James Orbinski
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View article: Proof-of-concept evaluation at Cox’s Bazar of the Safe Water Optimization Tool: water quality modelling for safe water supply in humanitarian emergencies
Proof-of-concept evaluation at Cox’s Bazar of the Safe Water Optimization Tool: water quality modelling for safe water supply in humanitarian emergencies Open
Introduction Waterborne diseases are leading concerns in emergencies. Humanitarian guidelines stipulate universal water chlorination targets, but these fail to reliably protect water as postdistribution chlorine decay can leave water vulne…
View article: Uncovering the impact of infection routes on within-host MPXV dynamics: Insights from a mathematical modeling study
Uncovering the impact of infection routes on within-host MPXV dynamics: Insights from a mathematical modeling study Open
The unprecedented mpox outbreak in non-endemic regions during 2022–2023, which has seen a recent resurgence in late 2023–2024, poses a significant public health threat. Despite its global spread, the viral dynamics of mpox infection and th…
View article: Ethical implications related to processing of personal data and artificial intelligence in humanitarian crises: a scoping review
Ethical implications related to processing of personal data and artificial intelligence in humanitarian crises: a scoping review Open
Background Humanitarian organizations are rapidly expanding their use of data in the pursuit of operational gains in effectiveness and efficiency. Ethical risks, particularly from artificial intelligence (AI) data processing, are increasin…
View article: Emotional reactions towards vaccination during the emergence of the Omicron variant: Insights from twitter analysis in South Africa
Emotional reactions towards vaccination during the emergence of the Omicron variant: Insights from twitter analysis in South Africa Open
View article: Geographical distribution and the impact of socio-environmental indicators on incidence of Mpox in Ontario, Canada
Geographical distribution and the impact of socio-environmental indicators on incidence of Mpox in Ontario, Canada Open
Background Ontario, being one of Canada’s largest provinces, has been central to the high incidence of human Mpox. Research is scarce on how socio-environmental factors influence Mpox incidences. This study seeks to explore potential geogr…
View article: Evaluating chlorine taste and odor acceptability to inform drinking water chlorination in humanitarian settings: Lessons from trials in Uganda
Evaluating chlorine taste and odor acceptability to inform drinking water chlorination in humanitarian settings: Lessons from trials in Uganda Open
While standard methods for chlorine taste and odor (T&O) detection and rejection thresholds exist, little rigorous research has been conducted on T&O thresholds in humanitarian settings. To fill this gap, we estimated chlorine T&O detectio…
View article: Leveraging deep-learning and unconventional data for real-time surveillance, forecasting, and early warning of respiratory pathogens outbreak
Leveraging deep-learning and unconventional data for real-time surveillance, forecasting, and early warning of respiratory pathogens outbreak Open
This work presents a framework that automatically collects data from unconventional sources, and builds an early warning system for COVID-19 and influenza outbreaks. The result is extremely helpful to policy-makers and health officials for…
View article: Risk factors associated with human Mpox infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Risk factors associated with human Mpox infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis Open
Background Mpox emerged as a significant global public health concern during the 2022–2023 outbreak, impacting populations in both endemic and non-endemic countries. This study reviews and synthesises evidence on the risk factors associate…
View article: Protecting the Safe Water Chain in Refugee Camps: An Exploratory Study of Water Handling Practices, Chlorine Decay, and Household Water Safety in South Sudan, Jordan, and Rwanda
Protecting the Safe Water Chain in Refugee Camps: An Exploratory Study of Water Handling Practices, Chlorine Decay, and Household Water Safety in South Sudan, Jordan, and Rwanda Open
In refugee and internally displaced person settlements, hygienic water handling and free residual chlorine (FRC) are crucial for protecting water against recontamination after distribution up to the household point-of-consumption. We condu…
View article: Evaluation of the Safe Water Optimization Tool to Provide Evidence-Based Chlorination Targets in Surface Waters: Lessons from a Refugee Setting in Uganda
