Jatinder Singh
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View article: Accountability Capture: How Record-Keeping to Support AI Transparency and Accountability (Re)shapes Algorithmic Oversight
Accountability Capture: How Record-Keeping to Support AI Transparency and Accountability (Re)shapes Algorithmic Oversight Open
Accountability regimes typically encourage record-keeping to enable the transparency that supports oversight, investigation, contestation, and redress. However, implementing such record-keeping can introduce considerations, risks, and cons…
View article: Accountability Capture: How Record-Keeping to Support AI Transparency and Accountability (Re)shapes Algorithmic Oversight
Accountability Capture: How Record-Keeping to Support AI Transparency and Accountability (Re)shapes Algorithmic Oversight Open
Accountability regimes typically encourage record-keeping to enable the transparency that supports oversight, investigation, contestation, and redress. However, implementing such record-keeping can introduce considerations, risks, and cons…
View article: Privacy-Aware Hierarchical Federated Learning in Healthcare: Integrating Differential Privacy and Secure Multi-Party Computation
Privacy-Aware Hierarchical Federated Learning in Healthcare: Integrating Differential Privacy and Secure Multi-Party Computation Open
The development of big data analytics in healthcare has created a demand for privacy-conscious and scalable machine learning algorithms that can allow the use of patient information across different healthcare organizations. In this study,…
View article: Position is Power: System Prompts as a Mechanism of Bias in Large Language Models (LLMs)
Position is Power: System Prompts as a Mechanism of Bias in Large Language Models (LLMs) Open
System prompts in Large Language Models (LLMs) are predefined directives that guide model behaviour, taking precedence over user inputs in text processing and generation. LLM deployers increasingly use them to ensure consistent responses a…
View article: Stakeholder Participation for Responsible AI Development: Disconnects Between Guidance and Current Practice
Stakeholder Participation for Responsible AI Development: Disconnects Between Guidance and Current Practice Open
Responsible AI (rAI) guidance increasingly promotes stakeholder involvement (SHI) during AI development. At the same time, SHI is already common in commercial software development, but with potentially different foci. This study clarifies …
View article: The Effects of Gender Affirming Hormone Treatment on Transgender Women’s Musculoskeletal Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
The Effects of Gender Affirming Hormone Treatment on Transgender Women’s Musculoskeletal Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Open
Background: Gender-affirming hormone treatment (GAHT) aligns transgender women’s hormone profiles with their gender identity, alleviating gender dysphoria by inducing feminising changes. However, the effects of GAHT on musculoskeletal heal…
View article: Trustworthy, responsible and ethical artificial intelligence in manufacturing and supply chains: synthesis and emerging research questions
Trustworthy, responsible and ethical artificial intelligence in manufacturing and supply chains: synthesis and emerging research questions Open
In recent years, the manufacturing sector has seen an influx of artificial intelligence applications, seeking to harness its capabilities to improve productivity. However, manufacturing organizations have limited understanding of risks tha…
View article: Improving Group Fairness Assessments with Proxies
Improving Group Fairness Assessments with Proxies Open
Although algorithms are increasingly used to guide real-world decision-making, their potential for propagating bias remains challenging to measure. A common approach for researchers and practitioners examining algorithms for unintended dis…
View article: Meaningful Transparency for Clinicians: Operationalising HCXAI Research with Gynaecologists
Meaningful Transparency for Clinicians: Operationalising HCXAI Research with Gynaecologists Open
AI systems can bring great benefits to our healthcare systems, e.g. by improving patient outcomes. Yet implementing them into clinical practice remains challenging. To bridge the gap between academic research and design implementation, we …
View article: Trouble at Sea: Data and digital technology challenges for maritime human rights concerns
Trouble at Sea: Data and digital technology challenges for maritime human rights concerns Open
Recent years have revealed the severity and scale of human rights abuses at sea. Yet maritime human rights investigations remain challenging due to an array of difficulties, including physical inaccessibility and a complex legal environmen…
View article: The tensions of data sharing for human rights: A modern slavery case study
The tensions of data sharing for human rights: A modern slavery case study Open
There are calls for greater data sharing to address human rights issues. Advocates claim this will provide an evidence-base to increase transparency, improve accountability, enhance decision-making, identify abuses, and offer remedies for …
View article: Mind The Gap: Designers and Standards on Algorithmic System Transparency for Users
