John P. Carr
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View article: The Complex Interactions of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with Viruses, Vectors and Beneficial Organisms in the Context of Sub-Saharan Africa
The Complex Interactions of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with Viruses, Vectors and Beneficial Organisms in the Context of Sub-Saharan Africa Open
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), the world’s most widely grown legume crop, is not only of great commercial importance but is also a vital smallholder crop in low-to-medium-income countries. In sub-Saharan Africa common bean provides c…
View article: Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses from the Plant Viruses Subcommittee, 2025
Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses from the Plant Viruses Subcommittee, 2025 Open
In March 2025, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote, newly proposed taxa were added to those under the mandate of the Plant Viruses Subcommittee. In brief, 1 new order, 3 new families…
View article: ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Bromoviridae 2025
ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Bromoviridae 2025 Open
Bromoviridae is a family of plant viruses with tripartite, positive-sense RNA genomes of about 8 kb in total. Genomic RNAs are packaged in separate virions that may also contain sub-genomic, defective or satellite RNAs. Virions are variabl…
View article: Strain-specific differences in the interactions of the cucumber mosaic virus 2b protein with the viral 1a and host Argonaute 1 proteins
Strain-specific differences in the interactions of the cucumber mosaic virus 2b protein with the viral 1a and host Argonaute 1 proteins Open
The cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 2b protein is a potent counter-defense factor and symptom determinant that inhibits antiviral silencing by titrating short double-stranded RNAs. Expression of the CMV subgroup IA strain Fny-CMV 2b protein in…
View article: Engineered Resistance to Tobamoviruses
Engineered Resistance to Tobamoviruses Open
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was the first virus to be studied in detail and, for many years, TMV and other tobamoviruses, particularly tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and tobamoviruses infecting pepper (Capsicum spp.), were serious crop pathogen…
View article: A novel ilarvirus protein CP-RT is expressed via stop codon readthrough and suppresses RDR6-dependent RNA silencing
A novel ilarvirus protein CP-RT is expressed via stop codon readthrough and suppresses RDR6-dependent RNA silencing Open
Ilarviruses are a relatively understudied but important group of plant RNA viruses that includes a number of crop pathogens. Their genomes comprise three RNA segments encoding two replicase subunits, movement protein, coat protein (CP), an…
View article: Engineered Resistance to Tobamoviruses
Engineered Resistance to Tobamoviruses Open
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was the first virus to be studied in detail and for many years TMV and other tobamoviruses, particularly tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and tobamoviruses infecting pepper (Capsicum spp.), were serious crop pathogens.…
View article: Investigating the Interactions of the Cucumber Mosaic Virus 2b Protein with the Viral 1a Replicase Component and the Cellular RNA Silencing Factor Argonaute 1
Investigating the Interactions of the Cucumber Mosaic Virus 2b Protein with the Viral 1a Replicase Component and the Cellular RNA Silencing Factor Argonaute 1 Open
The cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 2b protein is a suppressor of plant defenses and a pathogenicity determinant. Amongst the 2b protein’s host targets is the RNA silencing factor Argonaute 1 (AGO1), which it binds to and inhibits. In Arabidop…
View article: Reduction in vertical transmission rate of Bean common mosaic virus in bee-pollinated common bean plants
Reduction in vertical transmission rate of Bean common mosaic virus in bee-pollinated common bean plants Open
Vertical transmission, the transfer of pathogens across generations, is a critical mechanism for the persistence of plant viruses. The transmission mechanisms are diverse, involving direct invasion through the suspensor and virus entry int…
View article: Investigating the Interactions of the Cucumber Mosaic Virus 2b Protein with the Viral 1a Replicase Component and the Cellular RNA Silencing Factor Argonaute 1
Investigating the Interactions of the Cucumber Mosaic Virus 2b Protein with the Viral 1a Replicase Component and the Cellular RNA Silencing Factor Argonaute 1 Open
The cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 2b protein is a suppressor of plant defenses and a pathogenicity determinant. Amongst the 2b protein’s host targets is the RNA silencing factor Argonaute 1 (AGO1), which it binds to and inhibits. In Ar…
View article: Investigating the interactions of the cucumber mosaic virus 2b protein with the viral 1a replicase component and the cellular RNA silencing factor Argonaute 1
Investigating the interactions of the cucumber mosaic virus 2b protein with the viral 1a replicase component and the cellular RNA silencing factor Argonaute 1 Open
SUMMARY The cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 2b protein is a suppressor of plant defenses and a pathogenicity determinant. Amongst the 2b protein’s host targets is the RNA silencing factor Argonaute 1 (AGO1), which it binds to and inhibits. In …
View article: A novel ilarvirus protein CP-RT is expressed via stop codon readthrough and suppresses RDR6-dependent RNA silencing
A novel ilarvirus protein CP-RT is expressed via stop codon readthrough and suppresses RDR6-dependent RNA silencing Open
Ilarviruses are a relatively understudied but important group of plant RNA viruses that includes a number of crop pathogens. Their genomes comprise three RNA segments encoding two replicase subunits, movement protein, coat protein (CP), an…
View article: Strain-specific differences in the interactions of the cucumber mosaic virus 2b protein with the viral 1a and host Argonaute 1 proteins
Strain-specific differences in the interactions of the cucumber mosaic virus 2b protein with the viral 1a and host Argonaute 1 proteins Open
/Summary The cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 2b protein is a potent counter-defense protein and symptom determinant that inhibits antiviral silencing by titration of short double-stranded RNAs. Expression of the 2b protein from the CMV Subgrou…
