James McCormack
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View article: Antihypertensive Medication Timing and Cardiovascular Events and Death
Antihypertensive Medication Timing and Cardiovascular Events and Death Open
Importance Whether administration of blood pressure medications at bedtime instead of in the morning reduces cardiovascular risk is unknown, as findings from large clinical trials have not been consistent. There is also concern that bedtim…
View article: Test-retest reliability of a single isometric mid-thigh pull protocol to assess peak force and strength-endurance
Test-retest reliability of a single isometric mid-thigh pull protocol to assess peak force and strength-endurance Open
The purpose of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability of strength-endurance protocols using isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP). Twenty-eight participants (23.2 ± 4.9 years) completed two protocols across four testing sessions. …
View article: Anticoagulation Usage and Thrombolytic Therapy in Subjects with Atrial Fibrillation Associated Ischaemic Stroke
Anticoagulation Usage and Thrombolytic Therapy in Subjects with Atrial Fibrillation Associated Ischaemic Stroke Open
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) has been Identified as the single largest cause of ischaemic stroke in the Irish population. Previous research showed that widespread adoption of Direct Oral Anticoagulant (DOAC) prophylaxis had not been associated…
View article: Quality of antibiotic prescribing for outpatient cystitis in adult females
Quality of antibiotic prescribing for outpatient cystitis in adult females Open
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are responsible for a significant portion of female, outpatient antibiotic prescriptions. Especially true in uncomplicated cases, where symptoms remain the cornerstone of diagnosis, ensuring the o…
View article: Shared decision-making approach to type 2 diabetes management
Shared decision-making approach to type 2 diabetes management Open
The PEER Diabetes Medication Decision Aid provides a practical tool that can enable patients with T2DM to come to autonomous and well-informed medication decisions.
View article: Metformin for Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Metformin for Type 2 diabetes mellitus Open
Metformin has historically been the first-line drug option for Type 2 diabetes mellitus, likely based on the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS-34 trial), which showed benefits in mortality and myocardial infarction with metformin compar…
View article: Statins, risk, and personalised care
Statins, risk, and personalised care Open
Sam Finnikin and colleagues argue that guidelines should focus less on population level risk thresholds and more on shared decision making conversations based on individualised risk and patient preferences
View article: <scp>SGLT</scp>‐2 inhibitors and <scp>GLP</scp>‐1 receptor agonists for Type 2 diabetes
<span>SGLT</span>‐2 inhibitors and <span>GLP</span>‐1 receptor agonists for Type 2 diabetes Open
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
View article: Retrospective cohort analysis of outpatient antibiotic prescribing for community-acquired pneumonia in Canadian older adults
Retrospective cohort analysis of outpatient antibiotic prescribing for community-acquired pneumonia in Canadian older adults Open
Background This retrospective cohort study is the first in North America to examine population-level appropriate antibiotic use for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in older adults, by agent, dose and duration. With the highest rates of …
View article: Lipid-lowering therapies for cardiovascular disease prevention and management in primary care
Lipid-lowering therapies for cardiovascular disease prevention and management in primary care Open
Statins have the most consistent evidence for the prevention of cardiovascular complications with a relative risk reduction of about 25% for MACE and 10% to 15% for mortality. The addition of ezetimibe, a PCSK9 inhibitor, or eicosapentaeno…
View article: PEER simplified lipid guideline 2023 update
PEER simplified lipid guideline 2023 update Open
These updated evidence-based guidelines provide a simplified approach to lipid management for the prevention and management of CVD. These guidelines were created by and for primary health care professionals and their patients.
