Jonathan P. Richardson
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View article: The combinatorial action of hyphal growth and candidalysin is critical for promoting <i>Candida albicans</i> oropharyngeal infection
The combinatorial action of hyphal growth and candidalysin is critical for promoting <i>Candida albicans</i> oropharyngeal infection Open
Candida albicans is one of the most common fungal pathogens, yet much remains unknown about how its virulence factors cooperate to promote pathogenicity. To investigate this, CRISPR-Cas9 technology was used to create a panel of 19 single, …
View article: Candidalysin biology and activation of host cells
Candidalysin biology and activation of host cells Open
Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that can cause life-threatening systemic infections and distressing mucosal infections. A major breakthrough in understanding C. albicans pathogenicity was the discovery of candidalysin,…
View article: Mannan is a context-dependent shield that modifies virulence in <i>Nakaseomyces glabratus</i>
Mannan is a context-dependent shield that modifies virulence in <i>Nakaseomyces glabratus</i> Open
Fungal-host interaction outcomes are influenced by how the host recognizes fungal cell wall components. Mannan is a major cell wall carbohydrate and can be a glycoshield that blocks the inner cell wall β-1,3-glucan from activating pro-infl…
View article: <i>Candida albicans</i> biofilm extracellular vesicles deliver candidalysin to epithelial cell membranes and induce host cell responses
<i>Candida albicans</i> biofilm extracellular vesicles deliver candidalysin to epithelial cell membranes and induce host cell responses Open
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous particles encapsulated with a phospholipid bilayer membrane. EVs have evolved diverse biological functions, serving mainly as prominent mediators and regulators of cell-cell communication. Thi…
View article: Variations in candidalysin amino acid sequence influence toxicity and host responses
Variations in candidalysin amino acid sequence influence toxicity and host responses Open
Candida albicans causes millions of mucosal infections in humans annually. Hyphal overgrowth on mucosal surfaces is frequently associated with tissue damage caused by candidalysin, a secreted peptide toxin that destabilizes the plasma memb…
View article: Secretion of the fungal toxin candidalysin is dependent on conserved precursor peptide sequences
Secretion of the fungal toxin candidalysin is dependent on conserved precursor peptide sequences Open
The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans damages host cells via its peptide toxin, candidalysin. Before secretion, candidalysin is embedded in a precursor protein, Ece1, which consists of a signal peptide, the precursor of candid…
View article: What training should psychiatrists have to interpret six- and 12-lead electrocardiograms?
What training should psychiatrists have to interpret six- and 12-lead electrocardiograms? Open
To monitor for drug-related cardiac arrhythmias, psychiatrists regularly perform and interpret 12-lead (12L) and, increasingly often, six-lead (6L) electrocardiograms (ECGs). It is not known how training on this complex skill is updated or…
View article: Fungal infection drives metabolic reprogramming in epithelial cells via aerobic glycolysis and an alternative TCA cycle shunt
Fungal infection drives metabolic reprogramming in epithelial cells via aerobic glycolysis and an alternative TCA cycle shunt Open
Immunometabolic changes induced by the fungal pathobiont Candida albicans drive complex responses in innate immune cells. However, whether and how C. albicans causes remodelling of oral epithelial cell metabolism is unclear. Here, we use i…
View article: Targeting an Initiator Allergen Provides Durable and Expansive Protection against House Dust Mite Allergy
Targeting an Initiator Allergen Provides Durable and Expansive Protection against House Dust Mite Allergy Open
Whereas treatment of allergic diseases such as asthma relies largely on the targeting of dysregulated effector pathways, the conceptually attractive alternative of preventing them by a pharmaceutical, at-source intervention has been stymie…
View article: Candida albicans A Major Fungal Pathogen of Humans
Candida albicans A Major Fungal Pathogen of Humans Open
This book explores the biology of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans, its interaction with the human host, and current research that seeks to identify new ways to combat the health risks posed by C. albicans infection.
View article: Candida albicans: A Major Fungal Pathogen of Humans
Candida albicans: A Major Fungal Pathogen of Humans Open
Fungal infections kill ~1 [...]
View article: EGFR-MAPK adaptor proteins mediate the epithelial response to <i>Candida albicans</i> via the cytolytic peptide toxin, candidalysin
EGFR-MAPK adaptor proteins mediate the epithelial response to <i>Candida albicans</i> via the cytolytic peptide toxin, candidalysin Open
Candida albicans ( C. albicans ) is a dimorphic human fungal pathogen that can cause severe oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC, oral thrush) in susceptible hosts. During invasive infection, C. albicans hyphae invade oral epithelial cells (OECs…
View article: Candidalysins Are a New Family of Cytolytic Fungal Peptide Toxins
Candidalysins Are a New Family of Cytolytic Fungal Peptide Toxins Open
Pathogenic fungi kill an estimated 1.5 million people every year. Recently, we discovered that the fungal pathogen Candida albicans secretes a peptide toxin called candidalysin during mucosal infection.
