Jesse D. Blanton
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View article: Rabies in livestock in the United States (2012–2021)
Rabies in livestock in the United States (2012–2021) Open
Rabies in livestock in the United States (US) poses a significant public health concern due to the potential for human exposure and economic losses to producers. Understanding the epidemiology of rabies in livestock supports broader One He…
View article: What is Rural? Examining the relationship between human populations and their inter-connectedness in the context of communicable disease transmission
What is Rural? Examining the relationship between human populations and their inter-connectedness in the context of communicable disease transmission Open
Background: Rurality and urbanicity are recognized determinants of public health outcomes that influence policy and resource allocation. However, many commonly used methods to classify the rural-urban continuum, such as the Rural-Urban Com…
View article: Rabies healthcare-seeking behaviors of urban and peri-urban residents: Results from a rabies knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey, Bangladesh, 2018
Rabies healthcare-seeking behaviors of urban and peri-urban residents: Results from a rabies knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey, Bangladesh, 2018 Open
Rabies is one of the most lethal infectious diseases, with those living in Asia and Africa having the highest risk of dying from rabies. We conducted a knowledge, attitudes and practices survey in urban and peri-urban areas of Bangladesh t…
View article: Use of a Modified Preexposure Prophylaxis Vaccination Schedule to Prevent Human Rabies: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2022
Use of a Modified Preexposure Prophylaxis Vaccination Schedule to Prevent Human Rabies: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2022 Open
Human rabies is an acute, progressive encephalomyelitis that is nearly always fatal once symptoms begin. Several measures have been implemented to prevent human rabies in the United States, including vaccination of targeted domesticated an…
View article: A country classification system to inform rabies prevention guidelines and regulations
A country classification system to inform rabies prevention guidelines and regulations Open
Background Assessing the global risk of rabies exposure is a complicated task requiring individual risk assessments, knowledge of rabies epidemiology, surveillance capacity and accessibility of rabies biologics on a national and regional s…
View article: Every Dog Has Its Data: Evaluation of a Technology-Aided Canine Rabies Vaccination Campaign to Implement a Microplanning Approach
Every Dog Has Its Data: Evaluation of a Technology-Aided Canine Rabies Vaccination Campaign to Implement a Microplanning Approach Open
Background: Robust dog vaccination coverage is the primary way to eliminate canine rabies. Haiti conducts annual canine mass vaccination campaigns, but still has the most human deaths in the Latin American and Caribbean region. We conducte…
View article: Evaluating Surveillance for and Estimating Administration of Rabies Postexposure Prophylaxis in the United States, 2012–2018
Evaluating Surveillance for and Estimating Administration of Rabies Postexposure Prophylaxis in the United States, 2012–2018 Open
Background An evaluation of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) surveillance has not been conducted in over 10 years in the United States. An accurate assessment would be important to understand current rabies trends and inform public health pr…
View article: Costs and effectiveness of alternative dog vaccination strategies to improve dog population coverage in rural and urban settings during a rabies outbreak
Costs and effectiveness of alternative dog vaccination strategies to improve dog population coverage in rural and urban settings during a rabies outbreak Open
Dog-rabies elimination programs have typically relied upon parenteral vaccination at central-point locations; however, dog-ownership practices, accessibility to hard-to-reach sub-populations, resource limitations, and logistics may impact …
View article: Barriers to attendance of canine rabies vaccination campaigns in Haiti, 2017
Barriers to attendance of canine rabies vaccination campaigns in Haiti, 2017 Open
We conducted a cross-sectional survey to better understand the barriers to attendance at canine rabies vaccination campaigns in Haiti. A structured community-based questionnaire was conducted over a 15-day period during May-June 2017, focu…
View article: Evaluation of rabies virus characterization to enhance early detection of important rabies epizootic events in the United States
Evaluation of rabies virus characterization to enhance early detection of important rabies epizootic events in the United States Open
OBJECTIVE To evaluate rabies virus (RABV) characterization data obtained from animal specimens submitted to the US public health rabies surveillance system and propose a standardized approach to sample selection for RABV characterization t…
View article: Evaluation of species identification and rabies virus characterization among bat rabies cases in the United States
Evaluation of species identification and rabies virus characterization among bat rabies cases in the United States Open
OBJECTIVE To evaluate species identification and rabies virus (RABV) characterization among samples from bats submitted for rabies testing in the United States and assess whether a standardized approach to specimen selection for RABV chara…
