James D. Chalmers
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View article: Bacterial quantification assay to detect and monitor <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> infection in patients with bronchiectasis
Bacterial quantification assay to detect and monitor <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> infection in patients with bronchiectasis Open
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is the most commonly detected pathogen in bronchiectasis. The clinical standard of care for pathogen detection is culture, which has low sensitivity. Early detection and improved monitoring could be u…
View article: Clinical and cost-effectiveness of diverse posthospitalisation pathways for COVID-19: a UK evaluation using the PHOSP-COVID cohort
Clinical and cost-effectiveness of diverse posthospitalisation pathways for COVID-19: a UK evaluation using the PHOSP-COVID cohort Open
Background Long covid has emerged as a complex health condition for millions of people worldwide following the COVID-19 pandemic. Previously, we have categorised healthcare pathways for patients after discharge from hospital with COVID-19 …
View article: Phase 2a, Randomized Trial of Mitiperstat Versus Placebo in Patients with COPD at High Risk of Exacerbation (CRESCENDO)
Phase 2a, Randomized Trial of Mitiperstat Versus Placebo in Patients with COPD at High Risk of Exacerbation (CRESCENDO) Open
CRESCENDO will assess efficacy and safety of mitiperstat using a novel, patient-centric trial design to enhance participant recruitment, partially via community-based facilities, helping to overcome restrictive trial designs and better ref…
View article: Bronchiectasis in France: data on disease characteristics in 630 patients from the European Bronchiectasis registry (EMBARC)
Bronchiectasis in France: data on disease characteristics in 630 patients from the European Bronchiectasis registry (EMBARC) Open
In France, adults with bronchiectasis experience significant disease burden. Respiratory exacerbations are responsible for healthcare utilization and their prevention may require specialized multidisciplinary care and the development of no…
View article: Inflammatory and Mucociliary Dysfunction-Based Endotypes Across the Spectrum of Chronic Airway Diseases
Inflammatory and Mucociliary Dysfunction-Based Endotypes Across the Spectrum of Chronic Airway Diseases Open
Airway diseases have heterogeneous mucus properties. Patients cluster according to inflammatory endotype rather than disease label. Assessment based on disease labels may be aided by endotyping using inflammatory and mucociliary clearance …
View article: Investigating the impact of dipeptidyl peptidase-1 inhibition in humans using multi-omics
Investigating the impact of dipeptidyl peptidase-1 inhibition in humans using multi-omics Open
Brensocatib treatment in COVID-19 altered multiple neutrophil proteins including profound effects on Azu-1, identifying this as a key DPP-1 target and potentially highly sensitive biomarker of treatment efficacy.
View article: Molecular endotyping in people with bronchiectasis based on response to antibiotic treatment: iBEST study
Molecular endotyping in people with bronchiectasis based on response to antibiotic treatment: iBEST study Open
Background Culture-independent molecular techniques could potentially be used to measure microbiological efficacy in response to antibiotic treatment and improve understanding of the role of the airway microbiota in determining response in…
View article: Endotypes of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Infection in Bronchiectasis Are Associated with Inhaled Antibiotic Response: Results from Two Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Phase III Trials (ORBIT 3 and ORBIT 4)
Endotypes of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Infection in Bronchiectasis Are Associated with Inhaled Antibiotic Response: Results from Two Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Phase III Trials (ORBIT 3 and ORBIT 4) Open
Rationale: Replicate phase III trials of inhaled antibiotics in patients with bronchiectasis have produced inconsistent results. Objectives: This study investigated if different microbial and inflammatory endotypes are linked to antibiotic…
View article: Dipeptidyl peptidase 1 inhibitors and neutrophilic inflammation in bronchiectasis: a narrative review
Dipeptidyl peptidase 1 inhibitors and neutrophilic inflammation in bronchiectasis: a narrative review Open
DPP-1 inhibitors have exhibited promising effects in improving several major clinical outcomes in bronchiectasis via suppressing the activity of NSPs.
