Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD) occurs in all patients who have undergone Fontan palliation for functional single ventricle congenital heart defects. While liver fibrosis is universal in patients who have undergone Fontan palliation, FALD may lead to more serious consequences including portal hypertension, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Scientific studies of the pathophysiology and clinical management of FALD have been limited to date by the heterogeneous nature of the disease, relatively small po…

ABSTRACT Background In recent years, transcatheter implantation devices to restrict pulmonary arterial flow have emerged as a potential alternative to surgical pulmonary artery banding. Case Presentation A term male was diagnosed with critical aortic stenosis (AS) and severely reduced left ventricle (LV) systolic function. He underwent aortic balloon valvuloplasty on day 2 of life, resulting in some antegrade flow, but LV ejection fraction only improved to 15%. He remained ductal dependent for systemic perfusion. …

Background/Objectives: Pediatric heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome with diverse etiologies and presentations. Primary care providers (PCPs) are critical in early recognition, family education, and coordination of ongoing care in collaboration with pediatric cardiologists. This review provides a comprehensive guide for PCPs to understand the causes, symptoms, treatments, and longitudinal considerations for children with HF. Methods: We conducted a narrative review synthesizing published evidence and…

ABSTRACT IPTA created the SMARTER Initiative to address persistent gaps in pediatric transplant education worldwide. Through webinars, podcasts, case discussions, and interactive resources, SMARTER provides trainees and allied professionals with accessible, peer‐reviewed content across all major organ systems. The program is designed for global reach, with downloadable modules, mobile compatibility, and recorded sessions to accommodate different regions and time zones. Since its launch, SMARTER has shown strong en…

Wound infection significantly hinders the healing process. Clinical signs and symptoms (CSS) of infection are used to assess the presence of infection and guide whether to intervene. However, CSS may not be dependable, lacking sensitivity and specificity, and may not accurately reflect bacterial load. The interpretation of CSS can be subjective and can vary between clinicians since they depend on patient characteristics, type of wound, and stage of infection. In addition, conditions such as peripheral vascular dis…