J. Bruce German
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View article: Differential Psychopathology Associations Found for Docosahexaenoic Acid versus Arachidonic Acid Oxylipins of the Cytochrome P450 Pathway in Anorexia Nervosa
Differential Psychopathology Associations Found for Docosahexaenoic Acid versus Arachidonic Acid Oxylipins of the Cytochrome P450 Pathway in Anorexia Nervosa Open
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is one of the deadliest disorders in psychiatry. AN patients tend to avoid high-fat and high-calorie foods to maintain a pathologically low body weight. High-fat foods are major sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids …
View article: Generation of novel prebiotic oligosaccharide pools from fiber drives biological insight in bacterial glycan metabolism
Generation of novel prebiotic oligosaccharide pools from fiber drives biological insight in bacterial glycan metabolism Open
Prebiotic oligosaccharides are dietary supplements that modulate the intestinal gut microbiome by selectively nourishing subsets of the microbial community with a goal to enhance host health. To date, the diversity of polysaccharide compos…
View article: Development of a comprehensive food glycomic database and its application: Associations between dietary carbohydrates and insulin resistance
Development of a comprehensive food glycomic database and its application: Associations between dietary carbohydrates and insulin resistance Open
Carbohydrates are an integral part of a healthy diet. The molecular compositions of carbohydrates encompass a very broad range of unique structures with many being ill-defined. This vast structural complexity is distilled into vague catego…
View article: Dietary fiber monosaccharide content alters gut microbiome composition and fermentation
Dietary fiber monosaccharide content alters gut microbiome composition and fermentation Open
Members of the mammalian gut microbiota metabolize diverse complex carbohydrates that are not digested by the host, which are collectively labeled “dietary fiber.” While the enzymes and transporters that each strain uses to establish a nut…
View article: Fatty Acids and Their Lipogenic Enzymes in Anorexia Nervosa Clinical Subtypes
Fatty Acids and Their Lipogenic Enzymes in Anorexia Nervosa Clinical Subtypes Open
Disordered eating behavior differs between the restricting subtype (AN-R) and the binging and purging subtype (AN-BP) of anorexia nervosa (AN). Yet, little is known about how these differences impact fatty acid (FA) dysregulation in AN. To…
View article: Genome-Wide Interactions with Dairy Intake for Body Mass Index in Adults of European Descent
Genome-Wide Interactions with Dairy Intake for Body Mass Index in Adults of European Descent Open
Scope: Body weight responds variably to the intake of dairy foods. Genetic variation may contribute to inter-individual variability in associations between body weight and dairy consumption. Methods and results: A genome-wide interaction s…
View article: Acid-active proteases to optimize dietary protein digestibility: a step towards sustainable nutrition
Acid-active proteases to optimize dietary protein digestibility: a step towards sustainable nutrition Open
Introduction Historically, prioritizing abundant food production often resulted in overlooking nutrient quality and bioavailability, however, environmental concerns have now propelled sustainable nutrition and health efficacy to the forefr…
View article: What Is In A Tomato? Mapping The Building Blocks Of Food
What Is In A Tomato? Mapping The Building Blocks Of Food Open
When you bite into a tomato, what exactly are you eating? Join us for a tour of tomatoes, as we learn about the building blocks of food, known as biomolecules. Our tour explores the thousands of biomolecules in food, many of which play imp…
View article: Translating neonatal microbiome science into commercial innovation: metabolism of human milk oligosaccharides as a basis for probiotic efficacy in breast-fed infants
Translating neonatal microbiome science into commercial innovation: metabolism of human milk oligosaccharides as a basis for probiotic efficacy in breast-fed infants Open
For over a century, physicians have witnessed a common enrichment of bifidobacteria in the feces of breast-fed infants that was readily associated with infant health status. Recent advances in bacterial genomics, metagenomics, and glycomic…
View article: Milk: A Scientific Model for Diet and Health Research in the 21st Century
Milk: A Scientific Model for Diet and Health Research in the 21st Century Open
The origin of lactation and the composition, structures and functions of milk's biopolymers highlight the Darwinian pressure on lactation as a complete, nourishing and protective diet. Lactation, under the driving pressure to be a sustaina…
View article: Effects of a Novel High‐Quality Protein Infant Formula on Energetic Efficiency and Tolerance
Effects of a Novel High‐Quality Protein Infant Formula on Energetic Efficiency and Tolerance Open
Objectives: Protein overfeeding in infants can have negative effects, such as diabetes and childhood obesity; key to reducing protein intake from formula is improving protein quality. The impact of a new infant formula [study formula (SF)]…