Mind The Gap: Designers and Standards on Algorithmic System Transparency for Users Open
Many call for algorithmic systems to be more transparent, yet it is often unclear for designers how to do so in practice. Standards are emerging that aim to support designers in building transparent systems, e.g by setting testable transpa…
View article: Seeing Human Rights at Sea: How to Align Tech Development with the Needs of Maritime Human Rights Investigators and Affected Communities
Seeing Human Rights at Sea: How to Align Tech Development with the Needs of Maritime Human Rights Investigators and Affected Communities Open
Significant effort has been devoted to developing tech tools that leverage data to assist human rights investigations at sea. It is unclear, however, how users incorporate data and data-related tools into their investigations, nor what is …
View article: The Lived Experience of Racism in the Sikh Community
The Lived Experience of Racism in the Sikh Community Open
The Sikh community may be more visible and vulnerable to racism than other religious groups, and previous research has documented the racism targeted at Sikh men and women in the United States. Relatively few studies have, however, address…
View article: A Room With an Overview: Toward Meaningful Transparency for the Consumer Internet of Things
A Room With an Overview: Toward Meaningful Transparency for the Consumer Internet of Things Open
As our physical environments become ever-more connected, instrumented, and automated, it can be increasingly difficult for users to understand what is happening within them and why. This warrants attention; with the pervasive and physical …
View article: Navigating the Audit Landscape: A Framework for Developing Transparent and Auditable XR
Navigating the Audit Landscape: A Framework for Developing Transparent and Auditable XR Open
Funding Information: The Compliant & Accountable Systems Group acknowledges the financial support of UK Research & Innovation (grants EP/P024394/1, EP/R033501/1, ES/T006315/1), The Alan Turing Institute, and Microsoft, through the Microsof…
View article: Understanding accountability in algorithmic supply chains
Understanding accountability in algorithmic supply chains Open
Academic and policy proposals on algorithmic accountability often seek to\nunderstand algorithmic systems in their socio-technical context, recognising\nthat they are produced by 'many hands'. Increasingly, however, algorithmic\nsystems ar…
View article: Trustworthy, responsible, ethical AI in manufacturing and supply chains: synthesis and emerging research questions
Trustworthy, responsible, ethical AI in manufacturing and supply chains: synthesis and emerging research questions Open
While the increased use of AI in the manufacturing sector has been widely noted, there is little understanding on the risks that it may raise in a manufacturing organisation. Although various high level frameworks and definitions have been…
View article: Understanding Accountability in Algorithmic Supply Chains
Understanding Accountability in Algorithmic Supply Chains Open
Academic and policy proposals on algorithmic accountability often seek to understand algorithmic systems in their socio-technical context, recognising that they are produced by ‘many hands’. Increasingly, however, algorithmic systems are a…
View article: Out of Context: Investigating the Bias and Fairness Concerns of “Artificial Intelligence as a Service”
Out of Context: Investigating the Bias and Fairness Concerns of “Artificial Intelligence as a Service” Open
"AI as a Service" (AIaaS) is a rapidly growing market, offering various plug-and-play AI services and tools. AIaaS enables its customers (users) - who may lack the expertise, data, and/or resources to develop their own systems - to easily …
View article: Disclosure by Design: Designing information disclosures to support meaningful transparency and accountability
Disclosure by Design: Designing information disclosures to support meaningful transparency and accountability Open
Funding Information: We acknowledge the financial support of the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/P024394/1 and EP/R033501/1) and Microsoft through the Microsoft Cloud Computing Research Centre.
View article: Exploring How Machine Learning Practitioners (Try To) Use Fairness Toolkits
Exploring How Machine Learning Practitioners (Try To) Use Fairness Toolkits Open
Recent years have seen the development of many open-source ML fairness\ntoolkits aimed at helping ML practitioners assess and address unfairness in\ntheir systems. However, there has been little research investigating how ML\npractitioners…
View article: Practical fundamental rights impact assessments
Practical fundamental rights impact assessments Open
The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation tasks organizations to perform a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) to consider fundamental rights risks of their artificial intelligence (AI) system. However, assessing risks c…
View article: Defining the scope of AI ADM system risk assessment
Defining the scope of AI ADM system risk assessment Open
Guidance documents for technology governance and data protection often use broad terms such as Artificial Intelligence (AI). This is problematic; the term 'AI' is inherently ambiguous, and it is difficult to tease out the nuances in the 'g…