Jonathan Weintroub
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View article: First Frequency Phase Transfer from the 3 mm to the 1 mm Band on an Earth-sized Baseline
First Frequency Phase Transfer from the 3 mm to the 1 mm Band on an Earth-sized Baseline Open
Frequency phase transfer (FPT) is a technique designed to increase coherence and sensitivity in radio interferometry by making use of the nondispersive nature of the troposphere to calibrate high-frequency data using solutions derived at a…
View article: First Very Long Baseline Interferometry Detections at 870 μm
First Very Long Baseline Interferometry Detections at 870 μm Open
The first very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) detections at 870 μ m wavelength (345 GHz frequency) are reported, achieving the highest diffraction-limited angular resolution yet obtained from the surface of the Earth and the highest-f…
View article: The Black Hole Explorer: motivation and vision
The Black Hole Explorer: motivation and vision Open
Johnson, Michael D. et al.-- Full list of authors: Johnson, Michael D.; Akiyama, Kazunori; Baturin, Rebecca; Bilyeu, Bryan; Blackburn, Lindy; Boroson, Don; Cárdenas-Avendaño, Alejandro; Chael, Andrew; Chan, Chi-kwan; Chang, Dominic; Cheime…
View article: Upgrading the Submillimeter Array: wSMA and beyond
Upgrading the Submillimeter Array: wSMA and beyond Open
The Submillimeter Array (SMA) is an array of 8 antennas operating at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths on Maunakea, Hawaii, operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astroph…
View article: The Black Hole Explorer: Instrument System Overview
The Black Hole Explorer: Instrument System Overview Open
The Black Hole Explorer (BHEX) is a space very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) mission concept that is currently under development. BHEX will study supermassive black holes at unprecedented resolution, isolating the signature of the "p…
View article: The Black Hole Explorer: Back End Electronics
The Black Hole Explorer: Back End Electronics Open
This paper describes specification and early design of back end signal processing subsystems for the Black Hole Explorer (BHEX) Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) space telescope. The "back end" consists of two subsystems. First, the…
View article: High Data Rate Laser Communications for the Black Hole Explorer
High Data Rate Laser Communications for the Black Hole Explorer Open
The Black Hole Explorer (BHEX) is a mission concept that can dramatically improve state-of-the-art astronomical very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) imaging resolution by extending baseline distances to space. To support these scientif…
View article: The Black Hole Explorer: Motivation and Vision
The Black Hole Explorer: Motivation and Vision Open
We present the Black Hole Explorer (BHEX), a mission that will produce the sharpest images in the history of astronomy by extending submillimeter Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) to space. BHEX will discover and measure the bright …
View article: Metadata for the Flux Density Calibration of the April 2018 Event Horizon Telescope Data
Metadata for the Flux Density Calibration of the April 2018 Event Horizon Telescope Data Open
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations carried out in 2018 April at 1.3 mm wavelengths included 9 stations in the array, comprising 7 single-dish telescopes and 2 phased arrays. The metadata package for the 2018 EHT observing campa…
View article: Reference Array and Design Consideration for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope
Reference Array and Design Consideration for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope Open
We describe the process to design, architect, and implement a transformative enhancement of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). This program—the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT)—will form a networked global array of radio dis…
View article: Tritium Beta Spectrum Measurement and Neutrino Mass Limit from Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy
Tritium Beta Spectrum Measurement and Neutrino Mass Limit from Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy Open
The absolute scale of the neutrino mass plays a critical role in physics at every scale, from the subatomic to the cosmological. Measurements of the tritium end-point spectrum have provided the most precise direct limit on the neutrino mas…
View article: Reference Array and Design Consideration for the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope
Reference Array and Design Consideration for the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope Open
We describe the process to design, architect, and implement a transformative enhancement of the Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT). This program - the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT) - will form a networked global array of rad…
View article: Key Science Goals for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope
Key Science Goals for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope Open
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has led to the first images of a supermassive black hole, revealing the central compact objects in the elliptical galaxy M87 and the Milky Way. Proposed upgrades to this array through the next-generation E…
View article: Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy of Electrons from Tritium Beta Decay and $^{83\rm m}$Kr Internal Conversion
Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy of Electrons from Tritium Beta Decay and $^{83\rm m}$Kr Internal Conversion Open
Project 8 has developed a novel technique, Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy (CRES), for direct neutrino mass measurements. A CRES-based experiment on the beta spectrum of tritium has been carried out in a small-volume apparatus. W…
View article: Prospects of GPU Tensor Core Correlation for the SMA and the ngEHT
Prospects of GPU Tensor Core Correlation for the SMA and the ngEHT Open
