Explanipedia

Reflections on a hybrid model for psychiatry exam preparation using conversational AI Open

James O’Carroll, John Lally · 2025

The time has come for revising the rules of clozapine blood monitoring in Europe. A joint expert statement from the European Clozapine Task Force Open

Hélène Verdoux, Robert A. Bittner, Alkomiet Hasan, Mishal Qubad, Elias Wagner , et al. · 2025

The European Clozapine Task Force is a group of psychiatrists and pharmacologists practicing in 18 countries under European Medicines Agency (EMA) regulation, who are deeply concerned about the underuse of clozapine in European countries. …

A Pediatric Case of Late Relapse of Neonatal Herpes Simplex Encephalitis in a 14-Year-Old Open

Kevin Jiang, Sally H.J. Choi, Carlos Bazan, Andrea Gilbert, John Lally · 2025

Herpes simplex encephalitis is the most common type of viral encephalitis. However, recurrence or relapse is rare. Late relapse, defined as recurrent active infection later than 3 months from the end of antiviral treatment, is even rarer. …

Response to clozapine in treatment resistant schizophrenia is related to alterations in regional cerebral blood flow Open

Junyu Sun, Fernando Zelaya, Kyra-Verena Sendt, Grant McQueen, Amy Gillespie , et al. · 2024

PET and SPECT studies in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) have revealed significant alterations in regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) during clozapine treatment, which may vary according to the clinical response. Here, we used the m…

Metformin for the Prevention of Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: Guideline Development and Consensus Validation Open

Aoife Carolan, Caroline Hynes, Sri Mahavir Agarwal, R. S. Bourke, Walter Cullen , et al. · 2024

Background Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent in people with severe mental illness (SMI). Antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) is one of the most commonly reported and distressing side effects of treatment and people living wi…

Longitudinal changes in DNA methylation associated with clozapine use in treatment-resistant schizophrenia from two international cohorts Open

Amy Gillespie, Emma Walker, Eilís Hannon, Grant McQueen, Kyra-Verena Sendt , et al. · 2024

Response to clozapine in treatment resistant schizophrenia related to alterations in regional cerebral blood flow Open

Junyu Sun, Fernando Zelaya, Kyra-Verena Sendt, Grant McQueen, Amy Gillespie , et al. · 2024

Neuroimaging studies indicate that in treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS), alterations in regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) during clozapine treatment may vary according to the clinical response. To date, these studies have involved r…

The impact of badmouthing of medical specialities to medical students Open

Dylan Viani Walsh, Niamh Murphy, Shane Evans, Kieran C. Murphy, Allys Guérandel , et al. · 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the proportion of Irish medical students exposed to ‘badmouthing’ of different specialities and to ascertain: the degree of criticism of specialities based on the seniority of clinical or academic m…

Revealing the reporting disparity: VigiBase highlights underreporting of clozapine in other Western European countries compared to the UK Open

Carlos De las Cuevas, Emílio J. Sanz, Jason A. Gross, Christoph U. Correll, Hélène Verdoux , et al. · 2023

Different Western European countries consistently underreport to VigiBase compared to the UK, but have different reporting/publishing styles for clozapine-related ADRs/fatal outcomes. Three Scandinavian registries suggest lives are saved a…

Longitudinal changes in DNA methylation associated with clozapine use in treatment-resistant schizophrenia from two international cohorts Open

Amy Gillespie, Emma Walker, Eilís Hannon, Grant McQueen, Kyra-Verena Sendt , et al. · 2023

The second-generation antipsychotic clozapine is used as a medication for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. It has previously been associated with epigenetic changes in pre-clinical rodent models and cross-sectional studies of treatment-r…

Changes in immunoglobulin levels during clozapine treatment in schizophrenia Open

Kira Griffiths, Maria Ruiz Mellado, Raymond T. Chung, John Lally, Grant McQueen , et al. · 2023

The observed reductions in immunoglobulin levels over six months of clozapine treatment add further evidence linking clozapine to secondary antibody deficiency. Associations between Ig reduction and symptom improvement may however indicate…

Therapeutic monitoring of plasma clozapine and<i>N</i>-desmethylclozapine (norclozapine): practical considerations Open

Robert J. Flanagan, Siobhan Gee, Sarah L. Belsey, Lewis Couchman, John Lally · 2023

SUMMARY Clozapine dose assessment in treatment-refractory schizophrenia is complicated. There is a narrow margin between an effective and a potentially toxic dose and wide inter-individual variation in clozapine metabolic capacity. Moreove…

High-dose olanzapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a systematic review Open

Louisa Gannon, John Reynolds, Martin Mahon, Fiona Gaughran, John Lally · 2023

Background: Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) affects approximately 30% of people with schizophrenia. Clozapine is the gold standard treatment for TRS but is not always suitable, with a proportion of individuals intolerant of side ef…

Chronic, Unipolar, Treatment-Resistant Mania: A Case Report and Literature Review Open

Yasir Mateen, John Lally, Sumira Qambar Bokhari · 2022

Aims Chronic mania is variably defined but classically recognized as the presence of manic symptoms for more than 2 years without remission. The reported incidence ranges between 6–15% among all patients with bipolar disorders. Although it…

Changes in immunoglobulin levels during clozapine treatment in schizophrenia Open

Kira Griffiths, Maria Ruiz Mellado, Raymond T. Chung, John Lally, Grant McQueen , et al. · 2022

Background Clozapine is the only licensed pharmacotherapy for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), but its use is limited due to adverse effects. Clozapine treatment has been recently associated with reductions in immunog…

Subcortical volume reduction and cortical thinning 3 months after switching to clozapine in treatment resistant schizophrenia Open

