John A. Cramer
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View article: How Much Lightning Actually Strikes the United States?
How Much Lightning Actually Strikes the United States? Open
The number of cloud-to-ground (CG) flashes over the contiguous United States (CONUS) has been estimated to be from as small as 25 million per year to as many as 40 million. In addition, many CG flashes contact the ground in more than one p…
View article: Lightning threats in Nepal: occurrence and human impacts
Lightning threats in Nepal: occurrence and human impacts Open
Nepal has a very large topographical variation; this elevation change has a major influence on lightning occurrence and human casualties. The Himalayan peaks cover the northern part of Nepal with low population density, the middle is cover…
View article: Recent History of Upgrades to the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network
Recent History of Upgrades to the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network Open
The U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) underwent a complete sensor upgrade in 2013 followed by a central processor upgrade in 2015. These upgrades produced about a factor-of-5 improvement in the detection efficiency of cloud …