Explanipedia

Monotherapy with antibody 1C3 partially protects Ebola virus-exposed macaques Open

Gabriella Worwa, Carl W. Davis, Sarah E. Klim, Jacquelyn Turcinovic, Krystle N. Agans , et al. · 2025

A cocktail of human monoclonal antibodies 1C3 and 1C11 previously protected macaques from a lethal exposure to either Ebola virus (EBOV) or Sudan virus (SUDV). 1C3 is of particular interest because its paratope strongly binds with unique s…

Remdesivir, mAb114, REGN-EB3, and ZMapp partially rescue nonhuman primates infected with a low passage Kikwit variant of Ebola virus Open

Abhishek N. Prasad, Courtney Woolsey, Viktoriya Borisevich, Krystle N. Agans, Daniel J. Deer , et al. · 2025

In 2018, a clinical trial of four investigational therapies for Ebola virus disease (EVD), known as the PALM trial, was conducted in the Democratic Republic of Congo. All patients received either the antiviral remdesivir (RDV) or a monoclo…

A Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus–Based Vaccine Provides Postexposure Protection Against Bundibugyo Ebolavirus Infection Open

Courtney Woolsey, Jamie Strampe, Karla A. Fenton, Krystle N. Agans, Jasmine Martinez , et al. · 2023

Background The filovirus Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) causes severe disease with a mortality rate of approximately 20%–51%. The only licensed filovirus vaccine in the United States, Ervebo, consists of a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (…

Pathogenesis of Aerosolized Ebola Virus Variant Makona in Nonhuman Primates Open

Abhishek N. Prasad, Karla A. Fenton, Krystle N. Agans, Viktoriya Borisevich, Courtney Woolsey , et al. · 2023

Background Highly pathogenic filoviruses such as Ebola virus (EBOV) hold capacity for delivery by artificial aerosols, and thus potential for intentional misuse. Previous studies have shown that high doses of EBOV delivered by small-partic…

Natural history of nonhuman primates after conjunctival exposure to Ebola virus Open

Robert W. Cross, Abhishek N. Prasad, Courtney Woolsey, Krystle N. Agans, Viktoriya Borisevich , et al. · 2023

Transmission of Ebola virus (EBOV) primarily occurs via contact exposure of mucosal surfaces with infected body fluids. Historically, nonhuman primate (NHP) challenge studies have employed intramuscular (i.m.) or small particle aerosol exp…

Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus–vectored vaccine induces long-lasting immunity against Nipah virus disease Open

Courtney Woolsey, Viktoriya Borisevich, Alyssa C. Fears, Krystle N. Agans, Daniel J. Deer , et al. · 2022

The emergence of the novel henipavirus, Langya virus, received global attention after the virus sickened over three dozen people in China. There is heightened concern that henipaviruses, as respiratory pathogens, could spark another pandem…

The therapeutic monoclonal antibody bamlanivimab does not enhance SARS‑CoV-2 infection by FcR-mediated mechanisms Open

Robert M. Cross, Christopher M. Wiethoff, Patricia Brown‐Augsburger, Shawn Berens, Jamie L. Blackbourne , et al. · 2022

Background Antibodies targeting envelope glycoproteins have been shown in some instances to enhance infection by subverting Fc receptor and complement function, or by directly inducing fusion with cellular membranes. The potential for anti…

A recombinant VSV-vectored vaccine rapidly protects nonhuman primates against heterologous lethal Lassa fever Open

Robert W. Cross, Courtney Woolsey, Abhishek N. Prasad, Viktoriya Borisevich, Krystle N. Agans , et al. · 2022

Lassa virus (LASV) is recognized by the World Health Organization as one of the top five pathogens likely to cause a severe outbreak. A recent unprecedented resurgence of LASV in Nigeria caused by genetically diverse strains underscores th…

Reversion of Ebolavirus Disease from a Single Intramuscular Injection of a Pan-Ebolavirus Immunotherapeutic Open

Erin A. Kuang, Robert W. Cross, Maria McCavitt-Malvido, Dafna M. Abelson, Viktoriya Borisevich , et al. · 2022

Intravenous (IV) administration of antiviral monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can be challenging, particularly during an ongoing epidemic, due to the considerable resources required for performing infusions. An ebolavirus therapeutic administe…

