Explanipedia

DSEBRA - the German Seismological Broadband Array and its contribution to AdriaArray – Deployment and performance Open

Antje Schlömer, Joachim Wassermann, Marcel Paffrath, Kasper D. Fischer, Wolfgang Friederich , et al. · 2025

The German Seismological Broadband Array (DSEBRA) comprises 100 mobile seismological stations, which are currently contributing to the multidisciplinary international AdriaArray project, launched in 2022 to comprehensively study the Adriat…

Single-station vehicle tracking using six-component seismic measurements: A comparative study with array-based methods Open

Shihao Yuan, Felix Bernauer, Joachim Wassermann, Eileen Martin, Heiner Igel · 2025

Determining the direction of seismic waves is crucial for many applications, from monitoring natural hazards like avalanches and landslides to detecting nuclear explosions and conducting surveillance. Traditional methods rely on arrays of …

AdriaArray – a Passive Seismic Experiment to Study Structure, Geodynamics and Geohazards of the Adriatic Plate Open

Petr Kolínský, Thomas Meier, Matthew Agius, Almir Bijedić, Götz Bokelmann , et al. · 2025

AdriaArray is a multinational initiative to cover the Adriatic Plate and its tectonically active surroundings – including units of Adriatic origin – with a dense regional array of seismic stations. AdriaArray provides data for imaging of t…

On environment-related instrumental effects of ROMY (ROtational Motions in seismologY): A prototype, multi-component, heterolithic ring laser array Open

Andreas Brotzer, Heiner Igel, Felix Bernauer, Joachim Wassermann, Jan Kodet , et al. · 2025

Large-scale ring laser gyroscopes (RLGs) are essential scientific instruments to study a variety of geophysical phenomena. The first and so far only large-scale RLG array ROMY (ROtational Motions in seismologY) comprises four triangular, h…

Permafrost Distribution and Hydrostatic Pore Pressure at Mt. Zugspitze (German/Austrian Alps): Insights from Seismology including DAS Open

Fabian Lindner, Krystyna Smolinski, Riccardo Scandroglio, Andreas Fichtner, Joachim Wassermann · 2025

On single-station, six degree-of-freedom observations of local to regional seismicity at the Piñon Flat Observatory in Southern California Open

Andreas Brotzer, Heiner Igel, Felix Bernauer, Joachim Wassermann, R. J. Mellors , et al. · 2025

In September 2022, a portable, three-component rotational rate sensor, namely a blueSeis-3A gyroscope, has been deployed at the underground vault of the Pinon Flat Observatory (PFO) in southern California. A three-component, broadband seis…

Single-station vehicle tracking using six-component seismic measurements: A comparative study with array-based methods Open

Shihao Yuan, Felix Bernauer, Joachim Wassermann, Eileen Martin, Heiner Igel · 2024

This study investigates the use of six-component (6C) seismic measurements for tracking moving traffic sources. We employ a collocated seismometer and rotational sensor to simultaneously capture both translational and rotational ground mot…

Bridge monitoring using six-component ground motion measurements Open

Shihao Yuan, Felix Bernauer, Chun-Man Liao, Ernst Niederleithinger, Eileen Martin , et al. · 2024

In the context of ageing infrastructure, structural health monitoring is crucial for safety and integrity assessment, as well as for planning preventive maintenance. While classical methods rely on single-component sensors to track vibrati…

Rotation sensing with fibre optic technology Open

Heiner Igel, Felix Bernauer, Andreas Brotzer, Joachim Wassermann, Fabian Lindner , et al. · 2024

Fibre-optic gyros (FOG) allow measuring rotational ground motions and have recently been the method of choice for a first-generation broadband sensor for seismology. FOGs have a unity transfer function, are insensitive to translations and …

The seismic signature of skiing Open

Heiner Igel, Sophie Brass, Fabian Lindner, Koen Van Noten, Raphaël De Plaen , et al. · 2024

In March 2023 the annual winter school SKIENCE (www.skience.de) was held in the Bavaria alps, south-east of Munich. The topic was environmental seismology with a focus on seismic monitoring using ambient seismic noise. The winter school ha…

