Joel E. Cohen
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View article: Kinetic control of mammalian transcription elongation
Kinetic control of mammalian transcription elongation Open
Transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is an integral step in eukaryotic gene expression. The speed of Pol II is controlled by a multitude of elongation factors, but the exact regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely under…
View article: Generalized Taylor's Law for Dependent and Heterogeneous Heavy-Tailed Data
Generalized Taylor's Law for Dependent and Heterogeneous Heavy-Tailed Data Open
Taylor's law, also known as fluctuation scaling in physics and the power-law variance function in statistics, is an empirical pattern widely observed across fields including ecology, physics, finance, and epidemiology. It states that the v…
View article: Conjectures about Primes and Cyclic Numbers
Conjectures about Primes and Cyclic Numbers Open
A positive integer $n$ is defined to be cyclic if and only if every group of size $n$ is cyclic. Equivalently, $n$ is cyclic if and only if $n$ is relatively prime to the number of positive integers less than $n$ that are relatively prime …
View article: Kinetic control of mammalian transcription elongation
Kinetic control of mammalian transcription elongation Open
Transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II is an integral step in eukaryotic gene expression. The speed of Pol II is controlled by a multitude of elongation factors, but the regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely understood, especial…
View article: Gaps of size 2, 4, and (conditionally) 6 between successive odd composite numbers occur infinitely often
Gaps of size 2, 4, and (conditionally) 6 between successive odd composite numbers occur infinitely often Open
The infinite sequence of gaps (first differences) between successive odd composite numbers contains only the numbers 2, 4, and 6. We prove that, for any natural number k, the sequence of gaps contains infinitely many k-tuplets of consecuti…
View article: Nanomechanics of wild-type and mutant dimers of the inner-ear tip-link protein protocadherin 15
Nanomechanics of wild-type and mutant dimers of the inner-ear tip-link protein protocadherin 15 Open
Mechanical force controls the opening and closing of mechanosensitive ion channels atop the hair bundles of the inner ear. The filamentous tip link connecting transduction channels to the tallest neighboring stereocilium modulates the forc…
View article: Gaps Between Consecutive Primes and the Exponential Distribution
Gaps Between Consecutive Primes and the Exponential Distribution Open
Based on the primes less than $4 \times 10^{18}$, Oliveira e Silva et al. (2014) conjectured an asymptotic formula for the sum of the $k$th power of the gaps between consecutive primes less than a large number $x$. We show that the conject…
View article: Quantifying how much host, pathogen, and other factors affect human protective adaptive immune responses
Quantifying how much host, pathogen, and other factors affect human protective adaptive immune responses Open
Recognizing the “essential” factors that contribute to a clinical outcome is critical for designing appropriate therapies and prioritizing limited medical resources. Demonstrating a high correlation between a factor and an outcome does not…
View article: Nanomechanics of wild-type and mutant dimers of the tip-link protein protocadherin 15
Nanomechanics of wild-type and mutant dimers of the tip-link protein protocadherin 15 Open
Mechanical force controls the opening and closing of mechanosensitive ion channels atop the hair bundles of the inner ear. The filamentous tip link connecting transduction channels to the tallest neighboring stereocilium modulates the forc…
View article: Generalizations of Bertrand's Postulate to Sums of Any Number of Primes
Generalizations of Bertrand's Postulate to Sums of Any Number of Primes Open
In 1845, Bertrand conjectured that twice any prime strictly exceeds the next prime. Tchebichef proved Bertrand's postulate in 1850. In 1934, Ishikawa proved a stronger result: the sum of any two consecutive primes strictly exceeds the next…
View article: An Open-Label Study Evaluating the Periorbital Skin Rejuvenation Efficacy of a Cosmeceutical Containing Methyl Estradiolpropanoate (MEP) in Women With Estrogen Deficient Skin (EDS)
An Open-Label Study Evaluating the Periorbital Skin Rejuvenation Efficacy of a Cosmeceutical Containing Methyl Estradiolpropanoate (MEP) in Women With Estrogen Deficient Skin (EDS) Open
In an open label study of 31 female subjects who had been amenorrheic for at least one year, topical application of Emepelle Eye Cream for periorbital skin rejuvenation was effective and well-tolerated. J Drugs Dermatol. 2022;21(11):1185-1…
View article: COVID-19 cases and deaths in the United States follow Taylor’s law for heavy-tailed distributions with infinite variance
COVID-19 cases and deaths in the United States follow Taylor’s law for heavy-tailed distributions with infinite variance Open
The spatial and temporal patterns of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases and COVID-19 deaths in the United States are poorly understood. We show that variations in the cumulative reported cases and deaths by …
View article: Taylor's Law for some infinitely divisible probabbility distributions\n from population models
Taylor's Law for some infinitely divisible probabbility distributions\n from population models Open
In a family of random variables, Taylor's law or Taylor's power law\noffluctuation scaling is a variance function that gives the variance\n$\\sigma^{2}>0$ of a random variable (rv) $X$ with expectation $\\mu >0$ as a\npowerof $\\mu$: $\\si…
View article: Temporal and Spatial Taylor's Law: Application to Japanese Subnational Mortality Rates
Temporal and Spatial Taylor's Law: Application to Japanese Subnational Mortality Rates Open
Taylor's law is a widely observed empirical pattern that relates the variances to the means of population densities. We present four extensions of the classical Taylor's law (TL): (1) a cubic extension of the linear TL describes the mean–v…