Natural history of <i>Sudan ebolavirus</i> infection in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques Open

Courtney Woolsey, Alyssa C. Fears, Viktoriya Borisevich, Krystle N. Agans, Natalie S. Dobias , et al. · 2022

Due to its high mortality rate and continued re-emergence, Ebolavirus disease (EVD) continues to pose a serious threat to global health. A group of viruses within the genus Ebolavirus causes this severe hemorrhagic disease in humans…

A highly attenuated Vesiculovax vaccine rapidly protects nonhuman primates against lethal Marburg virus challenge Open

Courtney Woolsey, Robert W. Cross, Krystle N. Agans, Viktoriya Borisevich, Daniel J. Deer , et al. · 2022

Background Marburg virus (MARV), an Ebola-like virus, remains an eminent threat to public health as demonstrated by its high associated mortality rate (23–90%) and recent emergence in West Africa for the first time. Although a recombinant …

Combination therapy with remdesivir and monoclonal antibodies protects nonhuman primates against advanced Sudan virus disease Open

Robert W. Cross, Zachary A. Bornholdt, Abhishek N. Prasad, Courtney Woolsey, Viktoriya Borisevich , et al. · 2022

A major challenge in managing acute viral infections is ameliorating disease when treatment is delayed. Previously, we reported the success of a 2-pronged mAb and antiviral remdesivir therapeutic approach to treat advanced illness in rhesu…

A recombinant VSV-vectored vaccine rapidly protects nonhuman primates against lethal Nipah virus disease Open

Stephanie L. Foster, Courtney Woolsey, Viktoriya Borisevich, Krystle N. Agans, Abhishek N. Prasad , et al. · 2022

Significance Concern has increased about the pandemic potential of Nipah virus (NiV). Similar to SARS-CoV-2, NiV is an RNA virus that is transmitted by respiratory droplets. There are currently no NiV vaccines licensed for human use. While…

Asymmetric and non-stoichiometric glycoprotein recognition by two distinct antibodies results in broad protection against ebolaviruses Open

Jacob C. Milligan, Carl W. Davis, Xiaoying Yu, Philipp A. Ilinykh, Kai Huang , et al. · 2022

A highly attenuated Vesiculovax vaccine rapidly protects nonhuman primates against lethal Marburg virus challenge Open

Courtney Woolsey, Robert W. Cross, Krystle N. Agans, Viktoriya Borisevich, Daniel J. Deer , et al. · 2022

Background Marburg virus (MARV), an Ebola-like virus, remains an eminent threat to public health as demonstrated by its high associated mortality rate (23-90%) and recent emergence in West Africa for the first time. Although a recombinant …

Reversion of Ebolavirus Disease from a Single Intramuscular Injection of a pan-Ebolavirus Immunotherapeutic Open

Erin A. Kuang, Robert W. Cross, Maria McCavitt-Malvido, Dafna M. Abelson, Viktoriya Borisevich , et al. · 2022

Intravenous administration (IV) of antiviral monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is challenging due to limited resources for performing infusions during an ongoing epidemic. An ebolavirus therapeutic administered via intramuscular (IM) injection …

Natural history of <i>Sudan ebolavirus</i> infection in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques Open

Courtney Woolsey, Alyssa C. Fears, Viktoriya Borisevich, Krystle N. Agans, Natalie S. Dobias , et al. · 2022

Due to its high mortality rate and continued re-emergence, Ebolavirus disease (EVD) continues to pose a serious threat to global health. A group of viruses within the genus Ebolavirus causes this severe hemorrhagic disease in humans…

Natural history of nonhuman primates after conjunctival exposure to Ebola virus Open

Robert W. Cross, Abhishek N. Prasad, Courtney Woolsey, Krystle N. Agans, Viktoriya Borisevich , et al. · 2021

Summary Transmission of Ebola virus (EBOV) primarily occurs via contact exposure of mucosal surfaces with infected body fluids. Historically, nonhuman primate (NHP) challenge studies have employed intramuscular or small particle aerosol ex…

Rapid and Durable Protection Against Marburg Virus with a Single-Shot ChAd3-MARV GP Vaccine Open