Optimal Network Design for Microseismic Monitoring in Urban Areas - A Case Study in Munich, Germany Open

Sabrina Keil, Joachim Wassermann, Tobias Megies, Toni Kraft · 2023

Well-designed monitoring networks are crucial for obtaining precise locations, magnitudes and source parameters, both for natural and induced microearthqakes. The performance of a seismic network depends on many factors, including network …

Surface wave dispersion curve inversion using mixture density networks Open

Sabrina Keil, Joachim Wassermann · 2023

SUMMARY In many seismological, environmental and engineering applications a detailed S-wave velocity model of the shallow subsurface is required. This is generally achieved by the inversion of surface wave dispersion curves using various i…

Machine Learning Models for Surface Wave Dispersion Curve Inversion using Mixture Density Networks Open

Sabrina Keil, Joachim Wassermann · 2023

Machine learning (ML) approach for dispersion curve inversion using mixture density networks (MDN) based on Keil and Wassermann (2023).\n\n\nThe ML approach presented here allows the simultaneous estimation of layer numbers, layer dep…

Machine Learning Models for Surface Wave Dispersion Curve Inversion using Mixture Density Networks Open

Sabrina Keil, Joachim Wassermann · 2023

Machine learning (ML) approach for dispersion curve inversion using mixture density networks (MDN) based on Keil and Wassermann (2023). The ML approach presented here allows the simultaneous estimation of layer numbers, layer depth and a c…

Seismic Monitoring of Permafrost Dynamics at Mt. Zugspitze (German/Austrian Alps) Open

Fabian Lindner, Krystyna Smolinski, Riccardo Scandroglio, Andreas Fichtner, Joachim Wassermann · 2023

As observed elsewhere on a global scale, mountain permafrost at the Zugspitze (German/Austrian Alps) is degrading in response to climate change, which affects the rock slope stability and thus the hazard potential. Recent studies suggest t…

Observing and analysing seismicity with a permanet 6C station Open

Andreas Brotzer, Heiner Igel, Felix Bernauer, Joachim Wassermann, R. J. Mellors , et al. · 2023

In September 2022, a three-component rotational rate sensor (blueSeis-3A) provided by IRIS has been deployed at the underground vault of the Piñon Flat Observatory (PFO) near San Diego in California. A three-component broadband seismo…

Monitoring material properties of civil engineering structures with 6C point measurements Open

Felix Bernauer, Shihao Yuan, Joachim Wassermann, Heiner Igel, Céline Hadziioannou , et al. · 2023

Observing motion within a building in six degrees of freedom (three components of translational motion plus three components of rotational motion) opens completely new approaches to structural health monitoring. Inspired by inertial naviga…

TwistPy: An open-source Python toolbox for wavefield inertial sensing techniques Open

David Sollberger, Sebastian Heimann, Felix Bernauer, Eva P. S. Eibl, Stefanie Donner , et al. · 2023

In the past decade, significant progress has been made in the acquisition and processing of seismic wavefield gradient data (e.g., recordings of ground strain and rotation). When combined with conventional multicomponent seismic data, wave…

Comparison of a rotational sensor and an array on Piton de la Fournaise volcano, La Réunion Open

Nele I. K. Vesely, Eva P. S. Eibl, Valérie Ferrazzini, Joachim Wassermann · 2023

Piton de la Fournaise is a shield volcano located on La Réunion island in the Indian Ocean and most recently tends to erupt once - twice annually. Besides volcanic tremor during eruptions and rockfall, long-period (LP) and volcano-tec…

A passive seismic approach including fiber-optic sensing for permafrost monitoring on Mt. Zugspitze (Germany) Open

Fabian Lindner, Krystyna Smolinski, Jonas Igel, Daniel Bowden, Andreas Fichtner , et al. · 2022

As observed elsewhere on a global scale, permafrost at Mt. Zugspitze (German/Austrian Alps) is warming in response to climate change. To monitor permafrost warming and thawing, which affect the rock slope stability and thus the ha…

