John C. Kash
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View article: Nasal and systemic immune responses correlate with viral shedding after influenza challenge in people with complex preexisting immunity
Nasal and systemic immune responses correlate with viral shedding after influenza challenge in people with complex preexisting immunity Open
Each year in the United States, ~50% of adults ≥18 years old are vaccinated against influenza viruses, with protective efficacy averaging 40.5% over the past 20 years. To model annual seasonal influenza, a cohort of 74 adults, who were uns…
Spatiotemporal profile of an optimal host response to virus infection in the primate central nervous system Open
Viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are a major cause of morbidity largely due to lack of prevention and inadequate treatments. While mortality from viral CNS infections is significant, nearly two thirds of the patients su…
View article: Mucosal correlates of protection after influenza viral challenge of vaccinated and unvaccinated healthy volunteers
Mucosal correlates of protection after influenza viral challenge of vaccinated and unvaccinated healthy volunteers Open
The devastating potential of influenza has been well known for over 100 years. Despite the development of vaccines since the middle of the 20th century, influenza continues to be responsible for substantial global morbidity and mortality. …
View article: Mucosal Correlates of Protection after Influenza Viral Challenge of Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Healthy Volunteers
Mucosal Correlates of Protection after Influenza Viral Challenge of Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Healthy Volunteers Open
Induction of systemic antibody titers against hemagglutinin has long been the main focus of influenza vaccination strategies, but mucosal immunity has also been shown to play a key role in protection against respiratory viruses. By vaccina…
View article: 505. Mucosal and Systemic Humoral Immunity Differences between Sexes during Influenza Vaccination and Viral Challenge
505. Mucosal and Systemic Humoral Immunity Differences between Sexes during Influenza Vaccination and Viral Challenge Open
Background In previous influenza challenge studies we observed that the incidence of influenza symptoms was higher in women than in men, and that women experience more symptoms overall. Women also demonstrated lower neuraminidase (NA) inhi…
View article: An inactivated multivalent influenza A virus vaccine is broadly protective in mice and ferrets
An inactivated multivalent influenza A virus vaccine is broadly protective in mice and ferrets Open
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) present major public health threats from annual seasonal epidemics and pandemics and from viruses adapted to a variety of animals including poultry, pigs, and horses. Vaccines that broadly protect against all suc…
View article: Lung epithelial and endothelial damage, loss of tissue repair, inhibition of fibrinolysis, and cellular senescence in fatal COVID-19
Lung epithelial and endothelial damage, loss of tissue repair, inhibition of fibrinolysis, and cellular senescence in fatal COVID-19 Open
Lung epithelial and endothelial cell damage and defective lung tissue repair contribute to fatal COVID-19.
View article: An inactivated multivalent influenza A virus vaccine is broadly protective in mice and ferrets
An inactivated multivalent influenza A virus vaccine is broadly protective in mice and ferrets Open
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) present major public health threats from annual seasonal epidemics, from pandemics caused by novel virus subtypes, and from viruses adapted to a variety of animals including poultry, pigs and horses. Vaccines tha…
View article: Sex Differences in Influenza: The Challenge Study Experience
Sex Differences in Influenza: The Challenge Study Experience Open
Background Preclinical animal studies and retrospective human studies suggest that adult females have worse outcomes from influenza than males. Prospective studies in humans are missing. Methods Data from 164 healthy volunteers who underwe…
Virus infection of the CNS disrupts the immune-neural-synaptic axis via induction of pleiotropic gene regulation of host responses Open
Treatment for many viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) remains only supportive. Here we address a remaining gap in our knowledge regarding how the CNS and immune systems interact during viral infection. By examining the re…
Author response: Virus infection of the CNS disrupts the immune-neural-synaptic axis via induction of pleiotropic gene regulation of host responses Open
Article Figures and data Abstract Introduction Results Discussion Materials and methods Data availability References Decision letter Author response Article and author information Metrics Abstract Treatment for many viral infections of the…
View article: Establishment of a Pig Influenza Challenge Model for Evaluation of Monoclonal Antibody Delivery Platforms
Establishment of a Pig Influenza Challenge Model for Evaluation of Monoclonal Antibody Delivery Platforms Open
mAbs are a possible adjunct to vaccination and drugs in treatment of influenza virus infection. However, questions remain whether small animal models accurately predict efficacy in humans. We have established the pig, a large natural host …
Establishment of a pig influenza challenge model for evaluation of monoclonal antibody delivery platforms Open
Monoclonal antibodies are a possible adjunct to vaccination and drugs in treatment of influenza virus infection. However questions remain whether small animal models accurately predict efficacy in humans. We have established the pig, a lar…
View article: The 1918 influenza pandemic: 100 years of questions answered and unanswered
The 1918 influenza pandemic: 100 years of questions answered and unanswered Open
This Review summarizes key findings about the “Spanish” influenza pandemic and addresses implications for current pandemic response and control, including vaccination optimization.
Differential Effects of Influenza Virus NA, HA Head, and HA Stalk Antibodies on Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Gene Expression during Human Infection Open
Influenza A viruses are significant human pathogens that caused 83,000 deaths in the United States during 2017 to 2018, and there is need to understand the molecular correlates of illness and to identify prognostic markers of viral infecti…
Influenza A Reinfection in Sequential Human Challenge: Implications for Protective Immunity and “Universal” Vaccine Development Open
Background Identification of correlates of protection against human influenza A virus infection is important in development of broadly protective (“universal”) influenza vaccines. Certain assumptions underlie current vaccine developmental …
Deep Sequencing of H7N9 Influenza A Viruses from 16 Infected Patients from 2013 to 2015 in Shanghai Reveals Genetic Diversity and Antigenic Drift Open
H7N9 subtype avian influenza viruses caused infections in over 1,400 humans from 2013 to 2017 and resulted in almost 600 deaths. It is important to understand how avian influenza viruses infect and cause disease in humans and to assess the…
View article: Differential Ability of Pandemic and Seasonal H1N1 Influenza A Viruses To Alter the Function of Human Neutrophils
Differential Ability of Pandemic and Seasonal H1N1 Influenza A Viruses To Alter the Function of Human Neutrophils Open
A long-standing notion is that IAV inhibits normal neutrophil function and thereby predisposes individuals to secondary bacterial infections. Here we report that seasonal H1N1 IAV primes human neutrophils for enhanced killing of Staphyloco…
Longitudinal peripheral blood transcriptional analysis of a patient with severe Ebola virus disease Open
Transcriptomic analysis of leukocytes from a severe Ebola virus disease patient revealed transitions driven by viral clearance, coagulopathy, and multiorgan dysfunction.
View article: Influenza A and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus co-infection in rhesus macaques – A model of severe pneumonia
Influenza A and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus co-infection in rhesus macaques – A model of severe pneumonia Open
This was the first nonhuman primate study of influenza and bacterial co-infection where high-resolution computed tomography scanning of the lungs was used to quantitatively assess pneumonia over the course of illness and where hypoxemia wa…