John V. Williams
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View article: Changes in Antiviral Prescribing for Children With Influenza in US Emergency Departments
Changes in Antiviral Prescribing for Children With Influenza in US Emergency Departments Open
Importance Despite national recommendations, antiviral prescribing in emergency departments (EDs) for children at higher risk of severe influenza, such as those younger than 5 years and those with specific underlying conditions, remains lo…
View article: Dynamic beam-stabilized, additive-printed flexible antenna arrays with on-chip rapid insight generation
Dynamic beam-stabilized, additive-printed flexible antenna arrays with on-chip rapid insight generation Open
Conformal phased arrays promise shape-changing properties, multiple degrees of freedom in the scan angle, and applications for edge computing, including devices for wearable, airborne, and seaborne platforms. However, they have suffered fr…
View article: Targeting an essential viral oncoprotein with an IL-7-enhanced mRNA vaccine induces durable immunity to Merkel cell carcinoma
Targeting an essential viral oncoprotein with an IL-7-enhanced mRNA vaccine induces durable immunity to Merkel cell carcinoma Open
Although mRNA technologies have reinvigorated cancer vaccine development, the identification of strong antigens with consistent tumor cell expression and generation of durable antigen-specific CD8+ T cell memory remain key challenges. We i…
View article: Limited nasal IFN production contributes to delayed respiratory virus clearance and suboptimal vaccine responses
Limited nasal IFN production contributes to delayed respiratory virus clearance and suboptimal vaccine responses Open
Acute lower respiratory infections are the primary cause of global mortality in postneonatal children. Most respiratory viruses primarily involve upper airway infection and inflammation, yet nasal responses are poorly characterized. Using …
View article: Genomic Analysis of Rotavirus G8P[8] Strains Detected in the United States Through Active Surveillance, 2016–2017
Genomic Analysis of Rotavirus G8P[8] Strains Detected in the United States Through Active Surveillance, 2016–2017 Open
G8 rotaviruses are primarily associated with animals and infrequently cause infections in humans. The first detection of G8 strains in humans occurred around 1979, and since then, their presence has been sporadic, particularly in the Unite…
View article: Emergence and Epidemiology of Dominant Variants of Human Metapneumovirus in the United States between 2016 and 2021
Emergence and Epidemiology of Dominant Variants of Human Metapneumovirus in the United States between 2016 and 2021 Open
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) causes acute respiratory disease worldwide and is the second leading cause of lower respiratory infection and hospitalization in young children in the US. There is no licensed vaccine or therapeutic. HMPV mutat…
View article: Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children: A Comparative Analysis
Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children: A Comparative Analysis Open
BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are genetically related viruses and major causes of medically attended acute respiratory illness in children. Research comparing the severity of illnesses result…
View article: Assessing the Significance of Hyperthermia in Newborns Undergoing Phototherapy for Hyperbilirubinemia
Assessing the Significance of Hyperthermia in Newborns Undergoing Phototherapy for Hyperbilirubinemia Open
About 2% of full-term neonates are evaluated for fever, with serious bacterial infections (SBIs) identified in roughly 10% of cases. The 2021 American Academy of Pediatrics guideline standardizes febrile neonate evaluation, but factors lik…
View article: Immune cells promote paralytic disease in mice infected with enterovirus D68
Immune cells promote paralytic disease in mice infected with enterovirus D68 Open
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is associated with acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), a poliomyelitis-like illness causing paralysis in young children. However, the mechanisms of paralysis are unclear, and antiviral therapies are lacking. To better un…
View article: Antiviral Prescription in Children With Influenza in US Emergency Departments: New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN), 2016–2020
Antiviral Prescription in Children With Influenza in US Emergency Departments: New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN), 2016–2020 Open
Background Influenza contributes to a high burden of pediatric emergency department (ED) visits annually. Guidelines recommend outpatient antiviral treatment for children at higher risk of severe influenza and recommend considering treatme…
View article: Dynamic Beam-Stabilized, Additive-Printed Flexible Antenna Arrays with On-Chip Rapid Insight Generation
Dynamic Beam-Stabilized, Additive-Printed Flexible Antenna Arrays with On-Chip Rapid Insight Generation Open