A Low Noise Model for Rotational Ground Motions Open

Heiner Igel, Andreas Brotzer, É. Stutzmann, Jean‐Paul Montagner, Chin‐Jen Lin , et al. · 2022

The quantitative low/high noise models (L/HNM) for translational ground motions (e.g., Petersen 1993) based on many observations of acceleration power-spectral densities has been extremely successful for the evaluation of site qua…

Distribution of Active Seismic Deformation in the Eastern Alps from the Recent Swath-D Experiment Open

Rens Hofman, Joern Kummerow, Simone Cesca, Joachim Wassermann, Thomas Plenefisch · 2022

The Swath-D network was a temporary seismic experiment nested within the AlpArray backbone network. Roughly 150 broadband stations were deployed across the Austrian-Italian border in the Eastern Alps during the second half of 2017…

The use of 6DOF measurement in volcano seismology – A first application to Stromboli volcano Open

Joachim Wassermann, Thomas Braun, Maurizio Ripepe, Felix Bernauer, Frédéric Guattari , et al. · 2022

Volcano seismology, while its value for surveillance of an active volcano is undebatable, is a very demanding field when it comes to station deployment, maintenance, and finally interpreting the measurements. Most valuable in the past was …

Seasonal Freeze‐Thaw Cycles and Permafrost Degradation on Mt. Zugspitze (German/Austrian Alps) Revealed by Single‐Station Seismic Monitoring Open

Fabian Lindner, Joachim Wassermann, Heiner Igel · 2021

Thawing of mountain permafrost in response to rising temperatures degrades the stability of rock walls and thereby affects infrastructure integrity in Alpine terrain. In this study, we use 15 yr of passive seismic data from a single statio…

Seasonal freeze-thaw cycles and permafrost degradation on Mt. Zugspitze (German/Austrian Alps) revealed by single-station seismic monitoring Open

Fabian Lindner, Joachim Wassermann, Heiner Igel · 2021

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This work has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Research Letters. Version of RecordESSOAr is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary. Learn mor…

Automated Quality Assessment of Interferometric Ring Laser Data Open

Andreas Brotzer, Felix Bernauer, Ulrich Schreiber, Joachim Wassermann, Heiner Igel · 2021

In seismology, an increased effort to observe all 12 degrees of freedom of seismic ground motion by complementing translational ground motion observations with measurements of strain and rotational motions could be witnessed in recent deca…

Microseismicity in the Eastern Alps: Preliminary Results From the Swath-D Network Open

Rens Hofman, Joern Kummerow, Simone Cesca, Joachim Wassermann, Thomas Plenefisch · 2021

The AlpArray seismological experiment is an international and interdisciplinary project to advance our understanding of geophysical processes in the greater Alpine region. The heart of the project consists of a large seismological…

Performance of a rotational sensor at Etna, Italy focusing on back-azimuth estimations of volcano-seismic events Open

Martina Rosskopf, Eva P. S. Eibl, Gilda Currenti, Philippe Jousset, Joachim Wassermann , et al. · 2021

The field of rotational seismology has only recently emerged. Portable 3 component rotational sensors are commercially available since a few years which opens the pathway for a first use in volcano-seismology. The combination of r…

Single-station seismic monitoring of permafrost on Mt. Zugspitze (Germany) over the past 15 years Open

Fabian Lindner, Joachim Wassermann · 2021

Permafrost thawing affects mountain slope stability and can trigger hazardous rock falls. As rising temperatures promote permafrost thawing, spatio-temporal monitoring of long-term and seasonal variations in the perennially frozen…

The GIOTTO Project - Building Monitoring with 6DoF Sensors Open

Felix Bernauer, Louisa Murray‐Bergquist, Felix Strobel, Joachim Wassermann, Heiner Igel , et al. · 2021

Characterizing earthquake induced building damage in an efficient, automated and non- invasive way is a crucial support for the decision on further usability of critical infras- tructure. In the GIOTTO project (G…

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