View article: Tolerability of bedtime diuretics: a prospective cohort analysis
Tolerability of bedtime diuretics: a prospective cohort analysis Open
Objectives We sought to validate, or refute, the common belief that bedtime diuretics are poorly tolerated due to nocturia. Design Prespecified prospective cohort analysis embedded within the randomised BedMed trial, in which hypertensive …
View article: Team approach to polypharmacy evaluation and reduction: feasibility randomized trial of a structured clinical pathway to reduce polypharmacy
Team approach to polypharmacy evaluation and reduction: feasibility randomized trial of a structured clinical pathway to reduce polypharmacy Open
Background Polypharmacy is associated with poorer health outcomes in older adults. Other than the associated multimorbidity, factors contributing to this association could include medication adverse effects and interactions, difficulties i…
View article: Translation and cultural adaptation of MedStopper®—A web-based decision aid for deprescribing in older adults: A protocol
Translation and cultural adaptation of MedStopper®—A web-based decision aid for deprescribing in older adults: A protocol Open
Background Older patients are more likely to have medication-related problems, which are associated with changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy. Polypharmacy and inappropriate prescribing are wel…
View article: PEER simplified chronic pain guideline
PEER simplified chronic pain guideline Open
This guideline for the management of chronic pain, including osteoarthritis, low back pain, and neuropathic pain, highlights best available evidence including both benefits and harms for a number of treatment interventions. A strong recomm…
View article: Bedtime versus morning use of antihypertensives for cardiovascular risk reduction (BedMed): protocol for a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded end-point pragmatic trial
Bedtime versus morning use of antihypertensives for cardiovascular risk reduction (BedMed): protocol for a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded end-point pragmatic trial Open
Introduction Sleep-time blood pressure correlates more strongly with adverse cardiovascular events than does daytime blood pressure. The BedMed trial evaluates whether bedtime antihypertensive administration, as compared with conventional …
View article: Quantifying the Gap between Expected and Actual Rates of Antibiotic Prescribing in British Columbia, Canada
Quantifying the Gap between Expected and Actual Rates of Antibiotic Prescribing in British Columbia, Canada Open
Despite decades of stewardship efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance and quantify changes in use, the quality of antibiotic use in British Columbia (BC) remains unknown. As the overuse and misuse of antibiotics drives antibiotic resis…
Team approach to polypharmacy evaluation and reduction: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial Open
Background Polypharmacy in older adults can be associated with negative outcomes including falls, impaired cognition, reduced quality of life, and general and functional decline. It is not clear to what extent these are reversible if the n…
View article: Outpatient antibiotic use in British Columbia, Canada: reviewing major trends since 2000
Outpatient antibiotic use in British Columbia, Canada: reviewing major trends since 2000 Open
Background With 90% of all antibiotics in Canada being used in the community setting, tracking outpatient prescribing is integral to mitigate the issue of antimicrobial resistance. In 2005, a provincial programme was launched in British Co…
View article: PEER systematic review of randomized controlled trials
PEER systematic review of randomized controlled trials Open
There is moderate certainty of evidence that anticonvulsant medications and SNRIs provide a clinically meaningful reduction in pain in those with neuropathic pain, with lower certainty of evidence for rubefacients and opioids, and very low…
View article: PEER simplified decision aid: neuropathic pain treatment options in primary care
PEER simplified decision aid: neuropathic pain treatment options in primary care Open
This decision aid is for clinicians for discussion of treatment options for patients living with neuropathic pain. It is derived from our accompanying systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs; [e130][1]).[1][2] Effectiveness…
View article: PEER systematic review of randomized controlled trials
PEER systematic review of randomized controlled trials Open
Exercise, oral NSAIDs, and SNRIs (duloxetine) provide a clinically meaningful reduction in pain, with exercise being the only intervention that demonstrated sustained benefit after the intervention ended. Future high-quality trials that re…
View article: PEER simplified decision aid: chronic back pain treatment options in primary care
PEER simplified decision aid: chronic back pain treatment options in primary care Open
This decision aid was developed to provide clinicians with a review of the effectiveness of chronic back pain treatment options while highlighting study quality. It is derived from our accompanying systematic review of randomized controlle…
View article: Successes, lessons and opportunities: 15-year follow-up of an integrated evidence-based medicine curriculum
Successes, lessons and opportunities: 15-year follow-up of an integrated evidence-based medicine curriculum Open
In 2005, the Department of Family Medicine at the University of Alberta introduced an evidence-based practice curriculum into the 2-year Family Medicine Residency Program. The curriculum was based on best available evidence, had multiple c…
View article: Should the number of acute exacerbations in the previous year be used to guide treatments in COPD?
Should the number of acute exacerbations in the previous year be used to guide treatments in COPD? Open
Background In contemporary management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the frequent exacerbator phenotype, based on a 12-month history of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), is a major determinant of therapeutic recommenda…