R. J. Gillespie
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View article: Gilbert N. Lewis and the chemical bond: The electron pair and the octet rule from 1916 to the present day
Gilbert N. Lewis and the chemical bond: The electron pair and the octet rule from 1916 to the present day Open
We describe the development of Lewis's ideas concerning the chemical bond and in particular the concept of the electron pair bond and the octet rule. We show that the concept of the electron pair bond has endured to the present day and is …
View article: Demystifying Introductory Chemistry (the authors reply 1)
Demystifying Introductory Chemistry (the authors reply 1) Open
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTDemystifying Introductory Chemistry (the authors reply 1)R.J. Gillespie Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 5, 542Publication Date (Web):May 1, 1998Publication History Received3 August 2009Publish…
View article: The Changing Roles of Descriptive Chemistry: Integrating Reactions and Properties with Theories and Principles of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
The Changing Roles of Descriptive Chemistry: Integrating Reactions and Properties with Theories and Principles of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Open
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommentaryNEXTThe Changing Roles of Descriptive Chemistry: Integrating Reactions and Properties with Theories and Principles of Inorganic and Organic ChemistryRonald J. Gillespie Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1…
View article: The <sup>119</sup>Sn Mössbauer and solid-state NMR and the crystal and molecular structure of tin(II) bisfluorosulfate, Sn(OSO<sub>2</sub>F)<sub>2</sub>
The <sup>119</sup>Sn Mössbauer and solid-state NMR and the crystal and molecular structure of tin(II) bisfluorosulfate, Sn(OSO<sub>2</sub>F)<sub>2</sub> Open
The reaction of tin(II) fluoride with fluorosulfuric acid has been shown to produce tin(II) bisfluorosulfate. Crystals of Sn(OSO 2 F) 2 are monoclinic, space group P2 1 /c with a = 5.195(1), b = 9.709(1), c = 13.861(1) Å, β = 110.12(1)°, Z…
View article: The reactions of the chromate, dichromate, and permanganate ions with 100% sulfuric acid and dilute oleum
The reactions of the chromate, dichromate, and permanganate ions with 100% sulfuric acid and dilute oleum Open
Solutions of potassium chromate and potassium dichromate in 100% sulfuric acid and dilute oleum have been investigated by cryoscopic and conductimetric methods. It is shown that they both react to give the compound CrO 2 (HSO 4 ) 2 . The a…
View article: The crystal structures of S<sub>7</sub>NSN(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>11</sub>)<sub>2</sub>NSN(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>11</sub>)<sub>2</sub>
The crystal structures of S<sub>7</sub>NSN(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>11</sub>)<sub>2</sub>NSN(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>11</sub>)<sub>2</sub> Open
The compound S 7 NSN(CH 3 ) 2 has been prepared by the reaction of S 7 NH with S[N(CH 3 ) 2 ] 2 . Crystals are orthorhombic with a = 12.412(4), b = 23.894(6), c = 8.132(2) Å, Z = 8, space group Pbca. The structure was refined to a final ag…
View article: Mixed oxidation state compounds of antimony: a <sup>121</sup>Sb Mössbauer study of some antimony–fluorine systems
Mixed oxidation state compounds of antimony: a <sup>121</sup>Sb Mössbauer study of some antimony–fluorine systems Open
Antimony-121 Mössbauer spectra for [Sb 2 F 4 2+ ][SbF 6 − ] 2 and three compounds containing the [Sb 3 F 14 − ] ion are reported. The Mössbauer data are discussed in relation to their known structures. Two of the compounds give spectra whi…
View article: A <sup>19</sup>F nuclear magnetic resonance and Raman spectroscopic investigation of the reaction of iodine oxide pentafluoride with the Lewis acids, antimony and arsenic pentafluoride
A <sup>19</sup>F nuclear magnetic resonance and Raman spectroscopic investigation of the reaction of iodine oxide pentafluoride with the Lewis acids, antimony and arsenic pentafluoride Open
The reactions of IOF 5 with SbF 5 and with AsF 5 have been investigated at low temperature by 19 F nmr and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that SbF 5 forms labile 1:1 and 2:1 complexes whereas AsF 5 forms only a 1:1 complex. The IOF 5 is …
View article: Studies in costs of production : town milk supply farms, 1973-74
Studies in costs of production : town milk supply farms, 1973-74 Open
This Report is the second in the annual serilies of cost of production surveys on New Zealand town milk supply farms. The surveys are being undertaken by the Unit on a contract basis for the New Zealand Milk Board and the Town Milk Produce…
View article: The Radical Ion S<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>. Preparation, Electron Spin Resonance Spectrum, and Crystal Structure of Thiodithiazyl Hexafluoroarsenate S<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>AsF<sub>6</sub><sup>−</sup>