View article: Salmonella injectisome penetration of macrophages triggers rapid translation of transcription factors and protection against cell death
Salmonella injectisome penetration of macrophages triggers rapid translation of transcription factors and protection against cell death Open
During bacterial infection both the host cell and its invader must divert intracellular resources to synthesise specific proteins in a timely manner. For the host, these factors may be needed for innate immune responses, including programm…
View article: Identification and Characterisation of Phaseolus vulgaris endornavirus 1, 2 and 3 in Common Bean Cultivars of East Africa
Identification and Characterisation of Phaseolus vulgaris endornavirus 1, 2 and 3 in Common Bean Cultivars of East Africa Open
Persistent viruses include members of the family Endornavirus that cause no apparent disease and are transmitted exclusively via seed or pollen. It is speculated that these RNA viruses may be mutualists that enhance plant resilience to bio…
View article: Induction of aphid resistance in tobacco by the cucumber mosaic virus CMV∆2b mutant is jasmonate‐dependent
Induction of aphid resistance in tobacco by the cucumber mosaic virus CMV∆2b mutant is jasmonate‐dependent Open
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is vectored by aphids, including Myzus persicae . Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum ‘Xanthi’) plants infected with a mutant of the Fny strain of CMV (Fny‐CMVΔ2b, which cannot express the CMV 2b protein) exhibit strong…
View article: Differential effects of weather, plant phenology and predators on the seasonal variation of aphids on cabbage
Differential effects of weather, plant phenology and predators on the seasonal variation of aphids on cabbage Open
The aphids Lipaphis erysimi pseudobrassicae (Davis) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) pose serious threats to the production of cruciferous crops in the tropics. Understanding their population dynamics is important for developing integrated pest…
View article: Differential effects of weather, plant phenology and predators on the seasonal variation of aphids on cabbage
Differential effects of weather, plant phenology and predators on the seasonal variation of aphids on cabbage Open
Raw field data of aphids and predator (Syrphid, spiders, and coccinellids) densities on cabbage, and weather data in two agroecological zones of Ghana, collected over two years for five cropping seasons. Data was collected on field-grown c…
View article: Differential effects of weather, plant phenology and predators on the seasonal variation of aphids on cabbage
Differential effects of weather, plant phenology and predators on the seasonal variation of aphids on cabbage Open
Raw field data of aphids and predator (Syrphid, spiders, and coccinellids) densities on cabbage, and weather data in two agroecological zones of Ghana, collected over two years for five cropping seasons. Data was collected on field-grown c…
View article: The Effects of Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Its 2a and 2b Proteins on Interactions of Tomato Plants with the Aphid Vectors Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae
The Effects of Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Its 2a and 2b Proteins on Interactions of Tomato Plants with the Aphid Vectors Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae Open
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), a major tomato pathogen, is aphid-vectored in the non-persistent manner. We investigated if CMV-induced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or other virus-induced cues alter aphid–tomato interactions. Y-tube olfa…
View article: An Innate Preference of Bumblebees for Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Phaseolus vulgaris Plants Infected With Three Different Viruses
An Innate Preference of Bumblebees for Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Phaseolus vulgaris Plants Infected With Three Different Viruses Open
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-infected tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) attractive to bumblebees ( Bombus terrestris L.), which are important tomato pollinators, but which do not transmit CMV. W…
View article: Infection of <i>Arabidopsis</i> by cucumber mosaic virus triggers jasmonate‐dependent resistance to aphids that relies partly on the pattern‐triggered immunity factor BAK1
Infection of <i>Arabidopsis</i> by cucumber mosaic virus triggers jasmonate‐dependent resistance to aphids that relies partly on the pattern‐triggered immunity factor BAK1 Open
Many aphid‐vectored viruses are transmitted nonpersistently via transient attachment of virus particles to aphid mouthparts and are most effectively acquired or transmitted during brief stylet punctures of epidermal cells. In Arabidopsis t…
View article: Three Aphid-Transmitted Viruses Encourage Vector Migration From Infected Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Plants Through a Combination of Volatile and Surface Cues
Three Aphid-Transmitted Viruses Encourage Vector Migration From Infected Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Plants Through a Combination of Volatile and Surface Cues Open
Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV), and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) are important pathogens of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ), a crop vital for food security in sub-Saharan Africa. These viruses …
View article: The cucumber mosaic virus 1a protein regulates interactions between the 2b protein and ARGONAUTE 1 while maintaining the silencing suppressor activity of the 2b protein
The cucumber mosaic virus 1a protein regulates interactions between the 2b protein and ARGONAUTE 1 while maintaining the silencing suppressor activity of the 2b protein Open
The cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 2b viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) is a potent counter-defense and pathogenicity factor that inhibits antiviral silencing by titration of short double-stranded RNAs. It also disrupts microRNA-mediate…
View article: Viral Perturbation of Alternative Splicing of a Host Transcript Benefits Infection
Viral Perturbation of Alternative Splicing of a Host Transcript Benefits Infection Open
Pathogens disturb alternative splicing patterns of infected eukaryotic hosts. However, in plants it is unknown if this is incidental to infection or represents a pathogen-induced remodeling of host gene expression needed to support infecti…