James A. Evans
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View article: Shifting power asymmetries in scientific teams reveal China’s rising leadership in global science
Shifting power asymmetries in scientific teams reveal China’s rising leadership in global science Open
China’s emergence as one of the world’s top producers of high-quality science raises critical questions about its trajectory toward achieving scientific leadership. Traditional methods for evaluating the power of national scientific ecosys…
View article: Mapping Overlaps in Benchmarks through Perplexity in the Wild
Mapping Overlaps in Benchmarks through Perplexity in the Wild Open
We develop signatures of capacity familiarity to characterize large language model (LLM) benchmarks and their meaningful overlaps. Benchmark signatures probe the capacity required for benchmark performance. We formally define them as a set…
View article: Designing AI-Agents with Personalities: A Psychometric Approach
Designing AI-Agents with Personalities: A Psychometric Approach Open
We introduce a methodology for assigning quantifiable and psychometrically validated personalities to AI-Agents using the Big Five framework. Across three studies, we evaluate its feasibility and limitations. In Study 1, we show that large…
View article: The (Short-Term) Effects of Large Language Models on Unemployment and Earnings
The (Short-Term) Effects of Large Language Models on Unemployment and Earnings Open
Large Language Models have spread rapidly since the release of ChatGPT in late 2022, accompanied by claims of major productivity gains but also concerns about job displacement. This paper examines the short-run labor market effects of LLM …
View article: Learning from one and only one shot
Learning from one and only one shot Open
Humans can generalize from only a few examples and from little pretraining on similar tasks. Yet, machine learning (ML) typically requires large data to learn or pre-learn to transfer. Motivated by nativism and artificial general intellige…
View article: Socio-Epistemic Bubbles and Tacit Confidence in Randomized Clinical Trials
Socio-Epistemic Bubbles and Tacit Confidence in Randomized Clinical Trials Open
The paradigm of scientific medicine is among the most influential epistemic shifts in the past century, wherein randomized clinical trials (RCTs) represent the impartial arbiter of legitimate medical knowledge, a view prevalent among quant…
View article: Automatically Advancing LLM Expertise in Technology Judgment
Automatically Advancing LLM Expertise in Technology Judgment Open
Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly becoming core tools for science, engineering, and innovation. Their promise lies not just in remembering facts, but in putting knowledge to work. Despite their impressive ability to answer increasin…
View article: Synthesis of innovation and obsolescence
Synthesis of innovation and obsolescence Open
Innovation and obsolescence describe the dynamics of ever-churning social and biological systems, from the development of economic markets to scientific and technological progress to biological evolution. They have been widely discussed, b…
View article: Simulating Subjects: The Promise and Peril of AI Stand-ins for Social Agents and Interactions
Simulating Subjects: The Promise and Peril of AI Stand-ins for Social Agents and Interactions Open
Large Language Models (LLMs), through their exposure to massive collections of online text, learn to reproduce the perspectives and linguistic styles of diverse social and cultural groups. This capability suggests a powerful social scienti…
View article: Model predicted human mobility explains COVID-19 transmission in urban space without behavioral data
Model predicted human mobility explains COVID-19 transmission in urban space without behavioral data Open
The SARS-CoV-2 virus is primarily transmitted through in-person interactions, and so its growth in urban space is a complex function of human mobility behaviors that cannot be adequately explained by standard epidemiological models. Recent…
View article: Differential impact from individual versus collective misinformation tagging on the diversity of Twitter (X) information engagement and mobility
Differential impact from individual versus collective misinformation tagging on the diversity of Twitter (X) information engagement and mobility Open
Fears about the destabilizing impact of misinformation online have motivated individuals and platforms to respond. Individuals have increasingly challenged others’ online claims with fact-checks in pursuit of a healthier information ecosys…
View article: Emergence of human-like polarization among large language model agents
Emergence of human-like polarization among large language model agents Open
Rapid advances in large language models (LLMs) have not only empowered autonomous agents to generate social networks, communicate, and form shared and diverging opinions on political issues, but have also begun to play a growing role in sh…
View article: From Division to Unity: A Large-Scale Study on the Emergence of Computational Social Science, 1990-2021
From Division to Unity: A Large-Scale Study on the Emergence of Computational Social Science, 1990-2021 Open
We present a comprehensive study on the emergence of Computational Social Science (CSS) - an interdisciplinary field leveraging computational methods to address social science questions - and its impact on adjacent social sciences. We trai…
View article: China and the U.S. produce more impactful AI research when collaborating together
China and the U.S. produce more impactful AI research when collaborating together Open
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a disruptive technology, promising to grant a significant economic and strategic advantage to nations that harness its power. China, with its recent push towards AI adoption, is challenging the U.S.'…