The Radical Ion S<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>. Preparation, Electron Spin Resonance Spectrum, and Crystal Structure of Thiodithiazyl Hexafluoroarsenate S<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>AsF<sub>6</sub><sup>−</sup> Open
The compound S 3 N 2 + AsF 6 − has been prepared by the reaction of S 4 N 4 with AsF 5 . The crystal structure has been determined from three-dimensional X-ray counter data. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P2 1 /c with a = 8.499(4), b…
View article: The Preparation and Properties of Complexes of Antimony and Bismuth Trifluorides with Strong Fluoride Acceptors
The Preparation and Properties of Complexes of Antimony and Bismuth Trifluorides with Strong Fluoride Acceptors Open
The reactions of antimony and bismuth trifluorides with the pentafluorides of antimony and arsenic in liquid sulfur dioxide yield the adducts SbF 3 •SbF 5 (type A), SbF 3 •AsF 5 , BiF 3 •3SbF 5 , and BiF 3 •AsF 5 ; no adducts of the triflu…
View article: A <sup>19</sup>F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Raman Spectroscopic Study of Complex Formation between Antimony Pentafluoride and the Pentafluorides of Niobium and Tantalum
A <sup>19</sup>F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Raman Spectroscopic Study of Complex Formation between Antimony Pentafluoride and the Pentafluorides of Niobium and Tantalum Open
The low temperature 19 F nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) spectra of NbF 5 –SbF 5 –SO 2 ClF and TaF 5 –SbF 5 –SO 2 ClF systems appear to indicate ionization of the pentafluorides to form niobium (tantalum) fluorocations and antimony pol…
View article: The <sup>19</sup>F nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of antimony pentafluoride, <i>cis</i>-Sb<sub>3</sub>F<sub>16</sub><sup>−</sup> and higher polyanions Sb<sub><i>n</i></sub>F<sub>5<i>n</i>+1</sub><sup>−</sup>
The <sup>19</sup>F nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of antimony pentafluoride, <i>cis</i>-Sb<sub>3</sub>F<sub>16</sub><sup>−</sup> and higher polyanions Sb<sub><i>n</i></sub>F<sub>5<i>n</i>+1</sub><sup>−</sup> Open
The resonances in the 19 F nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.), spectrum of antimony pentafluoride have been reassigned and it is shown that the fine structure observed in the spectrum of antimony pentafluoride in various inert solvents ca…
View article: Selenium tetrafluoride adducts. II. Adducts with boron trifluoride and some pentafluorides
Selenium tetrafluoride adducts. II. Adducts with boron trifluoride and some pentafluorides Open
Adducts of selenium tetrafluoride with SbF 5 , AsF 5 , NbF 5 , TaF 5 , and BF 3 have been investigated by means of infrared, Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and conductimetric and cryoscopic measurements. It is concluded…
View article: An investigation of the structures of the adducts of SF<sub>4</sub> with BF<sub>3</sub>, PF<sub>5</sub>, AsF<sub>5</sub>, and SbF<sub>5</sub> in the solid state and in solution in HF
An investigation of the structures of the adducts of SF<sub>4</sub> with BF<sub>3</sub>, PF<sub>5</sub>, AsF<sub>5</sub>, and SbF<sub>5</sub> in the solid state and in solution in HF Open
The structure of the solid adducts of SF 4 with several fluoride acceptors has been studied by investigations of the 18 F exchange between S 18 F 4 and BF 3 and between SF 4 and B 18 F 4 , the infrared spectrum of SF 4 .BF 3 , and the Rama…
View article: <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>19</sup>F nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the adduct BF<sub>3</sub>.H<sub>2</sub>O
<sup>1</sup>H and <sup>19</sup>F nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the adduct BF<sub>3</sub>.H<sub>2</sub>O Open
It is shown by low-temperature 1 H and 19 F nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) spectroscopy that boron trifluoride monohydrate is formed in dilute solutions in acetone containing both water and BF 3 . In solutions in which [H 2 O] < [BF 3…
View article: THE SULFURIC ACID SOLVENT SYSTEM: PART VII. SOLUTIONS OF SOME TIN(IV) AND LEAD(IV) COMPOUNDS
THE SULFURIC ACID SOLVENT SYSTEM: PART VII. SOLUTIONS OF SOME TIN(IV) AND LEAD(IV) COMPOUNDS Open
Solutions of tetramethyl tin trimethyl tin sulfate, di-n-butyl tin diacetate, tetraphenyl tin, and triphenyl tin hydroxide in. 100% sulfuric acid have been investigated by cryoscopic and conductimetric methods. Tetramethyl tin reacts with …
View article: NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY OF SOME SELENIUM COMPOUNDS
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY OF SOME SELENIUM COMPOUNDS Open
Selenium nuclear magnetic resonance spectra have been observed for a number of selenium compounds. Chemical shifts and coupling constants with hydrogen and fluorine have been obtained. Various systems involving selenium compounds have been…
View article: NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES OF THE PROTONATION OF WEAK BASES IN FLUOROSULFURIC ACID: V. KETONES, CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, AND SOME OTHER OXYGEN BASES
