Explanipedia

Intrauterine growth restriction promotes hypothalamic circadian dysregulation in adult mouse offspring Open

Alexandra E. O’Brien, Peter J. Mark, J. T. Smith, Kimberley C. W. Wang · 2025

Adverse prenatal conditions can induce intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and increase the risk of adulthood metabolic disease. Mechanisms underlying developmentally programmed metabolic disease remain unclear but may involve disrupted…

Reduced voluntary wheel running behaviour in Kiss1r knockout mice Open

Raj Patel, Aaron Gomes, Shane K. Maloney, J. T. Smith · 2024

Kisspeptin and its receptor, Kiss1r, are novel players in the central balance of energy intake and expenditure. Recent evidence also indicates that kisspeptin signalling is important in thermoregulation and generation of the circadian rhyt…

Inclusion of genital, sexual, and gender diversity in human reproductive teaching: impact on student experience and recommendations for tertiary educators Open

Nicholas Fimognari, Leaf R Kardol, Terese O'Shannassy, Katherine A. Sanders, J. T. Smith , et al. · 2024

We outline the teaching innovations that we have implemented to improve inclusion of diversity in reproductive biology and physiology contexts. This includes improved representation of genital, sexual, and gender diversity considerations i…

The role of placental kisspeptin in trophoblast invasion and migration: an assessment in Kiss1r knockout mice, BeWo cell lines and human term placenta Open

E N Panting, J H Weight, Julie Sartori, David A. Coall, J. T. Smith · 2024

Context There is mounting evidence implicating kisspeptin signalling in placental development and function. Aims This study aimed to elucidate kisspeptin’s role in trophoblast invasion and migration using three experimental models. Methods…

A Large Ankle Mass in a Figure Skater: A Case Report. Open

Richard Smith, Dale Davis, J. T. Smith · 2024

A 19-year-old male competitive figure skater presented to clinic with a 3-year history of right ankle swelling. Exam demonstrated a ~6cm diameter mass over the medial malleolus. MRI revealed a well-circumscribed fluid-filled mass. After fa…

Airway-associated adipose tissue accumulation is increased in a kisspeptin receptor knockout mouse model Open

Carolyn Wang, J. T. Smith, David Lu, Peter B. Noble, Kimberley C. W. Wang · 2023

Airway-associated adipose tissue increases with body mass index and is a local source of pro-inflammatory adipokines that may contribute to airway pathology in asthma co-existing with obesity. Genetic susceptibility to airway adiposity was…

Physical, psychological and biochemical recovery from anabolic steroid-induced hypogonadism: a scoping review Open

Pravik Solanki, Beng Eu, J. T. Smith, Carolyn A Allan, Kevin Lee · 2023

Hypogonadism can result following anabolic steroid abuse. The duration and degree of recovery from anabolic steroid-induced hypogonadism (ASIH) is immensely variable, and there is a paucity of prospective controlled data characterising the…

How Families Manage the Complex Medical Needs of Their Children with MECP2 Duplication Syndrome Open

Dani John Cherian, Daniel Ta, J. T. Smith, Jenny Downs, Helen Leonard · 2023

MECP2 duplication syndrome (MDS) is a rare, X-linked, neurodevelopmental disorder resulting from the duplication of the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene. The clinical features of MDS include severe intellectual disability, global …

Estrogenic Pastures: A Source of Endocrine Disruption in Sheep Reproduction Open

Kelsey Pool, Faustine Chazal, J. T. Smith, Dominique Blache · 2022

Phytoestrogens can impact on reproductive health due to their structural similarity to estradiol. Initially identified in sheep consuming estrogenic pasture, phytoestrogens are known to influence reproductive capacity in numerous species. …

Kisspeptin impacts on circadian and ultradian rhythms of core body temperature: Evidence in kisspeptin receptor knockout and kisspeptin knockdown mice Open

Georgia S. Kavanagh, Jason Tadi, Sydney M. Balkenhol, Alexander S. Kauffman, Shane K. Maloney , et al. · 2021

SUN-265 Reduced Locomotive Behaviour and Increased Arcuate Nucleus Inflammation Are Observed in KISS1R KO Male Mice Open

Raj Patel, Shane K. Maloney, J. T. Smith · 2020

The neuropeptide kisspeptin, encoded by the Kiss1 gene, binds the G- protein-coupled receptor Kiss1r (also known as GPR54) and is a novel player in the delicate balance of energy intake and expenditure. Mice that have a dysfunctional gene …

Expression of genes for Kisspeptin ( KISS1 ), Neurokinin B ( TAC3 ), Prodynorphin ( PDYN ), and gonadotropin inhibitory hormone ( RFRP ) across natural puberty in ewes Open

Qun Li, J. T. Smith, Belinda A. Henry, Alexandra Rao, Alda Pereira , et al. · 2020

Expression of particular genes in hypothami of ewes was measured across the natural pubertal transition by in situ hybridization. The ewes were allocated to three groups (n = 4); prepubertal, postpubertal and postpubertally gonadectomized …

Conditional knockout of kisspeptin signaling in brown adipose tissue increases metabolic rate and body temperature and lowers body weight Open

Kristen P. Tolson, Nuha Marooki, Julie‐Ann P. De Bond, Evelyn Walenta, Shannon B. Z. Stephens , et al. · 2019

The peptide kisspeptin and its receptor, Kiss1r, act centrally to stimulate reproduction. Evidence indicates that kisspeptin signaling is also important for body weight (BW) and metabolism. We recently reported that Kiss1r KO mice develop …

