James Thurlow
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View article: Modeling Crop‐Livestock Interactions in Semi‐Subsistence Economies
Modeling Crop‐Livestock Interactions in Semi‐Subsistence Economies Open
Climate and weather shocks pose significant threats to crop and livestock systems, leading to economic losses and humanitarian crises. Utilizing a modeling framework that innovatively integrates the crop and livestock production systems in…
View article: Assessing investment priorities for inclusive agricultural transformation in Tanzania
Assessing investment priorities for inclusive agricultural transformation in Tanzania Open
Motivation Policy‐makers dealing with conflicting development goals and constrained budgets must comprehend the relative cost effectiveness of agricultural and rural development initiatives. Purpose We assess the impact of alternative inte…
View article: Revisiting development strategy under climate uncertainty: case study of Malawi
Revisiting development strategy under climate uncertainty: case study of Malawi Open
This paper analyzes the effectiveness of agriculture-led versus non-agriculture-led development strategies under climate-induced economic uncertainty. Utilizing Malawi as a case study, we introduce the application of Stochastic Dominance (…
View article: Measuring changes in diet deprivation: New indicators and methods
Measuring changes in diet deprivation: New indicators and methods Open
Improving diet quality is an emerging development policy priority. Existing indicators emphasize the cost and affordability of healthy diets but have not attempted to measure how far households are from ideal diets or how policies may nudg…
View article: From Food Subsidies to Cash Transfers: Assessing Economy-Wide Benefits and Trade-Offs in Egypt
From Food Subsidies to Cash Transfers: Assessing Economy-Wide Benefits and Trade-Offs in Egypt Open
Food is a vital part of poor households' budgets and so subsidizing staple foods would appear to be an obvious pro-poor policy. Indeed, most countries in North Africa have prioritized large national subsidy programs for staple foods and fu…
View article: <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 and the economic recovery in South Asia: Economywide modeling scenarios for Bangladesh and Nepal
<span>COVID</span>‐19 and the economic recovery in South Asia: Economywide modeling scenarios for Bangladesh and Nepal Open
We use economywide models to examine the economic recovery from COVID‐19 shocks in Bangladesh and Nepal during 2020–2026. Declining labor productivity, capital underutilization, consumption shifts, and international investment shocks had s…
View article: Myanmar’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation
Myanmar’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation Open
Myanmar initiated economic and political reforms in 2011, ushering in a period of rapid economic transformation. The country experienced strong annual average economic growth of close to 7 percent between 2011 and 2019. The rural economy a…
View article: Rwanda’s agrifood system: Structure and drivers of transformation
Rwanda’s agrifood system: Structure and drivers of transformation Open
This paper assesses the structure of Rwanda’s current and evolving agrifood system and its contribution to national development. The paper reiterates the point that Rwanda’s agrifood system stretches well beyond primary agriculture and cre…
View article: Madagascar’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation
Madagascar’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation Open
Madagascar’s economy showed little progress during the decade from 2009 to 2019, growing at an average rate of just 2.9 percent per year, which is only marginally higher than the population growth rate of 2.7 percent (World Bank 2023). The…
View article: Kenya’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation
Kenya’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation Open
Kenya experienced significant economic development in the 2009 to 2019 period. Gross domestic product (GDP)—an indicator of the economy’s size—expanded by an annual average of 5 percent (KNBS 2022). This exceeded population growth and help…
View article: Sudan’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation
Sudan’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation Open
Since the secession of South Sudan in 2011, the Sudanese economy has faced an unprecedented economic downturn caused by the loss of around 75 percent of oil revenue, civil strife, and political instability (Alhelo, Siddig, and Kirui 2023),…
View article: Sudan’s agrifood system: Structure and drivers of transformation
Sudan’s agrifood system: Structure and drivers of transformation Open
Based on a set of economywide databases for Sudan that have detailed content on agricultural production and processing, this study diagnoses the transformation of Sudan’s agrifood system against a background of broad economic growth and tr…
View article: The economywide effects of reducing food loss and waste in developing countries
The economywide effects of reducing food loss and waste in developing countries Open
One of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is reducing food loss and waste (FLW) across all stages of food value chains, including the on-farm production, the off-farm postharvest, processing, and distribution, and the household consu…
View article: Mali’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation
Mali’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation Open
Mali experienced modest annual economic growth of 4.4 percent between 2009 and 2019 (INSTAT 2020; World Bank 2023a). With annual population growth of 3.0 percent during that period, the living standards of Malian people improved only modes…
View article: Democratic Republic of Congo’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation
Democratic Republic of Congo’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation Open
Agriculture in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is dominated by subsistence farming. Households grow food mainly for their own consumption and sell only when they have a surplus. The main crops are cassava, maize, yams, plantains, an…
View article: Tajikistan’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation
Tajikistan’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation Open
Tajikistan experienced strong annual economic growth of 6.8 percent during the 2011 to 2020 period (TAJSTAT 2020). This has translated into improved living standards, with the national poverty rate falling from 53.1 percent in 2007 to 26.3…
View article: Mozambique’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation
Mozambique’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation Open
Mozambique was one of the fastest-growing countries in sub-Saharan Africa between 2009 and 2014, with annual growth averaging about 7 percent (INE 2020; World Bank 2023a). However, adverse economic circumstances resulted in a significant w…
View article: Agrifood system in India - state factsheet: Odisha
Agrifood system in India - state factsheet: Odisha Open
This factsheet provides a brief description of the economic structure and the size of the agrifood system of Odisha, an Indian state. The agrifood system comprises primary agriculture, food processing, agrifood trade, food services, and in…
View article: Uganda’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation
Uganda’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation Open
Uganda experienced annual economic growth of 5.8 percent between 2009 and 2019 (UBOS 2020). While restrictive COVID-19 policy measures in 2020 and 2021 caused a slowdown in the economy, the country has largely been spared the adverse effec…
View article: Nepal’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation
Nepal’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation Open
Nepal experienced annual economic growth of 5.0 percent between 2009 and 2019 (World Bank 2023b). Thanks to a relatively slow population growth rate of 1.4 percent, the living standards of most Nepalis improved during this period; this all…
View article: Niger’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation
Niger’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation Open
Niger is a landlocked country in West Africa, and most of the population relies on subsistence farming. The country faces considerable food security challenges due to a combination of recurring droughts, desertification, population growth,…
View article: Malawi’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation
Malawi’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation Open
Malawi experienced modest growth from 2009 to 2019, with average annual GDP growth of 4.7 percent. The global COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant slowdown in 2020 and 2021, and the economy has not yet rebounded to pre-pandemic levels (W…
View article: Bangladesh’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation
Bangladesh’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation Open
Bangladesh experienced strong annual economic growth of 6.6 percent between 2009 and 2019 (BBS 2021). While the global COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant growth slowdown in 2020, growth started to recover in 2021. However, the recovery…
View article: Agrifood system in India - state factsheet: Bihar
Agrifood system in India - state factsheet: Bihar Open
This factsheet provides a brief description of the economic structure and the size of the agrifood system of Bihar, an Indian state. The agrifood system comprises primary agriculture, food processing, agrifood trade, food services, and inp…