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES OF THE PROTONATION OF WEAK BASES IN FLUOROSULFURIC ACID: V. KETONES, CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, AND SOME OTHER OXYGEN BASES Open
The proton n.m.r. spectra of the conjugate acids of some ketones and carboxylic acids, and of ethyl acetate, nitromesitylene, and ethyl alcohol have been observed. A correlation has been found between the chemical shift of the C=OH + proto…
View article: THE <sup>19</sup>F N.M.R. SPECTRUM OF IF<sub>7</sub>
THE <sup>19</sup>F N.M.R. SPECTRUM OF IF<sub>7</sub> Open
It is shown that the line shape calculated for the n.m.r. spectrum of a magnetic nucleus attached to a nucleus of spin 5/2 undergoing quadrupole relaxation agrees well with the observed spectrum of iodine heptafluoride. The iodine–fluorine…
View article: NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES OF THE PROTONATION OF WEAK BASES IN FLUOROSULPHURIC ACID: III. METHYLBENZENES AND ANISOLE
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES OF THE PROTONATION OF WEAK BASES IN FLUOROSULPHURIC ACID: III. METHYLBENZENES AND ANISOLE Open
The proton magnetic resonance spectra of solutions of mesitylene, durene, pentamethylbenzene, hexamethylbenzene, m- and p-xylenes, and anisole have been studied in fluorosulphuric acid and protonation on the ring carbon atom established. R…
View article: THE SULPHURIC ACID SOLVENT SYSTEM: PART V. SOLUTIONS OF SOME ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS
THE SULPHURIC ACID SOLVENT SYSTEM: PART V. SOLUTIONS OF SOME ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS Open
The cryoscopic and conductimetric behavior of solutions of hexamethyldisiloxane, trimethylethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, and tetraphenylsilane in 100% sulphuric acid has been investigated. The measurements sho…
View article: NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES OF THE PROTONATION OF WEAK BASES IN FLUOROSULPHURIC ACID: II. AMIDES, THIOAMIDES, AND SULPHONAMIDES
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES OF THE PROTONATION OF WEAK BASES IN FLUOROSULPHURIC ACID: II. AMIDES, THIOAMIDES, AND SULPHONAMIDES Open
The proton magnetic resonance spectra of solutions of amides in fluorosulphuric acid confirm previous results which indicated that protonation of amides occurs on the carbonyl oxygen. A similar study of solutions of thioacetamide, thioacet…
View article: THE SULPHURIC ACID SOLVENT SYSTEM: PART IV. SULPHATOCOMPOUNDS OF ARSENIC (III)
THE SULPHURIC ACID SOLVENT SYSTEM: PART IV. SULPHATOCOMPOUNDS OF ARSENIC (III) Open
The cryoscopic and conductimetric behavior of arsenic (III) oxide in 100% sulphuric acid and in dilute oleum have been investigated. It is concluded that in very dilute solutions in 100% sulphuric acid, arsenic (III) oxide forms arsonyl (I…
View article: THE SULPHURIC ACID SOLVENT SYSTEM: PART III. THE PREPARATION AND STRUCTURES OF SOME COMPLEX SULPHATOBORATES
THE SULPHURIC ACID SOLVENT SYSTEM: PART III. THE PREPARATION AND STRUCTURES OF SOME COMPLEX SULPHATOBORATES Open
By neutralizing sulphuric acid solutions of tetra(hydrogensulphato)boric acid with various metal hydrogensulphates, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and strontium salts have been prepared. From the compositions of these salts, and from the res…
View article: RAMAN SPECTRA OF THE H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>–SO<sub>3</sub> AND D<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>–SO<sub>3</sub> SYSTEMS: EVIDENCE FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF POLYSULPHURIC ACIDS
RAMAN SPECTRA OF THE H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>–SO<sub>3</sub> AND D<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>–SO<sub>3</sub> SYSTEMS: EVIDENCE FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF POLYSULPHURIC ACIDS Open
The Raman spectra of oleums, i.e. mixtures of sulphur trioxide and sulphuric acid, have been re-examined. Similar measurements on the sulphur trioxide – deuterosulphuric acid (D 2 SO 4 ) system are also reported. The experimental results a…
View article: THE RAMAN SPECTRA OF SOME POLYSULPHURYL CHLORIDES AND FLUORIDES
THE RAMAN SPECTRA OF SOME POLYSULPHURYL CHLORIDES AND FLUORIDES Open
The Raman spectrum of disulphuryl chloride, S 2 O 5 Cl 2 , has been reinvestigated and the Raman spectra of S 2 O 5 F 2 , S 2 O 5 ClF, S 3 O 8 Cl 2 , S 3 O 8 F 2 , and the new compound S 3 O 8 ClF are reported for the first time. The vibra…
View article: THE VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA OF SULPHURYL AND THIONYL HALIDES
THE VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA OF SULPHURYL AND THIONYL HALIDES Open
New assignments are proposed for the fundamental frequencies of SOF 2 , SOCl 2 , SO 2 Cl 2 , SO 2 F 2 , and SO 2 FBr, based on new measurements of the Raman spectrum of SO 2 Cl 2 and previous measurements of the infrared and Raman spectra …