Conformal phased arrays promise shape-changing properties, multiple degrees of freedom to the scan angle, and novel applications in wearables, aerospace, defense, vehicles, and ships. However, they have suffered from two critical limitatio…
View article: Dynamic Beam-Stabilized, Additive-Printed Flexible Antenna Arrays with On-Chip Rapid Insight Generation
Dynamic Beam-Stabilized, Additive-Printed Flexible Antenna Arrays with On-Chip Rapid Insight Generation Open
Conformal phased arrays promise shape-changing properties, multiple degrees of freedom to the scan angle, and novel applications in wearables, aerospace, defense, vehicles, and ships. However, they have suffered from two critical limitatio…
View article: Enterovirus D68–Associated Respiratory Illness in Children
Enterovirus D68–Associated Respiratory Illness in Children Open
Importance Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) typically causes mild to severe acute respiratory illness (ARI). Testing and surveillance for EV-D68 in the US are limited, and important epidemiologic gaps remain. Objective To characterize the epidemio…
View article: Interim Evaluation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalization Rates Among Infants and Young Children After Introduction of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prevention Products — United States, October 2024–February 2025
Interim Evaluation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalization Rates Among Infants and Young Children After Introduction of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prevention Products — United States, October 2024–February 2025 Open
Maternal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine and nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody for infants aged 0-7 months and children aged 8-19 months who are at increased risk for severe RSV disease, became widely available for pr…
View article: Th1 differentiation and function are inhibited in neonates following human metapneumovirus infection
Th1 differentiation and function are inhibited in neonates following human metapneumovirus infection Open
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children accounting for 7% of acute care visits and hospitalizations. In particular, neonates and infants have worse outcomes with HMPV infection. The …
View article: Metatranscriptomic profiling reveals pathogen and host response signatures of pediatric acute sinusitis and upper respiratory infection
Metatranscriptomic profiling reveals pathogen and host response signatures of pediatric acute sinusitis and upper respiratory infection Open
Background Acute sinusitis (AS) is a frequent cause of antibiotic prescriptions in children. Distinguishing bacterial AS from common viral upper respiratory infections (URIs) is crucial to prevent unnecessary antibiotic use but is challeng…
View article: Interim Estimates of 2024–2025 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness — Four Vaccine Effectiveness Networks, United States, October 2024–February 2025
Interim Estimates of 2024–2025 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness — Four Vaccine Effectiveness Networks, United States, October 2024–February 2025 Open
Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months in the United States. Interim influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated among patients with acute respiratory illness-associated outpatient visits and hos…
View article: P-670. Differences in Adenovirus Type Detection in Children with Acute Respiratory Illness versus Healthy Controls: New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) 2016-2019
P-670. Differences in Adenovirus Type Detection in Children with Acute Respiratory Illness versus Healthy Controls: New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) 2016-2019 Open
Background Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a common cause of acute respiratory illness (ARI) in children, ranging from asymptomatic to life-threatening disease. While previous studies have examined asymptomatic vs HAdV ARI infections, few have …
View article: P-989. Respiratory virus infections and symptoms for mothers of infants with acute respiratory infection
P-989. Respiratory virus infections and symptoms for mothers of infants with acute respiratory infection Open
Background It is recommended that women receive 4 vaccines (influenza, SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Tdap) during pregnancy. Among infants with acute respiratory infection (ARI), limited data exist on the burden of viral i…
View article: P-2366. Influenza-Specific Antiviral Use in Hospitalized Children Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic, New Vaccine Surveillance Network (2016–2023)
P-2366. Influenza-Specific Antiviral Use in Hospitalized Children Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic, New Vaccine Surveillance Network (2016–2023) Open
Background Influenza-specific antivirals are recommended for all hospitalized children with suspected or confirmed influenza. However, antiviral use remains suboptimal. We investigated antiviral use in children hospitalized with influenza …
