent research has begun to explore the causes of organizational death for domestic far-right extremist groups. An important aspect that has not been examined is whether or not a group's participation in violence influences its longevity.…
American Jihadi Terrorism: A Comparison of Homicides and Unsuccessful Plots Open
While the number of American jihadi terrorist attacks remains relatively rare, terrorist plots thwarted by law enforcement have increased since September 11, 2001. Although these law enforcement blocks of would-be terrorists are considered…
Index Open
group (ASG) 37, 265-7, 379, 429, 442-3, 444-5, 446 academics, interviews 215-16 Academy of Criminal Justice Studies 3 achievements 360-1 see also strain theory action mobilization, definition 18 action pathways, definition 18 active listen…
Measurement Issues in the Study of Terrorism: Introducing the Special Issue Open
In this article, we introduce readers to a special issue of Studies in Conflict & Terrorism on measurement issues in the study of terrorism. In recent years scholarly interest in terrorism has increased and systematic methods are now more …