Johnstone Kumwenda
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View article: Risk-stratified treatment for drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis
Risk-stratified treatment for drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis Open
The Phase 3 randomized controlled trial, TBTC Study 31/ACTG A5349 (NCT02410772) demonstrated that a 4-month rifapentine-moxifloxacin regimen for drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis was safe and effective. The primary efficacy outcome w…
View article: Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance Mutations Detected in Women Prior to Antiretroviral Therapy With Efavirenz + Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate + Lamivudine (or Emtricitabine)
Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance Mutations Detected in Women Prior to Antiretroviral Therapy With Efavirenz + Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate + Lamivudine (or Emtricitabine) Open
Background Two large studies suggest that resistance mutations to only nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) did not increase the risk of virologic failure during antiretroviral therapy (ART) with efavirenz/tenofovir disop…
View article: Delivering effective, comprehensive, multi-exercise component cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for chronic heart failure patients in low resource settings in sub-Saharan Africa: Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital—(QECH-CR) randomised CR study, Malawi
Delivering effective, comprehensive, multi-exercise component cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for chronic heart failure patients in low resource settings in sub-Saharan Africa: Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital—(QECH-CR) randomised CR study, Malawi Open
Background The delivery of Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) and attaining evidence-based treatment goals are challenging in developing countries, such as Malawi. The aims of this study were to (i) assess the effects of exercise training/ CR pro…
View article: Factors associated with reactogenicity to an investigational HIV vaccine regimen in HIV vaccine trials network 702
Factors associated with reactogenicity to an investigational HIV vaccine regimen in HIV vaccine trials network 702 Open
View article: The diagnostic performance of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra on Pericardial, Pleural and Ascitic cohort study fluids for diagnosis of extra-pulmonary Tuberculosis at a referral hospital in Malawi
The diagnostic performance of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra on Pericardial, Pleural and Ascitic cohort study fluids for diagnosis of extra-pulmonary Tuberculosis at a referral hospital in Malawi Open
BackgroundExtra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) accounts for 15% of the 1.4 million patients with TB notified in 2019. EPTB carries a high risk of mortality and so early diagnosis and treatment are important to reduce this risk. Diagnosis of…
View article: Short oral regimens for pulmonary rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (TB-PRACTECAL): an open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 2B-3, multi-arm, multicentre, non-inferiority trial
Short oral regimens for pulmonary rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (TB-PRACTECAL): an open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 2B-3, multi-arm, multicentre, non-inferiority trial Open
Médecins Sans Frontières.
View article: Uptake of diabetic retinopathy screening at a secondary level facility in Malawi
Uptake of diabetic retinopathy screening at a secondary level facility in Malawi Open
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of long-standing diabetes mellitus (DM). DR screening is a cost-effective intervention for preventing blindness from DR. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate t…
View article: Quality of life among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi: A mixed-methods study
Quality of life among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi: A mixed-methods study Open
Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly impacts quality of life (QoL) yet data among these patients in Malawi are lacking. This study was conducted to assess QoL among patients with T2DM. A mixed-method cross-section study was condu…
View article: Mycobacterium tuberculosis disease associates with higher HIV-1-specific antibody responses
Mycobacterium tuberculosis disease associates with higher HIV-1-specific antibody responses Open
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the most common infection among people with HIV (PWH). Mtb disease-associated inflammation could affect HIV-directed immune responses in PWH. We show that HIV antibodies are broader and more poten…
View article: Uptake of diabetic retinopathy screening in Thyolo, Malawi
Uptake of diabetic retinopathy screening in Thyolo, Malawi Open
The data set is of patients that were attending diabetes eye screening clinic at a rural district hospital in Malawi. The variables are as follows i. Age in years ii. Sex :1=Male 0=Female iii. Level of education : Ophthalmology: 1= Primary…
View article: High prevalence of dyslipidaemia among persons with diabetes mellitus and hypertension at a tertiary hospital in Blantyre, Malawi
High prevalence of dyslipidaemia among persons with diabetes mellitus and hypertension at a tertiary hospital in Blantyre, Malawi Open
Background Dyslipidaemia drives the process of atherosclerosis, and hence a significant modifiable risk factor complicating hypertension and diabetes. In Malawi, the prevalence, screening and management of dyslipidaemia among persons with …
View article: <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>disease associates with higher HIV-1-specific antibody responses
<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>disease associates with higher HIV-1-specific antibody responses Open
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) can enhance immune responses against unrelated pathogens. Although Mtb is the most common co-infection in people living with HIV (PWH), there has been no examination of its impact on HIV-1 immune responses.…
View article: High prevalence of dyslipidaemia among persons with diabetes mellitus and hypertension at a tertiary hospital in Blantyre, Malawi
High prevalence of dyslipidaemia among persons with diabetes mellitus and hypertension at a tertiary hospital in Blantyre, Malawi Open
Background Dyslipidaemia drives the process of atherosclerosis, and hence a significant modifiable risk factor complicating hypertension and diabetes. In Malawi, the prevalence, screening and management of dyslipidaemia among persons with …
View article: Isoniazid Adherence Reduces Mortality and Incident Tuberculosis at 96 Weeks Among Adults Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Multiple High-Burden Settings
Isoniazid Adherence Reduces Mortality and Incident Tuberculosis at 96 Weeks Among Adults Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Multiple High-Burden Settings Open
Background People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and advanced immunosuppression initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) remain vulnerable to tuberculosis (TB) and early mortality. To improve early survival, isoniazid preventive th…