View article: The Development of the Davis Food Glycopedia—A Glycan Encyclopedia of Food
The Development of the Davis Food Glycopedia—A Glycan Encyclopedia of Food Open
The molecular complexity of the carbohydrates consumed by humans has been deceptively oversimplified due to a lack of analytical methods that possess the throughput, sensitivity, and resolution required to provide quantitative structural i…
View article: Bifidobacterium Species Colonization in Infancy: A Global Cross-Sectional Comparison by Population History of Breastfeeding
Bifidobacterium Species Colonization in Infancy: A Global Cross-Sectional Comparison by Population History of Breastfeeding Open
Bifidobacterium species are beneficial and dominant members of the breastfed infant gut microbiome; however, their health benefits are partially species-dependent. Here, we characterize the species and subspecies of Bifidobacterium in brea…
View article: Bifidobacterium Species Colonization in Infancy: A Global Cross-Sectional Comparison by Population History of BreastFeeding
Bifidobacterium Species Colonization in Infancy: A Global Cross-Sectional Comparison by Population History of BreastFeeding Open
Bifidobacterium are a beneficial and dominant member of the breast-fed infant gut microbiome. However, the health benefits of Bifidobacterium are partially species dependent. Here we characterize the species and subspecies of Bifidobacteri…
View article: The nutritional phenotype in the age of metabolomics
The nutritional phenotype in the age of metabolomics Open
The concept of the nutritional phenotype is proposed as a defined and integrated set of genetic, proteomic, metabolomic, functional, and behavioral factors that, when measured, form the basis for assessment of human nutritional status. The…
View article: Bifidobacteria-mediated immune system imprinting early in life
Bifidobacteria-mediated immune system imprinting early in life Open
Immune-microbe interactions early in life influence the risk of allergies, asthma, and other inflammatory diseases. Breastfeeding guides healthier immune-microbe relationships by providing nutrients to specialized microbes that in turn ben…
View article: Goals in Nutrition Science 2020-2025
Goals in Nutrition Science 2020-2025 Open
Five years ago, with the editorial board of Frontiers in Nutrition, we took a leap of faith to outline the Goals for Nutrition Science – the way we see it ( 1 ). Now, in 2020, we can put ourselves to the test and take a look back. Without …
View article: Bifidobacteria-mediated immune system imprinting early in life
Bifidobacteria-mediated immune system imprinting early in life Open
SUMMARY Immune-microbe interactions early in life influence an individual’s risk of developing allergies, asthma and some autoimmune disorders. Breastfeeding helps guide the development of healthy immune-microbe relationships, in part by p…
View article: Distribution of Free and Esterified Oxylipins in Cream, Cell, and Skim Fractions of Human Milk
Distribution of Free and Esterified Oxylipins in Cream, Cell, and Skim Fractions of Human Milk Open
Human milk contains oxylipins involved in infant development. Although oxylipins have been identified in whole or skim milk, their localization within human milk cream, cell, and skim fractions is not known. This study determined the distr…
View article: Helping Mom Help Baby: Nutrition-Based Support for the Mother-Infant Dyad During Lactation
Helping Mom Help Baby: Nutrition-Based Support for the Mother-Infant Dyad During Lactation Open
Lactation and breastfeeding support the short- and long-term health of both mother and infant, yet the success of these processes depend upon individual and combined factors of the pair. Complications during pregnancy and delivery greatly …
View article: Wearable Technology to Quantify the Nutritional Intake of Adults: Validation Study
Wearable Technology to Quantify the Nutritional Intake of Adults: Validation Study Open
Background Wearable and mobile sensor technologies can be useful tools in precision nutrition research and practice, but few are reliable for obtaining accurate and precise measurements of diet and nutrition. Objective This study aimed to …
View article: Wearable Technology to Quantify the Nutritional Intake of Adults: Validation Study (Preprint)
Wearable Technology to Quantify the Nutritional Intake of Adults: Validation Study (Preprint) Open
BACKGROUND Wearable and mobile sensor technologies can be useful tools in precision nutrition research and practice, but few are reliable for obtaining accurate and precise measurements of diet and nutrition. OBJECTIVE This study aimed …
View article: Food-Intake Normalization of Dysregulated Fatty Acids in Women with Anorexia Nervosa
Food-Intake Normalization of Dysregulated Fatty Acids in Women with Anorexia Nervosa Open
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disorder affected by psychological, environmental, and biological factors. Individuals with AN avoid high-fat, high-calorie diets and have shown abnormal metabolism of fatty acids (FAs), which are ess…