Javier T. Gonzalez
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View article: Application potential of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in elite endurance athletes without diabetes: What do physiology and current evidence tell us?
Application potential of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in elite endurance athletes without diabetes: What do physiology and current evidence tell us? Open
View article: Does Intermittent Nutrition Enterally Normalise hormonal and metabolic responses to feeding in critically ill adults? The DINE-normal proof-of-concept study
Does Intermittent Nutrition Enterally Normalise hormonal and metabolic responses to feeding in critically ill adults? The DINE-normal proof-of-concept study Open
This trial was registered prospectively at clinicaltrials.gov (study ID NCT06115044).
View article: Basal Metabolic Requirements, Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Health, and Anthropometric Measures of Obesity in Women and Men With Restricted Growth Conditions
Basal Metabolic Requirements, Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Health, and Anthropometric Measures of Obesity in Women and Men With Restricted Growth Conditions Open
Population‐specific thresholds have not been defined for the levels of adiposity and systemic biomarkers that predict chronic health risks in people with restricted growth conditions. Here, anthropometric measures of adiposity, basal metab…
View article: Physical activity substitution: An overlooked constraint on energy expenditure during exercise and physical activity interventions
Physical activity substitution: An overlooked constraint on energy expenditure during exercise and physical activity interventions Open
Aims When exercise is prescribed, the new exercise could ‘substitute’ for pre‐existing physical activity such that the net effect on energy expenditure is less than predicted. However, the impact of substitution has not been examined to da…
View article: Effects of a combined energy restriction and vigorous‐intensity exercise intervention on the human gut microbiome: A randomised controlled trial
Effects of a combined energy restriction and vigorous‐intensity exercise intervention on the human gut microbiome: A randomised controlled trial Open
Metabolic health improvements in response to exercise and energy restriction may be mediated by the gut microbiome, yet causal evidence in humans remains limited. We used a 3‐week exercise and energy restriction intervention to examine cha…
View article: Ketone ester ingestion increases exogenous carbohydrate storage and lowers glycemia during post-exercise recovery: a randomised crossover trial
Ketone ester ingestion increases exogenous carbohydrate storage and lowers glycemia during post-exercise recovery: a randomised crossover trial Open
View article: The mixed-meal tolerance test as an appetite assay: methodological and practical considerations
The mixed-meal tolerance test as an appetite assay: methodological and practical considerations Open
View article: Co‐ingesting whey protein with dual‐source carbohydrate enhances amino acid availability without compromising post‐exercise liver glycogen resynthesis
Co‐ingesting whey protein with dual‐source carbohydrate enhances amino acid availability without compromising post‐exercise liver glycogen resynthesis Open
We examined the effects of ingesting maltodextrin and/or fructose with protein co‐ingestion on post‐exercise liver and muscle glycogen resynthesis. Following glycogen‐depleting exercise, 10 well‐trained male cyclists ingested 60 g h −1 car…
View article: Understanding treatment response heterogeneity using randomised crossover trials: A primer for exercise and nutrition scientists
Understanding treatment response heterogeneity using randomised crossover trials: A primer for exercise and nutrition scientists Open
Crossover randomised controlled trials (RCT) are common in exercise and nutrition sciences. Since researchers randomise participants to different sequences of the treatment and comparator/control conditions, crossover RCTs are powerful for…
View article: Diet in Pregnancy: A Review of Current Challenges and Recommendations. A British Nutrition Foundation Briefing Paper
Diet in Pregnancy: A Review of Current Challenges and Recommendations. A British Nutrition Foundation Briefing Paper Open
Pregnancy is a crucial period during which maternal nutrition, weight and lifestyle behaviours have a direct impact on both maternal and fetal health. This briefing paper describes dietary and lifestyle recommendations for women during the…
View article: Does Intermittent Nutrition Enterally Normalise hormonal and metabolic responses to feeding in critically ill adults? The DINE-Normal proof-of-concept study
Does Intermittent Nutrition Enterally Normalise hormonal and metabolic responses to feeding in critically ill adults? The DINE-Normal proof-of-concept study Open
Background and aims For intensive care unit (ICU) patients fed via a nasogastric (NG) tube, current guidelines recommend continuous feeding through the day and night. Emerging evidence in healthy individuals shows that NG feeding in an int…
View article: Understanding treatment response heterogeneity using randomised crossover trials: A primer for exercise and nutrition scientists
Understanding treatment response heterogeneity using randomised crossover trials: A primer for exercise and nutrition scientists Open
Crossover randomised controlled trials (RCT) are common in exercise and nutrition sciences. Since researchers randomise participants to different sequences of the treatment and comparator/control conditions, crossover RCTs are powerful for…
View article: Ketone ester ingestion increases exogenous carbohydrate storage and lowers glycemia during post-exercise recovery; A randomised crossover trial.