Fanni Krajner, Laila Hadaya, Grant McQueen, Kyra-Verena Sendt, Amy Gillespie , et al. · 2022

BJI volume 18 issue 4 Cover and Back matter Open

David Skuse, Md. Kamrul Hasan, Tasnim Anwar, Enryka Christopher, Sahadat Hossain , et al. · 2021

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Increased rates of respiratory disease in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis including 619,214 individuals with schizophrenia and 52,159,551 controls Open

Shuichi Suetani, Faraz Honarparvar, Dan Siskind, Guy Hindley, Nicola Veronese , et al. · 2021

Admission patterns in a psychiatric intensive care unit in Ireland: a longitudinal follow-up Open

Shaeraine Raaj, Sujesha Navanathan, Basil Matti, Anisha Bhagawan, Twomey Pauline , et al. · 2021

Aims This observational study aims to describe the course of the admission and clinical characteristics of admissions to the PICUs in the Phoenix Care Centre, Dublin, Ireland. The authors hypothesised that the length of stay (LOS) would be…

Admission patterns in a psychiatric intensive care unit in Ireland: a longitudinal follow-up Open

Shaeraine Raaj, Sujesha Navanathan, Basil Matti, Anisha Bhagawan, Patrick Twomey , et al. · 2021

Objective: This study aims to describe the course of admission and clinical characteristics of admissions to a psychiatric intensive care unit (PICU) in the Phoenix Care Centre (PCC), Dublin, Ireland. Methods: This retrospective chart stud…

Structural Covariance of Cortical Gyrification at Illness Onset in Treatment Resistance: A Longitudinal Study of First-Episode Psychoses Open

Olesya Ajnakina, Tushar Kanti Das, John Lally, Marta Di Forti, Carmine M. Pariante , et al. · 2021

Treatment resistance (TR) in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) is a major cause of disability and functional impairment, yet mechanisms underlying this severe disorder are poorly understood. As one view is that TR has neurodevelo…

Mental disorders in Malaysia: an increase in lifetime prevalence Open

Shaeraine Raaj, Sujesha Navanathan, Myelone Tharmaselan, John Lally · 2021

There is an increasing prevalence of mental disorders in Malaysia, with a growing need to improve access to timely and efficient mental healthcare to address this burden. This review outlines the current legislative framework and the chall…

Neuroprotectin <span>D1</span> Attenuates Blast Overpressure Induced Reactive Microglial Cells in the Cochlea Open

José D. Ríos, Charlotte K. Hughes, John Lally, Nathan Wienandt, Carlos R. Esquivel , et al. · 2021

Objective/Hypothesis We examined a neuroinflammatory response associated with glial activation in the cochlea exposed to blast overpressure and evaluated the potential therapeutic efficacy of specialized pro‐resolving mediators such as neu…

Pathogenesis and management of Brugada syndrome in schizophrenia: A scoping review Open

Anuj Rastogi, Dylan Viani-Walsh, Shareef Akbari, Nicholas Gall, Fiona Gaughran , et al. · 2020

Specific cardiology assessment and interventions may be required for the congenital or unmasked Brugada ECG pattern in schizophrenia. The current long-term standard of care for BrS is an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), but po…

Takotsubo syndrome in bipolar affective disorder with alcohol withdrawal syndrome Open

Deshwinder Singh Sidhu, Richard Farrelly, John Lally · 2020

A 40-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with epigastric pain and agitation. She recently separated from her husband and was consuming 30 units of alcohol daily for 5 days. She had a history of bipolar affective disorder, …

Changes in Brain Glutamate on Switching to Clozapine in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia Open

Grant McQueen, Kyra-Verena Sendt, Amy Gillespie, Alessia Avila, John Lally , et al. · 2020

It has been suggested that the antipsychotic clozapine may modulate brain glutamate, and that this effect could contribute to its efficacy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cloz…

Vitamin D deficiency in schizophrenia implications for COVID-19 infection Open

Dylan Viani-Walsh, Saran Kennedy-Williams, David Taylor, Fiona Gaughran, John Lally · 2020

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of acute respiratory infection. There is an excess of respiratory infections and deaths in schizophrenia, a condition where vitamin D deficiency is especially prevalent. This potent…

Clozapine in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia: a practical guide for healthcare professionals Open

Robert J. Flanagan, John Lally, Siobhan Gee, Ray Lyon, Susanna Every‐Palmer · 2020

Background Clozapine remains the only medication licensed for treating refractory schizophrenia. However, it remains underutilized in part due to concerns regarding adverse events. Sources of data Published literature. Areas of agreement C…

T183. LOW LEVELS OF VITAMIN D ARE ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED CORTICAL THICKNESS AND SURFACE AREA IN FRONTAL, TEMPORAL AND OCCIPITAL REGIONS IN FIRST-EPISODE PSYCHOSIS PATIENTS Open

Simone Ciufolini, John Lally, Brendon Stubbs, Shubuladè Smith, Marta Di Forti , et al. · 2020

Background Vitamin D is a neuro-steroid hormone important in brain development, maturation and function as it modulates the production of numerous brain growth factors. Indeed insufficient levels seem to compromise brain development and co…

T19. GLUTAMATE AND RESPONSE TO CLOZAPINE IN TREATMENT RESISTANT SCHIZOPHRENIA Open

Alice Egerton, Grant McQueen, Kyra-Verena Sendt, Amy Gillespie, John Lally , et al. · 2020

Background The mechanisms that underlie and may mediate the therapeutic response to clozapine in treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) are unclear. Basic science studies have indicated that clozapine may modulate brain glutamate, but thi…

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