View article: Bilateral international migration flow estimates updated and refined by sex
Bilateral international migration flow estimates updated and refined by sex Open
Females and males often migrate at different rates. Official data on sex-specific international migration flows are missing for most countries, prohibiting comparative measures to identify and address inequalities. Here we use six methods …
View article: Successful Dupilumab Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in a Liver Transplant Patient
Successful Dupilumab Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in a Liver Transplant Patient Open
Atopic dermatitis (AD) in liver transplant (LT) recipients is well-documented, despite frequent use of immunosuppressants in these patients. In a liver transplant population, the prevalence of AD in children and adults is 27.6% and 10.3%, …
View article: Cauchy, normal and correlations versus heavy tails
Cauchy, normal and correlations versus heavy tails Open
A surprising result of Pillai and Meng (2016) showed that a transformation $\sum_{j=1}^n w_j X_j/Y_j$ of two iid centered normal random vectors, $(X_1,\ldots, X_n)$ and $(Y_1,\ldots, Y_n)$, $n>1$, for any weights $0\leq w_j\leq 1$, $ j=1,\…
View article: Taylor’s law of fluctuation scaling for semivariances and higher moments of heavy-tailed data
Taylor’s law of fluctuation scaling for semivariances and higher moments of heavy-tailed data Open
Significance Many quantities are extremely large extremely rarely. Examples include income, wealth, financial returns, insurance losses, firm size, and city population size; earthquake magnitude, hurricane energy, tornado outbreaks, precip…
View article: Invasive axis deer and wild boar in a protected area in Argentina, controlled hunting, and Taylor’s law
Invasive axis deer and wild boar in a protected area in Argentina, controlled hunting, and Taylor’s law Open
Context Spatial and temporal variability in population density tends to increase with an increasing mean density, as widely documented by Taylor’s law (TL) of fluctuation scaling. A management program based on local hunters has been used t…
View article: Measuring the concentration of urban population in the negative exponential model using the Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, Hoover dissimilarity index, and relative entropy
Measuring the concentration of urban population in the negative exponential model using the Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, Hoover dissimilarity index, and relative entropy Open
Background: Stewart (1947) and Clark (1951) proposed that urban population density is a negative exponential function of the distance from a city's center. This model of the spatial distribution of urban population density has been influen…
View article: Spatial and temporal autocorrelations affect Taylor's law for US county populations: Descriptive and predictive models
Spatial and temporal autocorrelations affect Taylor's law for US county populations: Descriptive and predictive models Open
Understanding the spatial and temporal distributions and fluctuations of living populations is a central goal in ecology and demography. A scaling pattern called Taylor's law has been used to quantify the distributions of populations. Tayl…
View article: Bilateral international migration flow estimates for 200 countries (1990-1995 to 2015-2020)
Bilateral international migration flow estimates for 200 countries (1990-1995 to 2015-2020) Open
Version DetailsUpdate of estimates of international migration flows from Abel & Cohen (2019) based on newly published International Migrant Stock (IMS2020) data inputs by the United Nations and the most recent WPP (WPP2019). Also includes …
View article: Biodiversity in the Classroom; Incorporating the Teaching of Charles Darwin and Female Naturalists Developmentally
Biodiversity in the Classroom; Incorporating the Teaching of Charles Darwin and Female Naturalists Developmentally Open
Enriching our scientific understanding of the biological world has been a major contribution of naturalists. However, while contributions from individuals such as Charles Darwin are both well-known and taught, those of female naturalists r…
View article: Biodiversity in the Classroom; Incorporating the Teaching of Charles Darwin and Female Naturalists Developmentally
Biodiversity in the Classroom; Incorporating the Teaching of Charles Darwin and Female Naturalists Developmentally Open
Enriching our scientific understanding of the biological world has been a major contribution of naturalists. However, while contributions from individuals such as Charles Darwin are both well-known and taught, those of female naturalists r…
View article: Heavy-tailed distributions, correlations, kurtosis and Taylor’s Law of fluctuation scaling
Heavy-tailed distributions, correlations, kurtosis and Taylor’s Law of fluctuation scaling Open
Pillai & Meng (Pillai & Meng 2016 Ann. Stat. 44 , 2089–2097; p. 2091) speculated that ‘the dependence among [random variables, rvs] can be overwhelmed by the heaviness of their marginal tails ·· ·’. We give examples of statistical models t…
View article: Yeast facilitates the multiplication of Drosophila bacterial symbionts but has no effect on the form or parameters of Taylor’s law
Yeast facilitates the multiplication of Drosophila bacterial symbionts but has no effect on the form or parameters of Taylor’s law Open
Interactions between microbial symbionts influence their demography and that of their hosts. Taylor’s power law (TL)–a well-established relationship between population size mean and variance across space and time–may help to unveil the fac…
View article: Population, population, and population
Population, population, and population Open
Pianka, Eric R. and Laurie J. Vitt. 2019. Our One and Only Spaceship: Denial, Delusion, and the Population Crisis. Self-published, no place given. 237 pages. ISBN 978-1-7330305-0-2. According to their note about themselves, “Eric R. Pianka…