Building on the base of the existing telescopes of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) and ALMA, the next-generation EHT (ngEHT) aspires to deploy ∼10 more stations. The ngEHT targets an angular resolution of ∼15 microarcseconds. This resolu…
View article: The next-generation Event Horizon Telescope
The next-generation Event Horizon Telescope Open
The next-generation Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT) is a transformative new array that will be capable of making real-time and time-lapse movies of supermassive black holes on event horizon scales.These movies will resolve complex structur…
View article: Evaluation of a Candidate Site in the Tibetan Plateau towards the Next Generation Event Horizon Telescope
Evaluation of a Candidate Site in the Tibetan Plateau towards the Next Generation Event Horizon Telescope Open
In order to enhance the imaging capabilities of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) and capture the first black hole movies, the next-generation EHT (ngEHT) team is building new stations. Most stations of the EHT and ngEHT project are locate…
View article: Tritium Beta Spectrum and Neutrino Mass Limit from Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy
Tritium Beta Spectrum and Neutrino Mass Limit from Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy Open
The absolute scale of the neutrino mass plays a critical role in physics at every scale, from the particle to the cosmological. Measurements of the tritium endpoint spectrum have provided the most precise direct limit on the neutrino mass …
View article: Unraveling Twisty Linear Polarization Morphologies in Black Hole Images
Unraveling Twisty Linear Polarization Morphologies in Black Hole Images Open
We investigate general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations (GRMHD) to determine the physical origin of the twisty patterns of linear polarization seen in spatially resolved black hole images and explain their morphological depende…
View article: The Photon Ring in M87*
The Photon Ring in M87* Open
We report measurements of the gravitationally lensed secondary image—the first in an infinite series of so-called “photon rings”—around the supermassive black hole M87* via simultaneous modeling and imaging of the 2017 Event Horizon Telesc…
View article: Prospects for Wideband VLBI Correlation in the Cloud
Prospects for Wideband VLBI Correlation in the Cloud Open
This paper proposes a cloud architecture for the correlation of wide\nbandwidth VLBI data. Cloud correlation facilitates processing of entire\nexperiments in parallel using flexibly allocated and practically unlimited\ncompute resources. T…
View article: Studying black holes on horizon scales with space-VLBI
Studying black holes on horizon scales with space-VLBI Open
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) recently produced the first horizon-scale image of a supermassive black hole. Expanding the array to include a 3-meter space telescope operating at >200 GHz enables mass measurements of many black holes, m…
View article: Studying Black Holes on Horizon Scales with VLBI Ground Arrays
Studying Black Holes on Horizon Scales with VLBI Ground Arrays Open
High-resolution imaging of supermassive black holes is now possible, with new applications to testing general relativity and horizon-scale accretion and relativistic jet formation processes. Over the coming decade, the EHT will propose to …
View article: Extremely long baseline interferometry with Origins Space Telescope
Extremely long baseline interferometry with Origins Space Telescope Open
Operating 1.5 million km from Earth at the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point, the Origins Space Telescope equipped with a slightly modified version of its HERO heterodyne instrument could function as a uniquely valuable node in a VLBI network. T…
View article: Studying Black Holes on Horizon Scales with VLBI Ground Arrays
Studying Black Holes on Horizon Scales with VLBI Ground Arrays Open
High-resolution imaging of supermassive black holes is now possible, with new applications to testing general relativity and horizon-scale accretion and relativistic jet formation processes. Over the coming decade, the EHT will propose to …
View article: A VLBI receiving system for the South Pole Telescope
A VLBI receiving system for the South Pole Telescope Open
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) experiment that aims to observe supermassive black holes with an angular resolution that is comparable to the event horizon scale. The South Pole occupies an i…
View article: A VLBI receiving system for the South Pole Telescope
A VLBI receiving system for the South Pole Telescope Open
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) experiment that aims to observe supermassive black holes with an angular resolution that is comparable to the event horizon scale. The South Pole occupies an i…
View article: Project 8 Phase III Design Concept
Project 8 Phase III Design Concept Open
We present a working concept for Phase III of the Project 8 experiment, aiming to achieve a neutrino mass sensitivity of $2~\mathrm{eV}$ ($90~\%$ C.L.) using a large volume of molecular tritium and a phased antenna array. The detection sys…
View article: Project 8 detector upgrades for a tritium beta decay spectrum using cyclotron radiation
Project 8 detector upgrades for a tritium beta decay spectrum using cyclotron radiation Open
Following the successful observation of single conversion electrons from $^{83m}$Kr using Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy (CRES), Project 8 is now advancing its focus toward a tritium beta decay spectrum. A tritium spectrum will …
View article: Determining the neutrino mass with cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy—Project 8
Determining the neutrino mass with cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy—Project 8 Open
The most sensitive direct method to establish the absolute neutrino mass is observation of the endpoint of the tritium beta-decay spectrum. Cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) is a precision spectrographic technique that can p…