View article: P-1203. Acute Respiratory Viral Infections in Children with Malignancy in the CDC New Vaccine Surveillance Network, 2016–2020
P-1203. Acute Respiratory Viral Infections in Children with Malignancy in the CDC New Vaccine Surveillance Network, 2016–2020 Open
Background Acute respiratory infections (ARI) can be severe in children with malignancy. We studied the frequency of respiratory viruses in children with cancer (leukemia, lymphoma, solid organ, or CNS) who presented with ARI in the CDC Ne…
View article: P-2329. Diversity of Rhinovirus Types in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic, New Vaccine Surveillance Network, 03/01/20-02/28/21
P-2329. Diversity of Rhinovirus Types in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic, New Vaccine Surveillance Network, 03/01/20-02/28/21 Open
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, seasonal respiratory virus detections decreased. However, rhinoviruses (RV) continued to circulate in high numbers. Previous data suggest that RV type circulation is heterogenous and diverse. We cha…
View article: P-1209. Changes in Antiviral Prescription for Children with Influenza in U.S. Emergency Departments During the COVID-19 Pandemic: New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN), 2016-2023
P-1209. Changes in Antiviral Prescription for Children with Influenza in U.S. Emergency Departments During the COVID-19 Pandemic: New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN), 2016-2023 Open
Background Despite recommendations from CDC and ACIP, antiviral prescription for children who are at higher risk of severe influenza (including those < 5 years and those with certain underlying conditions) in emergency departments (EDs)…
View article: P-2358. Viral etiologies of bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and croup in children less than 5 years old, New Vaccine Surveillance Network, 2016-2022
P-2358. Viral etiologies of bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and croup in children less than 5 years old, New Vaccine Surveillance Network, 2016-2022 Open
Background Acute respiratory illness (ARI) is a leading cause of medically attended visits among children. A multi-season, multicenter, prospective evaluation of viral etiologies for different ARI syndromes is lacking. We describe the epid…
View article: Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Medically Attended Outpatients Illness, United States, 2023–2024 Season
Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Medically Attended Outpatients Illness, United States, 2023–2024 Season Open
Background The 2023–2024 US influenza season was characterized by a predominance of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus circulation with cocirculation of A(H3N2) and B/Victoria viruses. We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the United States against m…
View article: Estimated Vaccine Effectiveness for Pediatric Patients With Severe Influenza, 2015-2020
Estimated Vaccine Effectiveness for Pediatric Patients With Severe Influenza, 2015-2020 Open
Importance Increasing the understanding of vaccine effectiveness (VE) against levels of severe influenza in children could help increase uptake of influenza vaccination and strengthen vaccine policies globally. Objective To investigate VE …
View article: Antiviral Use Among Children Hospitalized With Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Illness: A Prospective, Multicenter Surveillance Study
Antiviral Use Among Children Hospitalized With Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Illness: A Prospective, Multicenter Surveillance Study Open
Background Guidelines state that all hospitalized children with suspected or confirmed influenza receive prompt treatment with influenza-specific antivirals. We sought to determine the frequency of, and factors associated with, antiviral r…
View article: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Burden and Nirsevimab Effectiveness in Young Children From 2023-2024
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Burden and Nirsevimab Effectiveness in Young Children From 2023-2024 Open
Importance During the 2023-2024 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) season in the United States, 2 new RSV prevention products were recommended to protect infants in their first RSV season: nirsevimab and Pfizer’s maternal RSV vaccine. Postl…
View article: Underutilization of Influenza Antiviral Treatment Among Children and Adolescents at Higher Risk for Influenza-Associated Complications — United States, 2023–2024
Underutilization of Influenza Antiviral Treatment Among Children and Adolescents at Higher Risk for Influenza-Associated Complications — United States, 2023–2024 Open
Annually, tens of thousands of U.S. children and adolescents are hospitalized with seasonal influenza virus infection. Both influenza vaccination and early initiation of antiviral treatment can reduce complications of influenza. Using data…