John Cairns
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View article: Cost-benefit analysis of interventions to protect care home residents in England against heat risks
Cost-benefit analysis of interventions to protect care home residents in England against heat risks Open
We examine the cost-benefit of selected physical and behavioural interventions to reduce indoor temperatures and associated health risks in UK care homes during periods of hot weather typical of the projected future climate. Cases of heat-…
View article: Long-term quality of life and quality adjusted life years after breast cancer: Impact of detection mode, tumor characteristics and treatment
Long-term quality of life and quality adjusted life years after breast cancer: Impact of detection mode, tumor characteristics and treatment Open
More favorable long-term quality of life outcomes were shown for women diagnosed with breast cancer by organized mammographic screening compared to women diagnosed due to symptoms.
View article: An Assessment of the Maturity of Cancer Survival Data Used in Economic Models for the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence’s Single Technology Appraisals
An Assessment of the Maturity of Cancer Survival Data Used in Economic Models for the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence’s Single Technology Appraisals Open
The trend toward more NICE single technology appraisals of cancer drugs relying on immature survival data are consistent with moves by regulatory agencies to encourage expedited approvals for innovative therapies. For Health Technology Ass…
View article: Evidence quality and uncertainties considered in appraisal documents of drugs for rare diseases in England and Germany: a data extraction protocol
Evidence quality and uncertainties considered in appraisal documents of drugs for rare diseases in England and Germany: a data extraction protocol Open
Introduction Rare disease treatments (RDTs) promise considerable patient benefit but the evidence to demonstrate their value in health technology assessment (HTA) is often limited. HTA outcomes for RDTs vary across countries and there are …
View article: PP27 Evidence Quality and HTA outcomes in Reappraisals For Drugs For Rare Diseases In Germany
PP27 Evidence Quality and HTA outcomes in Reappraisals For Drugs For Rare Diseases In Germany Open
Introduction Evidence on re-appraisals of health technologies in Germany is limited, and for rare disease treatments (RDTs) the Federal Joint Committee (GBA) uses different processes depending on whether the annual revenue threshold has be…
View article: Analysis of factors associated with use of real-world data in single technology appraisals of cancer drugs by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
Analysis of factors associated with use of real-world data in single technology appraisals of cancer drugs by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Open
RWD were more likely to be used in economic modelling of cancer drugs when randomised controlled trials failed to provide relevant clinical information of the drug for appraisals, particularly in the absence of direct treatment comparisons…
View article: Modeling First-Line Daratumumab Use for Newly Diagnosed, Transplant-Ineligible, Multiple Myeloma: A Cost-Effectiveness and Risk Analysis for Healthcare Payers
Modeling First-Line Daratumumab Use for Newly Diagnosed, Transplant-Ineligible, Multiple Myeloma: A Cost-Effectiveness and Risk Analysis for Healthcare Payers Open
In conclusion, this study finds that daratumumab as a first-line treatment for myeloma exceeds the cost-effectiveness threshold considered in this evaluation. An upfront price reduction is the recommended strategy to manage uncertainties a…
View article: Cross-sectional analysis of use of real-world data in single technology appraisals of oncological medicine by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in 2011–2021
Cross-sectional analysis of use of real-world data in single technology appraisals of oncological medicine by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in 2011–2021 Open
Objectives This study aims to identify how real-world data (RWD) have been used in single technology appraisals (STAs) of cancer drugs by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Design Cross-sectional study of NICE te…
View article: Exploring patient and clinician perspectives on the benefits and risks of emerging therapies for the treatment of haemophilia: a qualitative study
Exploring patient and clinician perspectives on the benefits and risks of emerging therapies for the treatment of haemophilia: a qualitative study Open
Background Enhanced horizon scanning for emerging treatments has identified that both haemophilia A and haemophilia B pathways will be enriched with a range of new medicines with varying benefit-risk profiles. Patient and clinician views o…
View article: Using automated text classification to explore uncertainty in NICE appraisals for drugs for rare diseases
Using automated text classification to explore uncertainty in NICE appraisals for drugs for rare diseases Open
Objective This study examined the application, feasibility, and validity of supervised learning models for text classification in appraisals for rare disease treatments (RDTs) in relation to uncertainty, and analyzed differences between ap…
View article: Cost-benefit assessment of health benefits of local climate action: scoping review
Cost-benefit assessment of health benefits of local climate action: scoping review Open
Background Local climate strategies are often linked to current priorities for transport, housing and planning but the health benefits of these strategies are often neglected in decision making. Economic information on the health benefits …
View article: The Evolving Nature of Health Technology Assessment: A Critical Appraisal of NICE’s New Methods Manual
The Evolving Nature of Health Technology Assessment: A Critical Appraisal of NICE’s New Methods Manual Open
Most of the changes to NICE's health technology assessment methods are appropriate and modest in impact. Nevertheless, some decisions were not well justified and further research is needed on several topics, including investigation of soci…
View article: Review of economic modeling evidence from NICE appraisals of rare disease treatments for spinal muscular atrophy
Review of economic modeling evidence from NICE appraisals of rare disease treatments for spinal muscular atrophy Open
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in England has appraised three treatments for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), namely, nusinersen, onasemnogene abeparvovec, and risdiplam. As rare disease treatments (RDTs) common…
View article: A Comparison of Ordered Categorical versus Discrete Choices within a Stated Preference Survey of Whole-Blood Donors
A Comparison of Ordered Categorical versus Discrete Choices within a Stated Preference Survey of Whole-Blood Donors Open
There are different stated preference (SP) approaches, including discrete choice experiments (DCEs). DCEs are a popular SP approach, but in some settings, alternative ways of framing survey questions may be more appropriate. The Health Eco…
View article: Exploring uncertainty and use of real-world data in the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence single technology appraisals of targeted cancer therapy
Exploring uncertainty and use of real-world data in the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence single technology appraisals of targeted cancer therapy Open
Objectives Dealing with uncertainty is one of the critical topics in health technology assessment. The greater decision uncertainty in appraisals, the less clear the clinical- and cost-effectiveness of the health technology. Although the d…
View article: Protocol for data extraction: how real-world data have been used in the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence appraisals of cancer therapy
Protocol for data extraction: how real-world data have been used in the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence appraisals of cancer therapy Open
Introduction Due to the limitations of relying on randomised controlled trials, the potential benefits of real-world data (RWD) in enriching evidence for health technology assessment (HTA) are highlighted. Despite increased interest in RWD…
View article: Discrete choice experiments: An overview of experience to date in haemophilia
Discrete choice experiments: An overview of experience to date in haemophilia Open
Background The patient voice is an important consideration in the availability and choice of pharmaceuticals – however, how to capture this complex area and apply it formally within regulation, health technology assessment and reimbursemen…
View article: Assessing the Cost-Effectiveness of Molecular Targeted Therapies and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Assessing the Cost-Effectiveness of Molecular Targeted Therapies and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Open
Molecular targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors have in recent years been transforming the care of many cancer patients. This chapter compares twenty-one appraisals of molecular targeted therapies in non-small-cell lung cance…
View article: Can patients improve the quality of care they receive? Experimental evidence from Senegal
Can patients improve the quality of care they receive? Experimental evidence from Senegal Open
Providers in many low and middle-income countries (LMICs) often fail to correctly diagnose and treat their patients, even though they have the clinical knowledge to do so. Against the backdrop of many failed attempts to increase provider e…