View article: Determining the post-elimination level of vaccination needed to prevent re-establishment of dog rabies
Determining the post-elimination level of vaccination needed to prevent re-establishment of dog rabies Open
Without strong surveillance systems, rabies-free countries are vulnerable to becoming endemic when incursions happen. To prevent this, it may be necessary to vaccinate at least 38% to 56% of the susceptible dog population depending on the …
View article: Overview of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis access, procurement and distribution in selected countries in Asia and Africa, 2017–2018
Overview of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis access, procurement and distribution in selected countries in Asia and Africa, 2017–2018 Open
While all countries in our assessment had rabies vaccines available in the public sector to some extent, barriers to access include the high cost of the vaccine to the government as well as to patients. Countries should be encouraged to us…
View article: <i>Notes from the Field</i>: A Multipartner Response to Prevent a Binational Rabies Outbreak — Anse-à-Pitre, Haiti, 2019
<i>Notes from the Field</i>: A Multipartner Response to Prevent a Binational Rabies Outbreak — Anse-à-Pitre, Haiti, 2019 Open
Response Team
View article: Use of photography to identify free-roaming dogs during sight-resight surveys: Impacts on estimates of population size and vaccination coverage, Haiti 2016
Use of photography to identify free-roaming dogs during sight-resight surveys: Impacts on estimates of population size and vaccination coverage, Haiti 2016 Open
Using photos improved dog identification during the sight-resight study, leading to a higher population estimate. Despite using a 2-mark system to temporarily identify vaccinated dogs, a significant proportion had lost all identifying mark…
View article: <i>Vital Signs:</i> Trends in Human Rabies Deaths and Exposures — United States, 1938–2018
<i>Vital Signs:</i> Trends in Human Rabies Deaths and Exposures — United States, 1938–2018 Open
In the United States, wildlife rabies, especially in bats, continues to pose a risk to humans. Travelers also might be exposed to canine rabies in countries where the disease is still present; increased awareness of rabies while traveling …
View article: Environmental distribution of certain modified live-virus vaccines with a high safety profile presents a low-risk, high-reward to control zoonotic diseases
Environmental distribution of certain modified live-virus vaccines with a high safety profile presents a low-risk, high-reward to control zoonotic diseases Open
Oral vaccines aid immunization of hard to reach animal populations but often contain live-attenuated viruses that pose risks of reversion to virulence or residual pathogenicity. Human risk assessment is crucial prior to vaccine field distr…
View article: Human Rabies — Virginia, 2017
Human Rabies — Virginia, 2017 Open
On May 9, 2017, the Virginia Department of Health was notified regarding a patient with suspected rabies. The patient had sustained a dog bite 6 weeks before symptom onset while traveling in India. On May 11, CDC confirmed that the patient…
View article: Estimating the effectiveness of vaccine programs in dog populations
Estimating the effectiveness of vaccine programs in dog populations Open
Dogs harbor numerous zoonotic pathogens, many of which are controlled through vaccination programs. The delivery of these programs can be difficult where resources are limited. We developed a dynamic model to estimate vaccination coverage …
View article: Rabies vaccine initiation and adherence among animal-bite patients in Haiti, 2015
Rabies vaccine initiation and adherence among animal-bite patients in Haiti, 2015 Open
High levels of underreporting identified here are of concern since vaccine distribution may, in part, be based on the number of animal-bite cases reported. Given that the Haitian government provides PEP to the population for free and we fo…
View article: From recognition to action: A strategic approach to foster sustainable collaborations for rabies elimination
From recognition to action: A strategic approach to foster sustainable collaborations for rabies elimination Open
The World Health Organization (WHO), World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), Food
\n and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and Global Alliance for Rabies
\n Control (GARC) have established a global goal for the eli…
View article: The influence of poverty and rabies knowledge on healthcare seeking behaviors and dog ownership, Cameroon
The influence of poverty and rabies knowledge on healthcare seeking behaviors and dog ownership, Cameroon Open
In the communities evaluated, the majority of dogs were allowed to roam freely and had no history of rabies vaccination; factors that favor enzootic transmission of canine rabies virus. We also identified a strong relationship between pove…
View article: Cost-effectiveness of dog rabies vaccination programs in East Africa
Cost-effectiveness of dog rabies vaccination programs in East Africa Open
Dog rabies vaccination programs can control, and potentially eliminate, dog rabies. The frequency and coverage of vaccination programs, along with the level of dog rabies transmission, can affect the cost-effectiveness of such programs. Ra…