View article: Designing AI-Agents with Personalities: A Psychometric Approach
Designing AI-Agents with Personalities: A Psychometric Approach Open
We introduce a methodology for assigning quantifiable and psychometrically validated personalities to AI-Agents using the Big Five framework. Across three studies, we evaluate its feasibility and limitations. In Study 1, we show that large…
View article: Designing LLM-Agents with Personalities: A Psychometric Approach
Designing LLM-Agents with Personalities: A Psychometric Approach Open
This research introduces a novel methodology for assigning quantifiable, controllable andpsychometrically validated personalities to Large Language Models-Based Agents (Agents)using the Big Five personality framework. It seeks to overcome …
View article: Clinical and Biochemical Outcomes in Transgender Individuals Undergoing Hormone Therapy: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Clinical and Biochemical Outcomes in Transgender Individuals Undergoing Hormone Therapy: Protocol for a Systematic Review Open
Background Monitoring of various clinical outcomes and parameters, such as lipid levels, is recommended in transgender individuals undergoing hormone therapies. However, comprehensive data to inform these recommendations is scarce. Objecti…
View article: The impact of storage, handling, and treatment on nutritional quality and safety of animal milk: A protocol for the systematic review and meta‐analysis
The impact of storage, handling, and treatment on nutritional quality and safety of animal milk: A protocol for the systematic review and meta‐analysis Open
Objectives Human milk has been shown to reduce severe morbidity in preterm/low‐birth‐weight infants and is therefore the recommended nutritional source. When infants cannot receive maternal milk, donor human milk (DHM) is recommended. The …
View article: The impact of donating milk on the health of milk donors and their infants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis protocol
The impact of donating milk on the health of milk donors and their infants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis protocol Open
Objectives Breast milk is the recommended nutritional source for newborns and has been associated with decreased morbidity in low‐birth‐weight and preterm infants. In situations where breast milk is not available, donor breast milk is an a…
View article: In Silico Sociology: Forecasting COVID-19 Polarization with Large Language Models
In Silico Sociology: Forecasting COVID-19 Polarization with Large Language Models Open
By training deep neural networks on massive archives of digitized text, large language models (LLMs) learn the complex linguistic patterns that constitute historic and contemporary discourses. We argue that LLMs can serve as a valuable too…
View article: Socio-Epistemic Bubbles and Tacit Confidence in Randomized Clinical Trials
Socio-Epistemic Bubbles and Tacit Confidence in Randomized Clinical Trials Open
The paradigm of scientific medicine is among the most influential epistemic shifts in the past century, wherein randomized clinical trials (RCTs) represent the impartial arbiter of legitimate medical knowledge, a view prevalent among quant…
View article: Generative AI To Recognize Response Fabrication in PTSD
Generative AI To Recognize Response Fabrication in PTSD Open
Fabricating symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can hinder accurate clinical assessments via structured diagnostic interviews1,2. Symptom simulation or fabrication is a known problem3,4 in PTSD assessments, with diverse motiv…
View article: Conditional Word Count and Huffman Code Size are Two Sides of the Same Coin: Response to Koplenig
Conditional Word Count and Huffman Code Size are Two Sides of the Same Coin: Response to Koplenig Open
Conditional Word Count and Huffman Code Size are Two Sides of the Same Coin: Response to Koplenig
View article: Algorithmic Abduction: Robots for Alien Reading
Algorithmic Abduction: Robots for Alien Reading Open
How should we incorporate algorithms into humanistic scholarship? The typical approach is to clone what humans have done, but faster, extrapolating expert insights to landfills of source material. But creative scholars do not clone traditi…
View article: Clinical and Biochemical Outcomes in Transgender Individuals Undergoing Hormone Therapy: Protocol for a Systematic Review (Preprint)
Clinical and Biochemical Outcomes in Transgender Individuals Undergoing Hormone Therapy: Protocol for a Systematic Review (Preprint) Open
BACKGROUND Monitoring of various clinical outcomes and parameters, such as lipid levels, is recommended in transgender individuals undergoing hormone therapies. However, comprehensive data to inform these recommendations is scarce. OBJE…
View article: Evolving AI Collectives to Enhance Human Diversity and Enable Self-Regulation
Evolving AI Collectives to Enhance Human Diversity and Enable Self-Regulation Open
Large language model behavior is shaped by the language of those with whom they interact. This capacity and their increasing prevalence online portend that they will intentionally or unintentionally "program" one another and form emergent …
View article: Disrupted routines anticipate musical exploration
Disrupted routines anticipate musical exploration Open
Understanding and predicting the emergence and evolution of cultural tastes manifested in consumption patterns is of central interest to social scientists, analysts of culture, and purveyors of content. Prior research suggests that taste p…
View article: Counterfactual mobility network embedding reveals prevalent accessibility gaps in U.S. cities
Counterfactual mobility network embedding reveals prevalent accessibility gaps in U.S. cities Open
Living in cities affords expanded access to various resources, infrastructures, and services at reduced travel costs, which improves social life and promotes systemic gains. However, recent research shows that urban dwellers also experienc…