View article: Rationale and design of the Pneumococcal Pneumonia Epidemiology, Urine Serotyping and Mental Outcomes (PNEUMO) study Europe
Rationale and design of the Pneumococcal Pneumonia Epidemiology, Urine Serotyping and Mental Outcomes (PNEUMO) study Europe Open
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a major global contributor of human morbidity and mortality, with Streptococcus pneumoniae as the leading bacterial cause across all ages. While pneumococcal vaccines reduce the impact of pneumoco…
View article: Offering Digital Adherence Support Improves Clinical Outcomes for High-Risk Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients With Poor Adherence to Inhaled Therapy
Offering Digital Adherence Support Improves Clinical Outcomes for High-Risk Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients With Poor Adherence to Inhaled Therapy Open
Peer reviewed
View article: Dipeptidyl peptidase-1 inhibitors in bronchiectasis
Dipeptidyl peptidase-1 inhibitors in bronchiectasis Open
Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-1 (also known as cathepsin C) inhibitors are the first disease-specific therapy shown to be effective in bronchiectasis. The mechanism of action of DPP-1 inhibitors is suppression of activity of neutrophil serine…
View article: Neutrophilic inflammation in bronchiectasis
Neutrophilic inflammation in bronchiectasis Open
Noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, hereafter referred to as bronchiectasis, is a chronic, progressive lung disease that can affect people of all ages. Patients with clinically significant bronchiectasis have chronic cough and sputum produc…
View article: Use of inhaled corticosteroids in bronchiectasis: data from the European Bronchiectasis Registry (EMBARC)
Use of inhaled corticosteroids in bronchiectasis: data from the European Bronchiectasis Registry (EMBARC) Open
Introduction Current bronchiectasis guidelines advise against the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) except in patients with associated asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (…
View article: Seroprevalence of<i>Bordetella pertussis</i>in patients with COPD in a UK cohort
Seroprevalence of<i>Bordetella pertussis</i>in patients with COPD in a UK cohort Open
Between one in 25 and one in 20 individuals with COPD in the UK show evidence of recent Bordetella pertussis infection using anti-pertussis toxin IgG https://bit.ly/4gQCDnM.
View article: Ramadan fasting for patients with chronic respiratory diseases: a systematic review and consensus recommendations for healthcare professionals
Ramadan fasting for patients with chronic respiratory diseases: a systematic review and consensus recommendations for healthcare professionals Open
Background Ramadan, observed by nearly 2 billion Muslims worldwide, involves fasting from dawn to sunset, which can present challenges for individuals with chronic respiratory diseases due to altered medication regimens and oral intake res…
View article: Viewpoint: a white paper for a greener design, conduct and reporting of clinical trials in respiratory medicine
Viewpoint: a white paper for a greener design, conduct and reporting of clinical trials in respiratory medicine Open
Researchers and the ERJ editor-in-chief advocate for more sustainable clinical trials. Environmental considerations should be integrated from trial funding to dissemination. Stakeholders, including researchers, are urged to take action on …
View article: Dual Bronchodilators in Bronchiectasis Study: a randomised controlled trial
Dual Bronchodilators in Bronchiectasis Study: a randomised controlled trial Open
This study comparing exacerbations rates for dual bronchodilator therapy, triple therapy and placebo in bronchiectasis cannot provide definitive evidence. However, results suggest signs of of efficacy: a larger trial may provide valuable c…
View article: Baseline characteristics of patients in the Chinese Bronchiectasis Registry (BE-China): a multicentre prospective cohort study
Baseline characteristics of patients in the Chinese Bronchiectasis Registry (BE-China): a multicentre prospective cohort study Open
For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
View article: Pragmatic Evaluation of an Improvement Program for People Living With Modifiable High-Risk COPD Versus Usual Care: Protocol for the Cluster Randomized PREVAIL Trial
Pragmatic Evaluation of an Improvement Program for People Living With Modifiable High-Risk COPD Versus Usual Care: Protocol for the Cluster Randomized PREVAIL Trial Open
UK trial: ISRCTN15819828; US trial: NCT05306743.