View article: A variant ECE1 allele contributes to reduced pathogenicity of Candida albicans during vulvovaginal candidiasis
A variant ECE1 allele contributes to reduced pathogenicity of Candida albicans during vulvovaginal candidiasis Open
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), caused primarily by the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans , results in significant quality-of-life issues for women worldwide. Candidalysin, a toxin derived from a polypeptide (Ece1p) encoded by the ECE…
View article: Candidalysin triggers epithelial cellular stresses that induce necrotic death
Candidalysin triggers epithelial cellular stresses that induce necrotic death Open
Candida albicans is a common opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes a wide range of infections from superficial mucosal to hematogenously disseminated candidiasis. The hyphal form plays an important role in the pathogenic process by inv…
View article: Fungal Toxins and Host Immune Responses
Fungal Toxins and Host Immune Responses Open
Fungi are ubiquitous organisms that thrive in diverse natural environments including soils, plants, animals, and the human body. In response to warmth, humidity, and moisture, certain fungi which grow on crops and harvested foodstuffs can …
View article: Role for IL-1 Family Cytokines in Fungal Infections
Role for IL-1 Family Cytokines in Fungal Infections Open
Fungal pathogens kill approximately 1.5 million individuals per year and represent a severe disease burden worldwide. It is estimated over 150 million people have serious fungal disease such as recurrent mucosal infections or life-threaten…
View article: <i>Candida albicans</i> biofilms and polymicrobial interactions
<i>Candida albicans</i> biofilms and polymicrobial interactions Open
Candida albicans is a common fungus of the human microbiota. While generally a harmless commensal in healthy individuals, several factors can lead to its overgrowth and cause a range of complications within the host, from localized superfi…
View article: <i>Candida albicans</i> and candidalysin in inflammatory disorders and cancer
<i>Candida albicans</i> and candidalysin in inflammatory disorders and cancer Open
Summary As our understanding of mycology progresses, the impact of fungal microbes on human health has become increasingly evident. Candida albicans is a common commensal fungus that gives rise to local and systemic infections, particularl…
View article: Candidalysin Is a Potent Trigger of Alarmin and Antimicrobial Peptide Release in Epithelial Cells
Candidalysin Is a Potent Trigger of Alarmin and Antimicrobial Peptide Release in Epithelial Cells Open
Host released alarmins and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are highly effective as antifungal agents and inducers. Whilst some are expressed constitutively at mucosal tissues, the primary site of many infections, others are elicited in respo…
View article: Candidalysin activates innate epithelial immune responses via epidermal growth factor receptor
Candidalysin activates innate epithelial immune responses via epidermal growth factor receptor Open
Candida albicans is a fungal pathobiont, able to cause epithelial cell damage and immune activation. These functions have been attributed to its secreted toxin, candidalysin, though the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we …
View article: Candida albicans Interactions with Mucosal Surfaces during Health and Disease
Candida albicans Interactions with Mucosal Surfaces during Health and Disease Open
Flexible adaptation to the host environment is a critical trait that underpins the success of numerous microbes. The polymorphic fungus Candida albicans has evolved to persist in the numerous challenging niches of the human body. The inter…
View article: IL-36 and IL-1/IL-17 Drive Immunity to Oral Candidiasis via Parallel Mechanisms
IL-36 and IL-1/IL-17 Drive Immunity to Oral Candidiasis via Parallel Mechanisms Open
Protection against microbial infection by the induction of inflammation is a key function of the IL-1 superfamily, including both classical IL-1 and the new IL-36 cytokine families. Candida albicans is a frequent human fungal pathogen caus…
View article: Candida albicans-Induced Epithelial Damage Mediates Translocation through Intestinal Barriers
Candida albicans-Induced Epithelial Damage Mediates Translocation through Intestinal Barriers Open
Life-threatening systemic infections often occur due to the translocation of pathogens across the gut barrier and into the bloodstream. While the microbial and host mechanisms permitting bacterial gut translocation are well characterized, …
View article: Special Issue: Mucosal Fungal Infections
Special Issue: Mucosal Fungal Infections Open
The past four decades have seen a staggering escalation in the number of invasive fungal infections worldwide.[...]
View article: Candida–Epithelial Interactions
Candida–Epithelial Interactions Open
A plethora of intricate and dynamic molecular interactions occur between microbes and the epithelial cells that form the mucosal surfaces of the human body. Fungi, particularly species of Candida, are commensal members of our microbiota, c…