Jarmo Malinen
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View article: Effects of steam-assisted respiratory muscle training on sleep apnoea symptoms and pulmonary function in men and women: a pilot study
Effects of steam-assisted respiratory muscle training on sleep apnoea symptoms and pulmonary function in men and women: a pilot study Open
Purpose Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) negatively impacts quality of life and increases cardiovascular and metabolic risks. Although continuous positive airway pressure is the gold-standard treatment, limited adherence reduces its clinical…
View article: Student behaviour and engagement with adaptive exercises on a thermodynamics course
Student behaviour and engagement with adaptive exercises on a thermodynamics course Open
A teaching experiment was carried out in a university-level thermodynamics course using adaptive and interactive e-learning material, created in the new Moodle question type Stateful extending the original e-learning platform STACK. The sy…
View article: Distributed Solution of Laplacian Eigenvalue Problems
Distributed Solution of Laplacian Eigenvalue Problems Open
The purpose of this article is to approximately compute the eigenvalues of the symmetric Dirichlet Laplacian within an interval $(0,Λ)$. A novel domain decomposition Ritz method, partition of unity condensed pole interpolation method, is p…
View article: PU-CPI solution of Laplacian eigenvalue problems.
PU-CPI solution of Laplacian eigenvalue problems. Open
The purpose of this article is to approximately compute the eigenvalues of the symmetric Dirichlet Laplacian within an interval $(0,\Lambda)$. A domain decomposition Ritz method, PU-CPI, is proposed. This method can be used in distributed …
View article: Notes on glottal flow and acoustic inertial effects
Notes on glottal flow and acoustic inertial effects Open
This text is a compilation of some of the notes that the author has written during the development of the low-order model "DICO" [2, 8, 10, 11] for vowel phonation and the even more rudimentary glottal flow model [9] for processing high-sp…
View article: Numerical modelling of coupled linear dynamical systems
Numerical modelling of coupled linear dynamical systems Open
Numerical modelling of several coupled passive linear dynamical systems (LDS) is considered. Since such component systems may arise from partial differential equations, transfer function descriptions, lumped systems, measurement data, etc.…
View article: Skewing of the glottal flow with respect to the glottal area measured in natural production of vowels
Skewing of the glottal flow with respect to the glottal area measured in natural production of vowels Open
In the production of voiced speech, glottal flow skewing refers to the tilting of the glottal flow pulses to the right, often characterized as a delay of the peak, compared to the glottal area. In the past four decades, several studies hav…
View article: Compressible flow simulations of voiced speech using rigid vocal tract geometries acquired by MRI
Compressible flow simulations of voiced speech using rigid vocal tract geometries acquired by MRI Open
Voiced speech consists mainly of the source signal that is frequency weighted by the acoustic filtering of the upper airways and vortex-induced sound through perturbation in the flow field. This study investigates the flow instabilities le…
View article: Efficient Solution of Symmetric Eigenvalue Problems from Families of Coupled Systems
Efficient Solution of Symmetric Eigenvalue Problems from Families of Coupled Systems Open
Efficient solution of the lowest eigenmodes is studied for a family of related eigenvalue problems with common $2\times 2$ block structure. It is assumed that the upper diagonal block varies between different versions while the lower diago…
View article: Interaction Mechanisms between Glottal Source and Vocal Tract in Pitch Glides
Interaction Mechanisms between Glottal Source and Vocal Tract in Pitch Glides Open
A computational model for vowel production has been used to simulate rising pitch glides in the time domain. Such glides reveal multi-faceted nonlinear system behaviour when the fundamental frequency fo is near the first vocal tract resona…
View article: Formants
Formants Open
Formant frequencies are the positions of the local maxima of the power spectral envelope of a sound signal. They arise from acoustic resonances of the vocal tract air column, and they provide substantial information about both consonants a…
View article: Efficient solution of symmetric eigenvalue problems from families of\n coupled systems
Efficient solution of symmetric eigenvalue problems from families of\n coupled systems Open
Efficient solution of the lowest eigenmodes is studied for a family of\nrelated eigenvalue problems with common $2\\times 2$ block structure. It is\nassumed that the upper diagonal block varies between different versions while\nthe lower d…
View article: A Novel Marker Based Method to Teeth Alignment in MRI
A Novel Marker Based Method to Teeth Alignment in MRI Open
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can precisely capture the anatomy of the vocal tract. However, the crowns of teeth are not visible in standard MRI scans. In this study, a marker-based teeth alignment method is presented and evaluated. Ten…
View article: Modal Locking Between Vocal Fold Oscillations and Vocal Tract Acoustics
Modal Locking Between Vocal Fold Oscillations and Vocal Tract Acoustics Open
During voiced speech, vocal folds interact with the vocal tract acoustics. The resulting glottal source-resonator coupling has been observed using mathematical and physical models as well as in in vivo phonation. We propose a computational…
View article: Waveform Patterns in Pitch Glides Near a Vocal Tract Resonance
Waveform Patterns in Pitch Glides Near a Vocal Tract Resonance Open
A time-domain model of vowel production is used to simulate fundamental frequency glides over the first vocal tract resonance. A vocal tract geometry extracted from MRI data of a female speaker pronouncing [i] is used. The model contains d…
View article: An acoustic glottal source for vocal tract physical models
An acoustic glottal source for vocal tract physical models Open
A sound source was proposed for acoustic measurements of physical models of the human vocal tract. The physical models are produced by Fast Prototyping, based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging during prolonged vowel production. The sound sourc…
View article: STACK with state
STACK with state Open
The question model of STACK provides an easy way for building automatically assessable questions with mathematical content, but it requires that the questions and their assessment logic depend only on the current input, given by the studen…
View article: MOOCs in First Year Engineering Mathematics: Experiences and Future Aims
MOOCs in First Year Engineering Mathematics: Experiences and Future Aims Open
MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) are open and free Internet courses in which everyone can participate: there are neither tuition fees nor entry requirements. An experimental MOOC on Matrix Algebra was opened at Aalto University in 2016.…
View article: Spectral Study of the Vocal Tract in Vowel Synthesis: A Comparison between 1D and 3D Acoustic Analysis
Spectral Study of the Vocal Tract in Vowel Synthesis: A Comparison between 1D and 3D Acoustic Analysis Open
A state-of-the-art 1D acoustic synthesizer has been previously developed, and coupled to speaker-specific biomechanical models of oropharynx in ArtiSynth. As expected, the formant frequencies of the synthesized vowel sounds were shown to b…
View article: Modal locking between vocal fold and vocal tract oscillations: Simulations in time domain
Modal locking between vocal fold and vocal tract oscillations: Simulations in time domain Open
During voiced speech, the human vocal folds interact with the vocal tract acoustics. The resulting glottal source-resonator coupling has been observed using mathematical and physical models as well as in in vivo phonation. We propose a com…