Evaluation of the Safe Water Optimization Tool to Provide Evidence-Based Chlorination Targets in Surface Waters: Lessons from a Refugee Setting in Uganda Open
The Safe Water Optimization Tool (SWOT) generates evidence-based point-of-distribution free residual chlorine (FRC) targets to adjust chlorine dosing by operators and ensure water quality at point-of-consumption. To investigate SWOT effect…
View article: Uncovering the impact of infection routes on within-host MPXV dynamics: insights from a mathematical modeling study
Uncovering the impact of infection routes on within-host MPXV dynamics: insights from a mathematical modeling study Open
The unprecedented mpox outbreak in non-endemic regions during 2022-2023, which has seen a recent resurgence in late 2023-2024, poses a significant public health threat. Despite its global spread, the viral dynamics of mpox infection and th…
View article: Risk Factors of Human Mpox (Monkeypox) Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Risk Factors of Human Mpox (Monkeypox) Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Open
Background Mpox (formerly Monkeypox) virus has affected the lives of thousands of individuals both in endemic and non-endemic countries. Before the May 2022 outbreak, Mpox infections were sporadically endemic in Central and Western Africa,…
View article: Assessment of bidirectional impact of stigmatization induced self-medication on COVID-19 and malaria transmissions using mathematical modeling: Nigeria as a case study
Assessment of bidirectional impact of stigmatization induced self-medication on COVID-19 and malaria transmissions using mathematical modeling: Nigeria as a case study Open
The continual social and economic impact of infectious diseases on nations has maintained sustained attention on their control and treatment, of which self-medication has been one of the means employed by some individuals. Self-medication …
View article: The determinants of COVID-19 case reporting across Africa
The determinants of COVID-19 case reporting across Africa Open
Background According to study on the under-estimation of COVID-19 cases in African countries, the average daily case reporting rate was only 5.37% in the initial phase of the outbreak when there was little or no control measures. In this w…
View article: Geographical distribution and the impact of socio-environmental indicators on incidence of Mpox in Ontario, Canada
Geographical distribution and the impact of socio-environmental indicators on incidence of Mpox in Ontario, Canada Open
Background: Ontario, being one of Canada's largest provinces, has been central to the high incidence of human Mpox. Research is scarce on how socio-environmental factors influence Mpox incidences. This study seeks to explore potential geog…
View article: Impact assessment of self-medication on COVID-19 prevalence in Gauteng, South Africa, using an age-structured disease transmission modelling framework
Impact assessment of self-medication on COVID-19 prevalence in Gauteng, South Africa, using an age-structured disease transmission modelling framework Open
View article: Ethical implications related to processing of personal data and artificial intelligence in humanitarian crises: A scoping review
Ethical implications related to processing of personal data and artificial intelligence in humanitarian crises: A scoping review Open
Background Humanitarian organizations are rapidly expanding their use of data in the pursuit of operational gains in effectiveness and efficiency. Ethical risks, particularly from artificial intelligence (AI) data processing, are increasin…
View article: Digital technologies and food security during crisis: COVID-19 experiences from smallholder farmers in Odisha, India
Digital technologies and food security during crisis: COVID-19 experiences from smallholder farmers in Odisha, India Open
This research explores the significance of digital agricultural technology concerning food security for smallholder farmers and their communities in Odisha, India, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The study is a collaborative effort between a…
View article: The Determinants of Under-Estimation of Covid-19 Cases Across Africa
The Determinants of Under-Estimation of Covid-19 Cases Across Africa Open
View article: Exploring the nexus: Comparing and aligning Planetary Health, One Health, and EcoHealth
Exploring the nexus: Comparing and aligning Planetary Health, One Health, and EcoHealth Open
The interconnectedness between humans and ecosystems highlights the need to protect ecosystems for the well-being of humans and the environment. This has led to the emergence of holistic and interdisciplinary concepts like Planetary Health…
View article: Complex adaptive systems-based framework for modeling the health impacts of climate change