View article: Quality of Life Among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi: A Mixed-Method Study
Quality of Life Among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi: A Mixed-Method Study Open
Background Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly impacts quality of life (QoL) yet data on quality of life among these patients in Malawi are lacking. This study was conducted to assess QoL among patients with T2DM. Methods A mixe…
View article: Quality of Life Among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi: a Mixed-method Study
Quality of Life Among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi: a Mixed-method Study Open
Background: Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly impacts the quality of life (QoL) yet data on quality of life among these patients in Malawi are lacking. This study was conducted to assess QoL among patients with T2DM. Methods: …
View article: Integrative Multi-Omics Reveals Serum Markers of Tuberculosis in Advanced HIV
Integrative Multi-Omics Reveals Serum Markers of Tuberculosis in Advanced HIV Open
Tuberculosis (TB) accounts for disproportionate morbidity and mortality among persons living with HIV (PLWH). Conventional methods of TB diagnosis, including smear microscopy and Xpert MTB/RIF, have lower sensitivity in PLWH. Novel high-th…
View article: Urine Lipoarabinomannan Testing in Adults With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus in a Trial of Empiric Tuberculosis Therapy
Urine Lipoarabinomannan Testing in Adults With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus in a Trial of Empiric Tuberculosis Therapy Open
Background The urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen test is a tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic test with highest sensitivity in individuals with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Its role in TB diagnostic algorithms for HIV-positiv…
View article: Mentoring upcoming researchers for non-communicable diseases’ research and practice in Malawi
Mentoring upcoming researchers for non-communicable diseases’ research and practice in Malawi Open
View article: The effect of TB treatment on health-related quality of life for people with advanced HIV
The effect of TB treatment on health-related quality of life for people with advanced HIV Open
BACKGROUND: Study A5274 was an open-label trial of people with HIV (PLHIV) with CD4 cell count 13 years were enrolled from outpatient clinics in 10 countries. HRQoL was assessed at Weeks 0, 8, 24 and 96 with questions about daily activity,…
View article: Prior Case of Resistance on Dolutegravir Plus Lamivudine Dual Therapy
Prior Case of Resistance on Dolutegravir Plus Lamivudine Dual Therapy Open
View article: Evaluation of Phylogenetic Methods for Inferring the Direction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Transmission: HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052
Evaluation of Phylogenetic Methods for Inferring the Direction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Transmission: HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052 Open
Background Phylogenetic analysis can be used to assess human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission in populations. We inferred the direction of HIV transmission using whole-genome HIV sequences from couples with known linked infection …
View article: Distal Sensory Peripheral Neuropathy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1–Positive Individuals Before and After Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Diverse Resource-Limited Settings
Distal Sensory Peripheral Neuropathy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1–Positive Individuals Before and After Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Diverse Resource-Limited Settings Open
Background Distal sensory peripheral neuropathy (DSPN) is a complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We estimate DSPN prevalence in 7 resource-limited settings (RLSs) for combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)–naive people li…
View article: A11 Evaluation of phylogenetic inference methods to determine direction of HIV transmission
A11 Evaluation of phylogenetic inference methods to determine direction of HIV transmission Open
It has been postulated that the direction of HIV transmission between two individuals can be determined by phylogenetic analysis of HIV sequences. This approach may be problematic, since HIV sequences from newly infected individuals are of…
View article: Dolutegravir plus lamivudine for initial treatment of HIV-1-infected participants with HIV-1 RNA <500 000 copies/mL: week 48 outcomes from ACTG 5353
Dolutegravir plus lamivudine for initial treatment of HIV-1-infected participants with HIV-1 RNA <500 000 copies/mL: week 48 outcomes from ACTG 5353 Open
These results add to the evidence that dolutegravir plus lamivudine is a safe and effective option for initial ART in individuals with HIV-1 RNA <500 000 copies/mL.
View article: Phylogenetic Methods Inconsistently Predict the Direction of HIV Transmission Among Heterosexual Pairs in the HPTN 052 Cohort
Phylogenetic Methods Inconsistently Predict the Direction of HIV Transmission Among Heterosexual Pairs in the HPTN 052 Cohort Open
Background We evaluated use of phylogenetic methods to predict the direction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Methods For 33 pairs of HIV-infected patients (hereafter, “index patients”) and their partners who acquired ge…
View article: Human Immunodeficiency Virus-associated Neurocognitive Impairment in Diverse Resource-limited Settings
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-associated Neurocognitive Impairment in Diverse Resource-limited Settings Open
Background Neurocognitive impairment remains a common complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). We previously reported improved neurocognitive functioning with ART initiation in 7 re…
View article: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Tuberculosis Coinfection in Multinational, Resource-limited Settings: Increased Neurological Dysfunction
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Tuberculosis Coinfection in Multinational, Resource-limited Settings: Increased Neurological Dysfunction Open
NCT00096824.
View article: HIV Drug Resistance in Adults Receiving Early vs. Delayed Antiretroviral Therapy: HPTN 052
HIV Drug Resistance in Adults Receiving Early vs. Delayed Antiretroviral Therapy: HPTN 052 Open
Introduction: We evaluated HIV drug resistance in adults who received early vs. delayed antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a multinational trial [HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052, enrollment 2005–2010]. In HPTN 052, 1763 index partici…
View article: Risk factors for early mortality on antiretroviral therapy in advanced HIV-infected adults
Risk factors for early mortality on antiretroviral therapy in advanced HIV-infected adults Open
Evidence of active infection and suboptimal immunologic response during the first month of ART are associated with death in the first year after ART initiation in those with advanced HIV disease taking tuberculosis preventive therapy. Stra…