Ketone ester ingestion increases exogenous carbohydrate storage and lowers glycemia during post-exercise recovery; A randomised crossover trial. Open
β-hydroxybutyrate can suppress endogenous glucose production, with potential implications for carbohydrate metabolism during post-exercise recovery. The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of ketone ester ingestion during po…
View article: Exercise without Weight Loss Prevents Seasonal Decline in Vitamin D Metabolites: The VitaDEx Randomized Controlled Trial
Exercise without Weight Loss Prevents Seasonal Decline in Vitamin D Metabolites: The VitaDEx Randomized Controlled Trial Open
Many adults become vitamin D deficient or insufficient during winter at northerly latitudes when cutaneous vitamin D synthesis does not occur. Vitamin D accumulates in adipose tissue and people with overweight or obesity are more likely to…
View article: Personalised carbohydrate feeding during exercise based on exogenous glucose oxidation: a proof-of-concept study
Personalised carbohydrate feeding during exercise based on exogenous glucose oxidation: a proof-of-concept study Open
View article: Understanding treatment response heterogeneity using randomised crossover trials: A primer for exercise and nutrition scientists
Understanding treatment response heterogeneity using randomised crossover trials: A primer for exercise and nutrition scientists Open
Crossover randomised controlled trials (RCT) are common in exercise/nutrition sciences. Since researchers randomise participants to different sequences of the treatment and comparator/control conditions, crossover RCTs are powerful for det…
View article: Continuous glucose monitor overestimates glycemia, with the magnitude of bias varying by postprandial test and individual – a randomized crossover trial
Continuous glucose monitor overestimates glycemia, with the magnitude of bias varying by postprandial test and individual – a randomized crossover trial Open
View article: Response to Dr Zittermann
Response to Dr Zittermann Open
View article: Does intermittent nutrition enterally normalise hormonal and metabolic responses to feeding in critically ill adults? A protocol for the DINE-Normal proof-of-concept randomised parallel-group study
Does intermittent nutrition enterally normalise hormonal and metabolic responses to feeding in critically ill adults? A protocol for the DINE-Normal proof-of-concept randomised parallel-group study Open
Introduction Over half of patients who spend >48 hours in the intensive care unit (ICU) are fed via a nasogastric (NG) tube. Current guidance recommends continuous delivery of feed throughout the day and night. Emerging evidence from healt…
View article: Standardization of gut microbiome analysis in sports
Standardization of gut microbiome analysis in sports Open
View article: Are there interindividual differences in the reactive hypoglycaemia response to breakfast? A replicate crossover trial
Are there interindividual differences in the reactive hypoglycaemia response to breakfast? A replicate crossover trial Open
Background Following consumption of a meal, circulating glucose concentrations can rise and then fall briefly below the basal/fasting concentrations. This phenomenon is known as reactive hypoglycaemia but to date no researcher has explored…
View article: The effect of an acute bout of exercise on circulating vitamin D metabolite concentrations: a randomised crossover study in healthy adults
The effect of an acute bout of exercise on circulating vitamin D metabolite concentrations: a randomised crossover study in healthy adults Open
The effect of acute exercise on circulating concentrations of vitamin D metabolites is unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we examined the effect of a bout of treadmill‐based exercise versus rest on circulating concentrations of 25(OH)…
View article: Ketogenic diet but not free-sugar restriction alters glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, peripheral tissue phenotype, and gut microbiome: RCT
Ketogenic diet but not free-sugar restriction alters glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, peripheral tissue phenotype, and gut microbiome: RCT Open
View article: Exogenous glucose oxidation during exercise is positively related to body size
Exogenous glucose oxidation during exercise is positively related to body size Open
Current guidelines do not consider body size for carbohydrate intake during exercise. This study assessed whether larger people can oxidise more exogenous glucose during exercise than smaller people. Fifteen cyclists were allocated into tw…
View article: Characterizing 24-Hour Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression Alongside Metabolic and Endocrine Responses Under Diurnal Conditions
Characterizing 24-Hour Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression Alongside Metabolic and Endocrine Responses Under Diurnal Conditions Open
Context Skeletal muscle plays a central role in the storage, synthesis, and breakdown of nutrients, yet little research has explored temporal responses of this human tissue, especially with concurrent measures of systemic biomarkers of met…
View article: Myths and Methodologies: Standardisation in human physiology research—should we control the controllables?
Myths and Methodologies: Standardisation in human physiology research—should we control the controllables? Open
The premise of research in human physiology is to explore a multifaceted system whilst identifying one or a few outcomes of interest. Therefore, the control of potentially confounding variables requires careful thought regarding the extent…
View article: Myths and Methodologies: Standardisation in Human Physiology Research—Should We Control the Controllables?
Myths and Methodologies: Standardisation in Human Physiology Research—Should We Control the Controllables? Open
The premise of research in human physiology is to explore a multifaceted system whilst identifying one or a few outcomes of interest. Therefore, the control of potentially confounding variables requires careful thought regarding the extent…
View article: Are there interindividual differences in the reactive hypoglycaemia response to breakfast? A replicate crossover trial
Are there interindividual differences in the reactive hypoglycaemia response to breakfast? A replicate crossover trial Open
Background Following consumption of a meal, circulating glucose concentrations can rise and then fall briefly below the basal/fasting concentrations. This phenomenon is known as reactive hypoglycaemia but to date no study explored potentia…
View article: Are there interindividual differences in the reactive hypoglycaemia response to breakfast? A replicate crossover trial
Are there interindividual differences in the reactive hypoglycaemia response to breakfast? A replicate crossover trial Open
Background Following consumption of a meal, circulating glucose concentrations can rise and then fall briefly below the basal/fasting concentrations. This phenomenon is known as reactive hypoglycaemia but to date no study explored potentia…
View article: Are there sex differences in the variability of fasting metabolism?
Are there sex differences in the variability of fasting metabolism? Open
To investigate the within-individual variability in metabolic parameters in males and females, we performed a pooled secondary analysis of fasting blood samples, resting metabolic rate, and body mass from seven crossover studies. We found …