Cre/lox generation of a novel whole-body Kiss1r KO mouse line recapitulates a hypogonadal, obese, and metabolically-impaired phenotype Open

Kristen P. Tolson, Nuha Marooki, Andrew Wolfe, J. T. Smith, Alexander S. Kauffman · 2019

The role of kisspeptin in reproductive function in the ewe Open

J. T. Smith, P.A.R. Hawken, Michael N. Lehman, Graeme B. Martin · 2019

Summary Kisspeptin is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that is critical for fertility. In virtually all species, kisspeptin neurons stimulate gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion and act as transmitters for sex-steroid feedback to G…

Trampoline Troubles: Serious Traumatic Injuries in Children from a Trampoline Park, a Case Series Open

J. T. Smith, Brendan A. Williams, Tricia B. Swan · 2019

Background: Trampoline use is one of the most common causes of recreational injury in children. In recent years, trampoline parks have grown in popularity and may be altering the spectrum of the trampoline-related injuries that occur. Thes…

The role of kisspeptin neurons in reproduction and metabolism Open

Campbell J L Harter, Georgia S. Kavanagh, J. T. Smith · 2018

Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide with a critical role in the function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. Kisspeptin is produced by two major populations of neurons located in the hypothalamus, the rostral periventricular region …

Vitamin D is crucial for maternal care and offspring social behaviour in rats Open

Nathanael J. Yates, Dijana Tesic, Kirk W. Feindel, J. T. Smith, Michael W. Clarke , et al. · 2018

Early life vitamin D plays a prominent role in neurodevelopment and subsequent brain function, including schizophrenic-like outcomes and increasing evidence for an association with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we investigate how e…

Stimulation of growth hormone by kisspeptin antagonists in ewes Open

J. T. Smith, Antonia K. Roseweir, Michael Millar, Iain J. Clarke, Robert P. Millar · 2018

Kisspeptin signalling is indispensable for fertility, stimulating gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion and mediating gonadal steroid feedback on GnRH neurons. Moreover, kisspeptin neurons have been implicated in other non-reprod…

Kisspeptin Stimulates Growth Hormone Release by Utilizing Neuropeptide Y Pathways and Is Dependent on the Presence of Ghrelin in the Ewe Open

Chad D. Foradori, Brian K Whitlock, Jay A Daniel, Arthur D. Zimmerman, Melaney A. Jones , et al. · 2017

Although kisspeptin is the primary stimulator of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion and therefore the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, recent findings suggest kisspeptin can also regulate additional neuroendocrine processes inclu…

Effects of Season and Estradiol on KNDy Neuron Peptides, Colocalization With D2 Dopamine Receptors, and Dopaminergic Inputs in the Ewe Open

Peyton W. Weems, J. T. Smith, Iain J. Clarke, Lique M. Coolen, Robert L. Goodman , et al. · 2017

Seasonal reproduction in sheep is primarily due to a dramatic increase in the ability of estradiol (E2) to inhibit the pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) during the nonbreeding season [anestrus (ANS)]. Recent find…

Erratum: Gonadotropin-Inhibitory Hormone Is a Hypothalamic Peptide That Provides a Molecular Switch between Reproduction and Feeding Open

Iain J. Clarke, J. T. Smith, Belinda A. Henry, Brian J. Oldfield, Aneta Stefanidis , et al. · 2017

Objective: Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH)-3 is a neuropeptide that plays a major role in the regulation of reproduction and feeding in mammals. Materials and Methods: We measured endocrine and behavioura…

Unaltered Hypothalamic Metabolic Gene Expression in Kiss1r Knockout Mice Despite Obesity and Reduced Energy Expenditure Open

Julie‐Ann P. De Bond, Kristen P. Tolson, Chanond A. Nasamran, Alexander S. Kauffman, J. T. Smith · 2016

Kisspeptin controls reproduction by stimulating gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone neurones via its receptor Kiss1r . Kiss1r is also expressed other brain areas and in peripheral tissues, suggesting additional nonreproductive roles. We recent…

Diurnal regulation of hypothalamic kisspeptin is disrupted during mouse pregnancy Open

Cassandra Yap, Michaela D. Wharfe, Peter J. Mark, Brendan J. Waddell, J. T. Smith · 2016

Kisspeptin, the neuropeptide product of the Kiss1 gene, is critical in driving the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. Kisspeptin neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and arcuate nucleus (Arc) of the hypothala…

Pregnancy-induced adaptations of the central circadian clock and maternal glucocorticoids Open

Michaela D. Wharfe, Peter J. Mark, Caitlin S. Wyrwoll, J. T. Smith, Cassandra Yap , et al. · 2015

Maternal physiological adaptations, such as changes to the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, are central to pregnancy success. Circadian variation of the HPA axis is dependent on clock gene rhythms in the hypothalamus, but it is n…

Haplosufficient Genomic Androgen Receptor Signaling Is Adequate to Protect Female Mice From Induction of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Features by Prenatal Hyperandrogenization Open

Aimée Sarah Lee Caldwell, Stéphanie Eid, Carson Kay, M. Jimenez, Aisling C. McMahon , et al. · 2015

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with reproductive, endocrine, and metabolic abnormalities. Because hyperandrogenism is the most consistent PCOS feature, we used wild-type (WT) and androgen receptor (AR) knockout (ARKO) mice,…

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