Complex adaptive systems-based framework for modeling the health impacts of climate change Open
This paper serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and public health professionals by employing a CAS framework to understand and assess the complex network of health impacts associated with climate change. It offers i…
View article: Estimation of epidemiological parameters and ascertainment rate from early transmission of COVID-19 across Africa
Estimation of epidemiological parameters and ascertainment rate from early transmission of COVID-19 across Africa Open
Country reported case counts suggested a slow spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa. Owing to inadequate public awareness, unestablished monitoring practices, limited testing and stigmas, there might …
View article: Off-label drug use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa: topic modelling and sentiment analysis of ivermectin in South Africa and Nigeria as a case study
Off-label drug use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa: topic modelling and sentiment analysis of ivermectin in South Africa and Nigeria as a case study Open
Although rejected by the World Health Organization, the human and even veterinary formulation of ivermectin has widely been used for prevention and treatment of COVID-19. In this work we leverage Twitter to understand the reasons for the d…
View article: Leveraging an epidemic–economic mathematical model to assess human responses to COVID-19 policies and disease progression
Leveraging an epidemic–economic mathematical model to assess human responses to COVID-19 policies and disease progression Open
It is imperative that resources are channelled towards programs that are efficient and cost effective in combating the spread of COVID-19, the disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study p…
View article: Impact assessment of self-medication on COVID-19 prevalence in Gauteng, South Africa, using an age-structured disease transmission modelling framework
Impact assessment of self-medication on COVID-19 prevalence in Gauteng, South Africa, using an age-structured disease transmission modelling framework Open
Introduction: Self-medication, as a global phenomenon, remains a pressing issue that requires attention worldwide, in particular, the Global South. It has been a hindrance to infectious disease control as it, in most cases dampens interven…
View article: Oral Fluvoxamine With Inhaled Budesonide for Treatment of Early-Onset COVID-19
Oral Fluvoxamine With Inhaled Budesonide for Treatment of Early-Onset COVID-19 Open
Latona Foundation, FastGrants, and Rainwater Charitable Foundation.
View article: Mpox Panic, Infodemic, and Stigmatization of the Two-Spirit, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning, Intersex, Asexual Community: Geospatial Analysis, Topic Modeling, and Sentiment Analysis of a Large, Multilingual Social Media Database
Mpox Panic, Infodemic, and Stigmatization of the Two-Spirit, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning, Intersex, Asexual Community: Geospatial Analysis, Topic Modeling, and Sentiment Analysis of a Large, Multilingual Social Media Database Open
Background The global Mpox (formerly, Monkeypox) outbreak is disproportionately affecting the gay and bisexual men having sex with men community. Objective The aim of this study is to use social media to study country-level variations in t…
View article: Big data- and artificial intelligence-based hot-spot analysis of COVID-19: Gauteng, South Africa, as a case study
Big data- and artificial intelligence-based hot-spot analysis of COVID-19: Gauteng, South Africa, as a case study Open
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has developed into a pandemic. Data-driven techniques can be used to inform and guide public health decision- and policy-makers. In generalizing the spread of a virus over a large area, such as a pro…
View article: Vaccine Hesitancy Hotspots in Africa: An Insight From Geotagged Twitter Posts
Vaccine Hesitancy Hotspots in Africa: An Insight From Geotagged Twitter Posts Open
Many social media users express concerns about vaccines and their side effects on Twitter. These concerns lead to a compromise of confidence which brings about vaccine hesitancy. In Africa, vaccine hesitancy is a major challenge faced by h…
View article: The Impact of Omicron Variant in Vaccine Uptake in South Africa
The Impact of Omicron Variant in Vaccine Uptake in South Africa Open
The first report of the Omicron variant triggered a lot of emotions towards vaccination in South Africa. These emotions are mostly expressed on social media such as Twitter. The result could weaken the confidence level of users even before…