Ruth Hunegnaw, Anna N. Honko, Lingshu Wang, Derick Carr, Tamar Murray , et al. · 2021

Marburg virus (MARV) causes a severe hemorrhagic fever disease in primates with mortality rates in humans up to 90%. Since 2018, MARV has been identified as a priority pathogen by the WHO, needing urgent research and development of counter…

Pan-ebolavirus protective therapy by two multifunctional human antibodies Open

Pavlo Gilchuk, Charles D. Murin, Robert W. Cross, Philipp A. Ilinykh, Kai Huang , et al. · 2021

Recombinant Protein Filovirus Vaccines Protect Cynomolgus Macaques From Ebola, Sudan, and Marburg Viruses Open

Axel T. Lehrer, Eleanore Chuang, Madhuri Namekar, Caitlin A. Williams, Teri Ann S. Wong , et al. · 2021

Ebola (EBOV), Marburg (MARV) and Sudan (SUDV) viruses are the three filoviruses which have caused the most fatalities in humans. Transmission from animals into the human population typically causes outbreaks of limited scale in endemic reg…

Ebola vaccine–induced protection in nonhuman primates correlates with antibody specificity and Fc-mediated effects Open

Michelle Meyer, Bronwyn M. Gunn, Delphine C. Malherbe, Karthik Gangavarapu, Asuka Yoshida , et al. · 2021

Fc effector functions and antibody specificity, rather than IgG or neutralizing titers, may serve as protective correlates for Ebola vaccines.

Protective pan-ebolavirus combination therapy by two multifunctional human antibodies Open

Pavlo Gilchuk, Charles D. Murin, Robert W. Cross, Philipp A. Ilinykh, Kai Huang , et al. · 2021

Ebolaviruses cause a severe and often fatal illness with the potential for global spread. Monoclonal antibody-based treatments that have become available recently have a narrow therapeutic spectrum and are ineffective against ebolaviruses …

Combination therapy protects macaques against advanced Marburg virus disease Open

Robert W. Cross, Zachary A. Bornholdt, Abhishek N. Prasad, Viktoriya Borisevich, Krystle N. Agans , et al. · 2021

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and remdesivir, a small-molecule antiviral, are promising monotherapies for many viruses, including members of the genera Marburgvirus and Ebolavirus (family Filoviridae ), and more recently, SARS-CoV-2. One of…

Therapy for Argentine hemorrhagic fever in nonhuman primates with a humanized monoclonal antibody Open

Larry Zeitlin, Robert W. Cross, Joan B. Geisbert, Viktoriya Borisevich, Krystle N. Agans , et al. · 2021

Significance Despite the relatively high disease burden of arenaviruses in South America and Africa, there are currently no Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs for use in preventing or treating any arenavirus infection. Currently, …

Use of convalescent serum reduces severity of COVID-19 in nonhuman primates Open

Robert W. Cross, Abhishek N. Prasad, Viktoriya Borisevich, Courtney Woolsey, Krystle N. Agans , et al. · 2021

Asymmetric and Non-Stoichiometric Recognition Results in Broad Protection Against Ebolaviruses by a Two-Antibody Cocktail Open

Jacob C. Milligan, Carl W. Davis, Saphire Lab Xiaoying Yu, Philipp A. Ilinykh, Kai Huang , et al. · 2021

Establishment of an African green monkey model for COVID-19 and protection against re-infection Open

Courtney Woolsey, Viktoriya Borisevich, Abhishek N. Prasad, Krystle N. Agans, Daniel J. Deer , et al. · 2020

Use of convalescent serum reduces severity of COVID-19 in nonhuman primates Open

Robert W. Cross, Abhishek N. Prasad, Viktoriya Borisevich, Courtney Woolsey, Krystle N. Agans , et al. · 2020

Passive transfer of convalescent plasma or serum is a time-honored strategy for treating infectious diseases. Human convalescent plasma containing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is currently being used to treat COVID-19 patients. However, m…

Intranasal exposure of African green monkeys to SARS-CoV-2 results in acute phase pneumonia with shedding and lung injury still present in the early convalescence phase Open

Robert W. Cross, Krystle N. Agans, Abhishek N. Prasad, Viktoriya Borisevich, Courtney Woolsey , et al. · 2020

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